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Lunda P, Minnie CS, Lubbe W. Factors influencing respectful perinatal care among healthcare professionals in low-and middle-resource countries: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:442. [PMID: 38914945 PMCID: PMC11194958 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aimed to provide healthcare professionals with a scientific summary of best available research evidence on factors influencing respectful perinatal care. The review question was 'What were the perceptions of midwives and doctors on factors that influence respectful perinatal care?' METHODS A detailed search was done on electronic databases: EBSCOhost: Medline, OAlster, Scopus, SciELO, Science Direct, PubMed, Psych INFO, and SocINDEX. The databases were searched for available literature using a predetermined search strategy. Reference lists of included studies were analysed to identify studies missing from databases. The phenomenon of interest was factors influencing maternity care practices according to midwives and doctors. Pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used during selection of potential studies. In total, 13 studies were included in the data analysis and synthesis. Three themes were identified and a total of nine sub-themes. RESULTS Studies conducted in various settings were included in the study. Various factors influencing respectful perinatal care were identified. During data synthesis three themes emerged namely healthcare institution, healthcare professional and women-related factors. Alongside the themes were sub-themes human resources, medical supplies, norms and practices, physical infrastructure, healthcare professional competencies and attributes, women's knowledge, and preferences. The three factors influence the provision of respectful perinatal care; addressing them might improve the provision of this care. CONCLUSION Addressing factors that influence respectful perinatal care is vital towards the prevention of compromised patient care during the perinatal period as these factors have the potential to accelerate or hinder provision of respectful care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronellah Lunda
- School of Nursing, North-West University, NuMIQ Research Focus Area, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Catharina Susanna Minnie
- School of Nursing, North-West University, NuMIQ Research Focus Area, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- School of Nursing, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Welma Lubbe
- School of Nursing, North-West University, NuMIQ Research Focus Area, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Mirzania M, Shakibazadeh E, Bohren MA, Hantoushzadeh S, Khajavi A, Foroushani AR. Challenges to the implementation of a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth in Iran: a qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Reprod Health 2024; 21:70. [PMID: 38802923 PMCID: PMC11131232 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mistreatment during childbirth is a growing concern worldwide, especially in developing countries, such as Iran. In response, we launched a comprehensive implementation research (IR) project to reduce mistreatment during childbirth and enhance positive birth experiences in birth facilities. This study identified the challenges of implementing a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). METHODS An exploratory qualitative study, involving 30 in-depth interviews, was conducted between July 2022 and February 2023. Participants included a purposive sample of key stakeholders at different levels of the health system (macro: Ministry of Health and Medical Education; meso: universities of medical sciences and health services; and micro: hospitals) with sufficient knowledge, direct experience, and/or collaboration in the implementation of the studied interventions. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using directed qualitative content analysis (CFIR constructs) in MAXQDA 18. RESULTS The identified challenges were: (1) individual level (childbirth preparation classes: e.g., adaptability, design quality and packaging, cosmopolitanism; presence of birth companions: e.g., patient needs and resources, structural characteristics, culture); (2) healthcare provider level (integrating respectful maternity care into in-service training: e.g., relative priority, access to knowledge and information, reflecting and evaluating); (3) hospital level (evaluating the performance of maternity healthcare providers: e.g., executing, external policies and incentives); and (4) national health system level (implementation of pain relief during childbirth guidelines: e.g., networks and communications, patient needs and resources, executing, reflecting and evaluating). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a clear understanding of the challenges of implementing a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth and highlights potential implications for policy makers and practitioners of maternal health programs. We encourage them to take the lessons learned from this study and revise their current programs and policies regarding the quality of maternity care by focusing on the identified challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mirzania
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Meghan A Bohren
