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Cavaleiro C, Afonso GJM, Oliveira PJ, Valero J, Mota SI, Ferreiro E. Urine-derived stem cells in neurological diseases: current state-of-the-art and future directions. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1229728. [PMID: 37965041 PMCID: PMC10642248 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1229728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have potential applications in the field of neurological diseases, as they allow for the development of new biological models. These models can improve our understanding of the underlying pathologies and facilitate the screening of new therapeutics in the context of precision medicine. Stem cells have also been applied in clinical tests to repair tissues and improve functional recovery. Nevertheless, although promising, commonly used stem cells display some limitations that curb the scope of their applications, such as the difficulty of obtention. In that regard, urine-derived cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, their obtaining can be challenging due to the low yield and complexity of the multi-phased and typically expensive differentiation protocols. As an alternative, urine-derived stem cells (UDSCs), included within the population of urine-derived cells, present a mesenchymal-like phenotype and have shown promising properties for similar purposes. Importantly, UDSCs have been differentiated into neuronal-like cells, auspicious for disease modeling, while overcoming some of the shortcomings presented by other stem cells for these purposes. Thus, this review assesses the current state and future perspectives regarding the potential of UDSCs in the ambit of neurological diseases, both for disease modeling and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra I. Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhang D, Wang G, Qin L, Liu Q, Zhu S, Ye S, Li X, Wu Y, Hu Y, Liu S, Jiao Y, Sun L, Lv D, Ma J, Luo M, Yao M, Li M, Zhou L, Pei S, Li L, Shi D, Huang B. Restoring mammary gland structures and functions with autogenous cell therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121075. [PMID: 34428734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In somatic cell reprogramming, cells must escape the somatic cell-specific gene expression program to adopt other cell fates. Here, in vitro chemical induction with RepSox generated chemically induced mammary epithelial cells (CiMECs) with milk secreting functions from goat ear fibroblasts (GEFs). Transplanted CiMECs regenerated the normal mammary gland structure with milk-secreting functions in nude mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that during the reprogramming process, GEFs may sequentially undergo embryonic ectoderm (EE)-like and different MEC developmental states and finally achieve milk secreting functions, bypassing the pluripotent state. Mechanistically, Smad3 upregulation induced by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor 1 (TGFβR1) downregulation led to GEF reprogramming into CiMECs without other reprogramming factors. The TGFβR1-Smad3 regulatory effects will provide new insight into the TGFβ signaling pathway regulation of somatic cell reprogramming. These findings suggest an innovative strategy for autogenous cell therapy for mammary gland defects and the production of transgenic mammary gland bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Liangshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Quanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yafei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Longfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Danwei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiawen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Man Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mengcheng Yao
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Mengmei Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Surui Pei
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Lanyu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
| | - Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Guo Y, Zhu H, Li X, Ma C, Li Y, Sun T, Wang Y, Wang C, Guan W, Liu C. RepSox effectively promotes the induced differentiation of sheep fibroblasts into adipocytes via the inhibition of the TGF‑β1/Smad pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:148. [PMID: 34132357 PMCID: PMC8208630 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that RepSox can function as a replacement for cMyc and Sox2 in the reprogramming of cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as increasing the levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-3 and inducing the phosphorylation of Smad1 in mouse embryonic stem cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that RepSox caused the visible morphological transformation of sheep fibroblasts; however, no significant alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis or chromosome aberrations were observed. Moreover, RepSox increased the plasticity of long-term cryopreserved sheep fibroblasts, and further promoted differentiation into adipocytes. RepSox treatment led to a notable decrease in the expression of components of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, particularly Smad2/3 phosphorylation. RepSox also activated the BMP pathway, promoted the reprogramming of cells from fibroblasts into adipocytes and induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition. It is worth noting that RepSox notably increased the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and L-Myc, whereas Sox2 and Nanog expression were not detected. The results of high-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that the levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in various metabolic processes were markedly upregulated in the RepSox-treated fibroblasts, while the DEGs in the majority of signaling pathways were markedly downregulated. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that RepSox can promote the plasticity of sheep fibroblasts and facilitates the differentiation of adipocytes via increasing BMP expression and inhibiting the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchen Li
- Institute of Beijing Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Beijing Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Chunjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Guan
- Institute of Beijing Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
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