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Al-Sukhun S, Masannat Y, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Shrikhande SV, Manirakiza A, Fadelu T, Rebbeck TR. Germline Testing Around the Globe: Challenges in Different Practice Settings. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e390522. [PMID: 37220318 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_390522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an increasing global public health burden. Lately, more emphasis has emerged on the importance of heredity in cancer, mostly driven by the introduction of germline genetic variants-directed therapeutics. It is true that 40% of cancer risk is attributed to modifiable environmental and lifestyle factors; still, 16% of cancers could be heritable, accounting for 2.9 of the 18.1 million cases diagnosed worldwide. At least two third of those will be diagnosed in countries with limited resources-low- and middle-income countries, especially where high rates of consanguine marriage and early age at diagnosis are already prevalent. Both are hallmarks of hereditary cancer. This creates a new opportunity for prevention, early detection, and recently therapeutic intervention. However, this opportunity is challenged by many obstacles along the path to addressing germline testing in patients with cancer in the clinic worldwide. Global collaboration and expertise exchange are important to bridge the knowledge gap and facilitate practical implementation. Adapting existing guidelines and prioritization according to local resources are essential to address the unique needs and overcome the unique barriers of each society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yazan Masannat
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland, United Kingdom
- The University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Temidayo Fadelu
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Rao ND, Shirts BH. Using species richness calculations to model the global profile of unsampled pathogenic variants: Examples from BRCA1 and BRCA2. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278010. [PMID: 36753473 PMCID: PMC9907816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many surveys of genetic variation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 to identify variant prevalence and catalogue population specific variants, yet none have evaluated the magnitude of unobserved variation. We applied species richness estimation methods from ecology to estimate "variant richness" and determine how many germline pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants have yet to be identified and the frequency of these missing variants in different populations. We also estimated the prevalence of germline pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants and identified those expected to be most common. Data was obtained from a literature search including studies conducted globally that tested the entirety of BRCA1/2 for pathogenic variation. Across countries, 45% to 88% of variants were estimated to be missing, i.e., present in the population but not observed in study data. Estimated variant frequencies in each country showed a higher proportion of rare variants compared to recurrent variants. The median prevalence estimate of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers was 0.64%. BRCA1 c.68_69del is likely the most recurrent BRCA1/2 variant globally due to its estimated prevalence in India. Modeling variant richness using ecology methods may assist in evaluating clinical targeted assays by providing a picture of what is observed with estimates of what is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandana D. Rao
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Shirts
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Identification of Germline Variants in Patients with Hereditary Cancer Syndromes in Northeast Mexico. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020341. [PMID: 36833268 PMCID: PMC9957276 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) are genetic diseases with an increased risk of developing cancer. This research describes the implementation of a cancer prevention model, genetic counseling, and germline variants testing in an oncologic center in Mexico. A total of 315 patients received genetic counseling, genetic testing was offered, and 205 individuals were tested for HCS. In 6 years, 131 (63.90%) probands and 74 (36.09%) relatives were tested. Among the probands, we found that 85 (63.9%) had at least one germline variant. We identified founder mutations in BRCA1 and a novel variant in APC that led to the creation of an in-house detection process for the whole family. The most frequent syndrome was hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) (41 cases with BRCA1 germline variants in most of the cases), followed by eight cases of hereditary non-polyposic cancer syndrome (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome) (with MLH1 as the primarily responsible gene), and other high cancer risk syndromes. Genetic counseling in HCS is still a global challenge. Multigene panels are an essential tool to detect the variants frequency. Our program has a high detection rate of probands with HCS and pathogenic variants (40%), compared with other reports that detect 10% in other populations.