- Gender and Women's Health Unit, Nossal Institute for Global Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoljavad Khajavi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Atuesinya Azusong E, Teye-Kwadjo E, Asante KO. Effect of childbirth experience on the psychological well-being of postpartum women in Accra, Ghana. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38511351 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2329721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's experience of childbirth can affect their mental health outcomes, many years after the delivery. Consequently, the World Health Organisation has provided recommendations to ensure women receive positive birth experiences during intrapartum care. Yet, negative childbirth experience is widespread in Ghana. This study examined the association between women's childbirth experience (i.e. own capacity, professional support, perceived safety, and participation) and their psychological well-being, and whether or not perceived social support and resilience moderate the childbirth experience - psychological well-being relationship. METHODS Mothers (N = 117) who had given birth in the past month and were receiving postnatal care at two health facilities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana provided the data for the current analysis. Data were collected using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire, WHO-5 Well-Being Index, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Brief Resilience Scale. Hierarchical Linear Regression was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Results showed that childbirth experience domains of own capacity and perceived safety were significantly, and positively associated with psychological well-being. The domains of professional support and participation were not associated with psychological well-being in this sample. Perceived social support and resilience did not moderate the association between childbirth experience and psychological well-being. CONCLUSION The results suggest that efforts by birth practitioners (i.e. midwives, obstetricians, and gynaecologists) to give Ghanaian women positive childbirth experiences through the encouragement of personal control over the birthing process as well as ensuring the safety of the birthing procedure and environment would provide women with optimal mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enoch Teye-Kwadjo
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Industrial Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Haghdoost S, Iravani M, Rahmani AH, Montazeri S. Midwives' experience of respectful maternity care (RMC) globally: A meta-synthesis. Nurs Ethics 2023:9697330231218346. [PMID: 38113636 DOI: 10.1177/09697330231218346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respectful maternity care (RMC) emphasizes the social and relational elements of maternity care and is a crucial part of initiatives to improve service accessibility and quality. Women's perceptions have influenced much of what we know about RMC and contempt in the labor ward. In order to understand midwives' perspectives of RMC, this meta-synthesis focused on them. METHOD For this inquiry, the databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to find studies on midwives' perceptions of RMC written between 2011 and April 20th 2023. The included articles were to English language restriction. The results of the included research were examined using thematic analysis. Using the inclusion criteria, 84 potentially relevant articles were carefully reviewed, and only 22 were ultimately selected for synthesis. The quality of the qualitative study was assessed using the CASP, a tool for quality evaluation and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Using the MAXQDA program, the cited quotes and the original authors' interpretations were combined. RESULT There were 22 studies total, thematic synthesis was determined to be appropriate for a total of 22 research studies. Following are the topics which we summarized our analysis: in six major themes: Midwives' conceptualizations of RMC, Midwives commitment to woman's rights, The value and impact of RMC to midwives, Midwife's perception of disrespectful care, Challenges in providing respectful maternity care, and Midwives' recommendations for optimal RMC practice. CONCLUSION In addition to specific focus on promoting cooperation, policies to enhance health systems and strategic consideration of the midwifery profession's future are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Iravani
- Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences
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Agu AP, Azuogu BN, Una AF, Ituma B, Eze II, Onwe FI, Oka OU, Igwe-Okomiso DO, Agbo UN, Ewah R, Uneke JC. Management staff's perspectives on intervention strategies for workplace violence prevention in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria: a qualitative study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1210571. [PMID: 37649786 PMCID: PMC10462867 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1210571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health workers have increasingly become victims of workplace violence. However, negligible action has been given to developing workplace violence (WPV) prevention programs in hospital settings in low-middle-income countries. An effective workplace violence prevention program is crucial for preventing violence and managing the consequences of incidents. This study assessed management staff perspectives on intervention strategies for workplace violence prevention in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Methods A qualitative study design was employed to explore the intervention strategies for preventing and managing workplace violence at a tertiary health facility in southeast Nigeria. Six focus group discussions were conducted with thirty-eight management-level staff. The interview transcripts were manually coded according to six predefined constructs of workplace violence: creating interdisciplinary harmony and WPV experiences, causes, prevention, program/policy contents, and implementation strategies. A manual thematic analysis approach was adopted, and the results were presented as narratives. Results The findings revealed recognition, welfare, administrative control, and security as vital strategies for the WPV prevention program. The participants agreed that unanimity among staff could be promoted through respect for all cadres of staff and for people's perspectives (creating interdisciplinary harmony). Assaults and staff intimidation/victimization (experiences), attributed to unethical/poor