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Del Campo CMZM, Nicolson GL, Sfera A. Neurolipidomics in schizophrenia: A not so well-oiled machine. Neuropharmacology 2024; 260:110117. [PMID: 39153730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Most patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) do not exhibit violent behaviors and are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of violent acts. However, a subgroup of forensic detainees with SCZ exhibit tendencies to engage in criminal violations. Although numerous models have been proposed, ranging from substance use, serotonin transporter gene, and cognitive dysfunction, the molecular underpinnings of violence in SCZ patients remains elusive. Lithium and clozapine have established anti-aggression properties and recent studies have linked low cholesterol levels and ultraviolet (UV) radiation with human aggression, while vitamin D3 reduces violent behaviors. A recent study found that vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, and zinc lower aggression in forensic population. In this review article, we take a closer look at aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the dysfunctional lipidome in neuronal membranes, with emphasis on cholesterol and vitamin D3 depletion, as sources of aggressive behavior. We also discuss modalities to increase the fluidity of neuronal double layer via membrane lipid replacement (MLR) and natural or synthetic compounds. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Personality Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, Loma Linda University, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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Ozaki T, Mikami K, Toyomaki A, Hashimoto N, Ito YM, Kusumi I. Assessment of electroencephalography modification by antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using frontier orbital theory: A preliminary study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023. [PMID: 36811149 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Schizophrenia is characterized by an abnormality in electroencephalography (EEG), which can be affected by antipsychotic drugs. Recently, the mechanism underlying these EEG alterations in schizophrenia patients was reframed from the perspective of redox abnormalities. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) can be calculated using a computational method and may be useful for evaluating the antioxidant/prooxidant effect of antipsychotic drugs. Thus, we examined the association between the effects of antipsychotic monotherapy on quantitative EEG and HOMO/LUMO energy. METHODS We used medical report data including EEG results of psychiatric patients admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital. We extracted the EEG records of patients diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder undergoing antipsychotic monotherapy during the natural course of treatment (n = 37). We evaluated the HOMO/LUMO energy of all antipsychotic drugs using computational methods. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the HOMO/LUMO energy of all antipsychotic drugs and spectral band power in all patients. Statistical significance was set at p < 6.25 × 10-4 adjusted with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS We showed that the HOMO energy of all antipsychotic drugs had weak positive correlations with delta- and gamma-band power (e.g., standardized β = 0.617 for delta in the F3 channel, p = 6.6 × 10-5 ; standardized β = 0.563 for gamma in the O1 channel, p = 5.0 × 10-4 ). CONCLUSION Although there may be unexpected bias and confounding factors, our findings suggest that the effect of antipsychotic drugs on EEG may be related to their antioxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of psychiatry, Koyogaoka Hospital, Abashiri, Japan
| | - Koichiro Mikami
- Department of material chemistry, Sagami Chemical Research Institute, Ayase, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Electronic properties and chemical reactivity of biogenic amine neurotransmitters in gas and solution phase: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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El-Sayed DS, Elbadawy HA, Khalil TE. Rational modulation of N and O binding in Fe(III) complex formation derived from hydroxychloroquine: Synthesis, spectroscopic, computational, and docking simulation with human thrombin plasma. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Goode-Romero G, Dominguez L, Martínez A. Electron Donor-Acceptor Properties of Different Muscarinic Ligands: On the Road to Control Schizophrenia. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5117-5124. [PMID: 34555904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that deteriorates perception, affection, and cognitive mental functions. The current treatments are mainly focused on the dopamine system, but the so-named dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia fails to explain all the symptoms. Previous studies have shown that there is a reciprocal relationship between muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and dopamine receptor function. Some muscarinic ligands show antidopaminergic activity, and therefore, they should have some antipsychotic efficacy. In this work, conceptual density functional theory is employed to analyze the properties of acetylcholine's agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists. The aim is to establish a classification of the antipsychotic-like or pro-psychotic activities of these molecules based on the electron-donor and electron-acceptor properties. Most of the agonists and antagonists are better electron donors and worse electron acceptors than partial agonists. We found that acetylcholine antagonists that clinically promote psychotic symptoms are good electron-donor molecules, and acetylcholine agonists that clinically relieve symptoms of psychosis are good electron donors. These results represent a further advance on the road to understanding the charge-transfer properties of drugs used as possible treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Goode-Romero
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Martínez A, García-Gutiérrez P, Zubillaga RA, Garza J, Vargas R. Main interactions of dopamine and risperidone with the dopamine D2 receptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14224-14230. [PMID: 34159983 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is one of the psychiatric disorders that is controlled by dopaminergic drugs such as antipsychotics that have affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2). In this investigation we perform quantum chemical calculations of two molecules [dopamine and risperidone] within a large cavity of DRD2 that represents the binding site of the receptor. Dopamine is an endogenous neurotransmitter and risperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic. Non-covalent interactions of dopamine and risperidone with DRD2 are analyzed using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and the Non-Covalent Interaction index (NCI). The QTAIM results show that these molecules strongly interact with the receptor. There are 22 non-covalent interactions for dopamine and 54 for risperidone. The electron density evaluated at each critical binding point is small in both systems but it is higher for dopamine than for risperidone, indicating that the interactions of DRD2 with the first are stronger than with the second molecule. However, the binding energy is higher for risperidone (-72.6 kcal mol-1) than for dopamine (-22.8 kcal mol-1). Thus, the strength of the binding energy is due to the number of contacts rather than the strength of the interactions themselves. This could be related to the ability of risperidone to block DRD2 and may explain the efficacy of this drug for controlling the symptoms of schizophrenia, but likewise its secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N., Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Ponciano García-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa. AP Postal 55-534, CP 09340, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rafael A Zubillaga
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa. AP Postal 55-534, CP 09340, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Garza
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa. AP Postal 55-534, CP 09340, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rubicelia Vargas
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa. AP Postal 55-534, CP 09340, CDMX, Mexico.