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Ossa Gomez CA, Achatz MI, Hurtado M, Sanabria-Salas MC, Sullcahuaman Y, Chávarri-Guerra Y, Dutil J, Nielsen SM, Esplin ED, Michalski ST, Bristow SL, Hatchell KE, Nussbaum RL, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Ashton-Prolla P. Germline Pathogenic Variant Prevalence Among Latin American and US Hispanic Individuals Undergoing Testing for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2200104. [PMID: 35867948 PMCID: PMC9812461 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report on pathogenic germline variants detected among individuals undergoing genetic testing for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) from Latin America and compare them with self-reported Hispanic individuals from the United States. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, unrelated individuals with a personal/family history suggestive of HBOC who received clinician-ordered germline multigene sequencing were grouped according to the location of the ordering physician: group A, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean; group B, South America; and group C, United States with individuals who self-reported Hispanic ethnicity. Relatives who underwent cascade testing were analyzed separately. RESULTS Among 24,075 unrelated probands across all regions, most were female (94.9%) and reported a personal history suggestive of HBOC (range, 65.0%-80.6%); the mean age at testing was 49.1 ± 13.1 years. The average number of genes analyzed per patient was highest in group A (A 63 ± 28, B 56 ± 29, and C 40 ± 28). Between 9.1% and 18.7% of patients had pathogenic germline variants in HBOC genes (highest yield in group A), with the majority associated with high HBOC risk. Compared with US Hispanics individuals the overall yield was significantly higher in both Latin American regions (A v C P = 1.64×10-9, B v C P < 2.2×10-16). Rates of variants of uncertain significance were similar across all three regions (33.7%-42.6%). Cascade testing uptake was low in all regions (A 6.6%, B 4.5%, and C 1.9%). CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of multigene panel testing in Latin American individuals with newly diagnosed or history of HBOC, who can benefit from medical management changes including targeted therapies, eligibility to clinical trials, risk-reducing surgeries, surveillance and prevention of secondary malignancy, and genetic counseling and subsequent cascade testing of at-risk relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Isabel Achatz
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Mabel Hurtado
- Instituto Oncológico, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yasser Sullcahuaman
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru,Instituto de Investigación Genomica, Lima, Peru
| | - Yanin Chávarri-Guerra
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julie Dutil
- Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Pone, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel E. Pineda-Alvarez
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA,Daniel E. Pineda-Alvarez, MD, Medical Affairs, Invitae Corporation, 1400 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103; e-mail:
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Serviço de Genética Médica e Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gallardo-Rincón D, Montes-Servín E, Alamilla-García G, Montes-Servín E, Bahena-González A, Cetina-Pérez L, Morales Vásquez F, Cano-Blanco C, Coronel-Martínez J, González-Ibarra E, Espinosa-Romero R, María Alvarez-Gómez R, Pedroza-Torres A, Castro-Eguiluz D. Clinical Benefits of Olaparib in Mexican Ovarian Cancer Patients With Founder Mutation BRCA1-Del ex9-12. Front Genet 2022; 13:863956. [PMID: 35734436 PMCID: PMC9207274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is gynecologic cancer with the highest mortality rate. It is estimated that 13–17% of ovarian cancers are due to heritable mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The BRCA1 (BRCA1-Del ex9-12) Mexican founder mutation is responsible for 28–35% of the cases with ovarian cancer. The aim was to describe the PFS of OC patients treated with olaparib, emphasizing patients carrying the Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1-Del ex9-12). Methods: In this observational study, of 107 patients with BRCAm, 35 patients were treated with olaparib from November 2016 to May 2021 at the Ovarian Cancer Program (COE) of Mexico; patient information was extracted from electronic medical records. Results: Of 311 patients, 107 (34.4%) were with BRCAm; 71.9% (77/107) were with BRCA1, of which 27.3% (21/77) were with BRCA1-Del ex9-12, and 28.1% (30/107) were with BRCA2 mutations. Only 35 patients received olaparib treatment, and the median follow-up was 12.87 months. The PFS of BRCA1-Del ex9-12 was NR (non-reach); however, 73% of the patients received the treatment at 36 vs. 11.59 months (95% CI; 10.43–12.75) in patients with other BRCAm (p = 0.008). Almost 50% of patients required dose reduction due to toxicity; the most frequent adverse events were hematological in 76.5% and gastrointestinal in 4%. Conclusion: Mexican OC BRCA1-Del ex9-12 patients treated with olaparib had a significant increase in PFS regardless of the line of treatment compared to other mutations in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Dolores Gallardo-Rincón,
| | - Edgar Montes-Servín
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alamilla-García
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Montes-Servín
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bahena-González
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucely Cetina-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Cervical Cancer Program (Micaela), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flavia Morales Vásquez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Blanco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Coronel-Martínez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto González-Ibarra
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel Espinosa-Romero
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Alvarez-Gómez
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Pedroza-Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrático CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denisse Castro-Eguiluz
- Cervical Cancer Program (Micaela), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrático CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Leite Rocha D, Ashton-Prolla P, Rosset C. Reviewing the occurrence of large genomic rearrangements in patients with inherited cancer predisposing syndromes: importance of a comprehensive molecular diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:319-346. [PMID: 35234551 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2049247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes are caused by germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes (CPG). The majority of pathogenic variants in CPGs are point mutations, but large gene rearrangements (LGRs) are present in several CPGs. LGRs can be much more difficult to characterize and perhaps they may have been neglected in molecular diagnoses. AREAS COVERED We aimed to evaluate the frequencies of germline LGRs in studies conducted in different populations worldwide through a qualitative systematic review based on an online literature research in PubMed. Two reviewers independently extracted data from published studies between 2009 and 2020. In total, 126 studies from 37 countries and 5 continents were included in the analysis. The number of studies in different continents ranged from 3 to 48 and for several countries there was an absolute lack of information. Asia and Europe represented most of the studies, and LGR frequencies varied from 3.04 to 15.06% in different continents. MLPA was one of the methods of choice in most studies (93%). EXPERT OPINION The LGR frequencies found in this review reinforce the need for comprehensive molecular testing regardless of the population of origin and should be considered by genetic counseling providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Leite Rocha