health workers' behaviour and ethnic discrimination (causes), were viewed as preventable by ensuring patients'/caregivers' welfare through respectful and timely care and staff's welfare through incentives/remunerations and discouraging intimidation (prevention strategies). Furthermore, the staff expressed that the WPV program should employ administrative controls, including instituting WPV policy/unit, codes of ethics, and standard operating procedures across all workplace facets (program/policy contents), which should be implemented through awareness creation, enforcement of sanctions, and provision of appropriate and adequate security presence in the hospital (policy implementation strategies). Conclusion Respect, patient/staff welfare, administrative control, and security are strong mechanisms to prevent workplace violence in tertiary hospitals. Hospital management should institutionalize workplace violence prevention programs/policies and ensure compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaoha Pearl Agu
- Community Medicine Department, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Ndubueze Azuogu
- Community Medicine Department, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Alfred F. Una
- Community Medicine Department, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Benard Ituma
- Community Medicine Department, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Irene Ifeyinwa Eze
- Community Medicine Department, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Francis I. Onwe
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechukwu Uzoamaka Oka
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Dorathy O. Igwe-Okomiso
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Urudinachi N. Agbo
- Community Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Richard Ewah
- Anaesthesia Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Jesse C. Uneke
- African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Çamlibel M, Uludağ E. The Turkish version of the students' perceptions of respectful maternity care scale: An assessment of psychometric properties. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 70:103684. [PMID: 37379697 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish validity and reliability of the Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care (SP-RMC) scale. BACKGROUND Respectful maternity care is an important contributor to intrapartum care quality and maternal birth satisfaction. Determining students' perceptions of respectful maternity care can identify knowledge gaps and inform their future practice. DESIGN A descriptive, methodological and cross-sectional design was used. METHODS This study was conducted with 226 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students in the western region of Turkey. Data were collected between May and December 2022 from students who completed their birth courses (theory and clinical practicum). Data included sociodemographic details and the Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care scale (Turkish version). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and item-total score analyses were conducted. RESULTS The mean age of the students was 21.88 (SD 1.39). The average number of births observed was 2.57 (SD 3.16). The scale comprised 18 items including three subdimensions. In both exploratory and confirmatory factor tests, the overall factor loading was greater than 0.30, and the total explained variance was 64.89%. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.91, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging between 0.80 and 0.91 for the subscales. Pearson correlation coefficients of all the items ranged between 0.42 and 0.78. CONCLUSIONS The SP-RMC (Turkish version) is a valid and reliable measure, with 18 items and three dimensions. In this regard, measuring and reporting respectful maternity care perceptions and intrapartum care experiences of students, who are future members of the profession, could contribute to the improvement of the quality of care and the development of educational interventions for behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Çamlibel
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Department, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Elif Uludağ
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Department, Denizli, Turkey
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Nigusie A, Endehabtu BF, Angaw DA, Teklu A, Mekonnen ZA, Feletto M, Assan A, Samuel A, Sheikh K, Tilahun B. Status of Compassionate, Respectful, and Caring Health Service Delivery: Scoping Review. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e30804. [PMID: 35129450 PMCID: PMC8863364 DOI: 10.2196/30804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A compassionate, respectful, and caring (CRC) health professional is very important for human-centered care, serving clients ethically and with respect, adhering to the professional oath, and serving as a model for young professionals. As countries try to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), quality delivery of health services is crucial. CRC health care is an initiative around the need to provide quality care services to clients and patients. However, there is an evidence gap on the status of CRC health care service delivery. Objective This scoping review aimed to map global evidence on the status of CRC health service delivery practice. Methods An exhaustive literature review and Delphi technique were used to answer the 2 research questions: “What is the current status of CRC health care practices among health workers?” and “Is it possible for health professionals, health managers, administrators, and policy makers to incorporate it into their activity while designing strategies that could improve the humanistic and holistic approach to health care provision?” The studies were searched from the year 2014 to September 2020 using electronic databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Hinari, and the World Health Organization (WHO) library. Additionally, grey literature such as Google, Google Scholar, and WorldWideScience were scrutinized. Studies that applied any study design and data collection and analysis methods related to CRC care were included. Two authors extracted the data and compared the results. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion, or the third reviewer made the decision. Findings from the existing literature were presented using thematic analysis. Results A total of 1193 potentially relevant studies were generated from the initial search, and 20 studies were included in the final review. From this review, we identified 5 thematic areas: the status of CRC implementation, facilitators for CRC health care service delivery, barriers to CRC health care delivery, disrespectful and abusive care encountered by patients, and perspectives on CRC. The findings of this review indicated that improving the mechanisms for monitoring health facilities, improving accountability, and becoming aware of the consequences of maltreatment within facilities are critical steps to improving health care delivery practices. Conclusions This scoping review identified that there is limited CRC service provision. Lack of training, patient flow volume, and bed shortages were found to be the main contributors of CRC health care delivery. Therefore, the health care system should consider the components of CRC in health care delivery during in-service training, pre-service training, monitoring and evaluation, community engagement, workload division, and performance appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Nigusie
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu F Endehabtu
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abebaw Angaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Teklu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Marta Feletto
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abraham Assan
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Assegid Samuel
- Human Resources Administration Directorate, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kabir Sheikh
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Binyam Tilahun
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lusambili A, Wisofschi S, Shumba C, Obure J, Mulama K, Nyaga L, Wade TJ, Temmerman M. Health Care Workers' Perspectives of the Influences of Disrespectful Maternity Care in Rural Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8218. [PMID: 33172160 PMCID: PMC7664382 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While disrespectful treatment of pregnant women attending health care facilities occurs globally, it is more prevalent in low-resource countries. In Kenya, a large body of research studied disrespectful maternity care (DMC) from the perspective of the service users. This paper examines the perspective of health care workers (HCWs) on factors that influence DMC experienced by pregnant women at health care facilities in rural Kisii and Kilifi counties in Kenya. We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with health care workers (HCWs) in these two sites. Data were analyzed deductively and inductively using NVIVO 12. Findings from HCWs reflective narratives identified four areas connected to the delivery of disrespectful care, including poor infrastructure, understaffing, service users' sociocultural beliefs, and health care workers' attitudes toward marginalized women. Investments are needed to address health system influences on DMC, including poor health infrastructure and understaffing. Additionally, it is important to reduce cultural barriers through training on HCWs' interpersonal communication skills. Further, strategies are needed to affect positive behavior changes among HCWs directed at addressing the stigma and discrimination of pregnant women due to socioeconomic standing. To develop evidence-informed strategies to address DMC, a holistic understanding of the factors associated with pregnant women's poor experiences of facility-based maternity care is needed. This may best be achieved through an intersectional approach to address DMC by identifying systemic, cultural, and socioeconomic inequities, as well as the structural and policy features that contribute and determine peoples' behaviors and choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Lusambili
- Department of Population Health (DPH), Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya;
| | - Stefania Wisofschi
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (S.W.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (L.N.); (T.J.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Constance Shumba
- Department of Population Health (DPH), Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya;
| | - Jerim Obure
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (S.W.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (L.N.); (T.J.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Kennedy Mulama
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (S.W.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (L.N.); (T.J.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Lucy Nyaga
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (S.W.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (L.N.); (T.J.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Terrance J. Wade
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (S.W.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (L.N.); (T.J.W.); (M.T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (S.W.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (L.N.); (T.J.W.); (M.T.)
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Dzomeku VM, Mensah BAB, Nakua EK, Agbadi P, Lori JR, Donkor P. Correction: Exploring midwives' understanding of respectful maternal care in Kumasi, Ghana: Qualitative inquiry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238278. [PMID: 32822411 PMCID: PMC7442233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220538.].
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