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ashton-Prolla
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Prédio 43312 M, CEP: 91501-970, Caixa Postal 1505, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clévia Rosset
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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7
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Herzog JS, Chavarri-Guerra Y, Castillo D, Abugattas J, Villarreal-Garza C, Sand S, Clague-Dehart J, Alvarez-Gómez RM, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Mohar A, Mora P, Del Toro-Valero A, Daneri-Navarro A, Rodriguez Y, Cruz-Correa M, Ashton-Prolla P, Alemar B, Mejia R, Gallardo L, Shaw R, Yang K, Cervantes A, Tsang K, Nehoray B, Barrera Saldana H, Neuhausen S, Weitzel JN. Genetic epidemiology of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated cancer across Latin America. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:107. [PMID: 34413315 PMCID: PMC8377150 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and contribution of BRCA1/2 (BRCA) pathogenic variants (PVs) to the cancer burden in Latin America are not well understood. This study aims to address this disparity. BRCA analyses were performed on prospectively enrolled Latin American Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network participants via a combination of methods: a Hispanic Mutation Panel (HISPANEL) on MassARRAY; semiconductor sequencing; and copy number variant (CNV) detection. BRCA PV probability was calculated using BRCAPRO. Among 1,627 participants (95.2% with cancer), we detected 236 (14.5%) BRCA PVs; 160 BRCA1 (31% CNVs); 76 BRCA2 PV frequency varied by country: 26% Brazil, 9% Colombia, 13% Peru, and 17% Mexico. Recurrent PVs (seen ≥3 times), some region-specific, represented 42.8% (101/236) of PVs. There was no ClinVar entry for 14% (17/125) of unique PVs, and 57% (111/196) of unique VUS. The area under the ROC curve for BRCAPRO was 0.76. In summary, we implemented a low-cost BRCA testing strategy and documented a significant burden of non-ClinVar reported BRCA PVs among Latin Americans. There are recurrent, population-specific PVs and CNVs, and we note that the BRCAPRO mutation probability model performs adequately. This study helps address the gap in our understanding of BRCA-associated cancer in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanin Chavarri-Guerra
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Hospital Zambrano Hellion TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, México
| | | | - Jessica Clague-Dehart
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- School of Community & Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alejandro Mohar
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pamela Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Azucena Del Toro-Valero
- Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, México City, México
| | - Adrian Daneri-Navarro
- Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, México City, México
| | | | - Marcia Cruz-Correa
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Alemar
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Roche Pharmaceutical, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robin Shaw
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Latin American School of Oncology (Escuela Latinoamericana de Oncología), Tuxla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
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Hinshaw JC, Zhao LP, Brimm JE, Payne TH, Hisama FM. Value of a genetics clinic evaluation in identifying women at risk for hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:1591-1597. [PMID: 33881185 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our work evaluates the contributions of a genetics clinic visit in assessing patients' risk of hereditary cancers and in meeting National Cancer Comprehensive Network (NCCN) criteria for genetic testing. We reviewed the electronic health records (EHR) of 56 women seen for medical care in our healthcare system who were subsequently seen in the Adult Genetics Clinic. We searched for all personal or family cancer history available in either free-text or structured form within the EHR prior to the genetics visit. For each patient, we then compared the aggregate data with the pedigree information obtained at the Genetics Clinic visit for first-, second-, and third-degree relatives. During the genetics clinic visit, the number of relatives with cancer diagnoses doubled from 121 to 235, and for 17 of 56 (30%) of patients, family histories changed one or more NCCN criteria. For 39/56 (70%) of patients, the family history in the EHR was not changed during the genetics clinic visit. Of 56 women referred to the genetics clinic, 45 (80%) met NCCN guidelines for testing, 40 women underwent genetic testing, and 9 of 40 (23%) tested were positive for a Likely Pathogenic or Pathogenic (LP/P) variant. This study of 56 women quantitatively demonstrates the value of a genetics clinic visit by improved identification of key family history components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Hinshaw
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lue-Ping Zhao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Brimm
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas H Payne
- Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Jain A, Sharma D, Bajaj A, Gupta V, Scaria V. Founder variants and population genomes-Toward precision medicine. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 107:121-152. [PMID: 33641745 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human migration and community specific cultural practices have contributed to founder events and enrichment of the variants associated with genetic diseases. While many founder events in isolated populations have remained uncharacterized, the application of genomics in clinical settings as well as for population scale studies in the recent years have provided an unprecedented push towards identification of founder variants associated with human health and disease. The discovery and characterization of founder variants could have far reaching implications not only in understanding the history or genealogy of the disease, but also in implementing evidence based policies and genetic testing frameworks. This further enables precise diagnosis and prevention in an attempt towards precision medicine. This review provides an overview of founder variants along with methods and resources cataloging them. We have also discussed the public health implications and examples of prevalent disease associated founder variants in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Jain
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Disha Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bajaj
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishu Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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