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Martínez A, Vargas R, Pérez-Figueroa SE, Ramos E. Copper and neurodegenerative disorders: potential drugs for possible successful treatment. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Analyzing the interaction energy between dopaminergic agents and DRD2: Is there any difference between risperidone (antagonist), aripiprazole (partial agonist) and pramipexole (agonist)? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Goode-Romero G, Winnberg U, Domínguez L, Ibarra IA, Vargas R, Winnberg E, Martínez A. New information of dopaminergic agents based on quantum chemistry calculations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21581. [PMID: 33299000 PMCID: PMC7725812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in a wide range of both locomotive and cognitive functions in humans. Disturbances on the dopaminergic system cause, among others, psychosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Antipsychotics are drugs that interact primarily with the dopamine receptors and are thus important for the control of psychosis and related disorders. These drugs function as agonists or antagonists and are classified as such in the literature. However, there is still much to learn about the underlying mechanism of action of these drugs. The goal of this investigation is to analyze the intrinsic chemical reactivity, more specifically, the electron donor-acceptor capacity of 217 molecules used as dopaminergic substances, particularly focusing on drugs used to treat psychosis. We analyzed 86 molecules categorized as agonists and 131 molecules classified as antagonists, applying Density Functional Theory calculations. Results show that most of the agonists are electron donors, as is dopamine, whereas most of the antagonists are electron acceptors. Therefore, a new characterization based on the electron transfer capacity is proposed in this study. This new classification can guide the clinical decision-making process based on the physiopathological knowledge of the dopaminergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Goode-Romero
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Ulrika Winnberg
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Industrial y Operaciones, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, Río, Hondo 1, Altavista, Álvaro Obregón, CP 01080, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura Domínguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rubicelia Vargas
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, AP Postal 55-534, CP 09340, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Elisabeth Winnberg
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stigbergsgatan 30, 116 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
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Castillo RM, Ramos E, Martínez A. Interaction of graphene with antipsychotic drugs: Is there any charge transfer process? J Comput Chem 2020; 42:60-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana M. Castillo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria CDMX Mexico
| | - Estrella Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria CDMX Mexico
| | - Ana Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria CDMX Mexico
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Pérez-Isidoro R, Costas M. The effect of neuroleptic drugs on DPPC/sphingomyelin/cholesterol membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 229:104913. [PMID: 32335028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic nature of neuroleptic drugs renders that these molecules interact not only with protein receptors, but also with the lipids constituting the membrane bilayer. We present a systematic study of the effect of seven neuroleptic drugs on a biomembrane model composed of DPPC, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were used to monitor the gel-fluid phase transition of the lipid bilayer at three pH values and also as a function of drug concentration. The implementation of a new methodology to mix lipids homogeneously allowed us to assemble bilayers completely free of organic solvents. The seven neuroleptics were: trifluoperazine, haloperidol decanoate, clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and amisulpride. The DSC results show that the insertion of the drug into the bilayer produces a fluidization and a disordering of the bilayer. The bilayer perturbation is qualitatively the same for all the studied drugs, but quantitatively different. The driving force for the neuroleptic drug to place itself in the lipid bilayer is entropic in nature, signaling to the importance of the size and geometry of the drugs. The drug protonated species produce stronger effects than their non-protonated forms. At high concentrations two of the neuroleptics revert the fluidization effect and another completely abolishes the gel-fluid transition. The DSC data and the associated discussion contribute to the understanding of the interactions between neuroleptic drugs and lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pérez-Isidoro
- Laboratorio de Bio-fisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, Mexico.
| | - M Costas
- Laboratorio de Bio-fisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, Mexico.
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Martinez A. Dopamine antagonists for the treatment of drug addiction: PF-4363467 and related compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.11.1.84-90.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction refers to an out-of-control and compulsive use of substances, which can reach epidemic magnitudes. It is a health concern throughout the world and has major economic impact. Dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists have been cited as molecular targets for the treatment of drug addiction. In this report, the main idea is to analyze the new D3R/D2R ligands that are proposed for the treatment of drug abuse, in terms of their electron donor/acceptor properties. Substances catalogued as agonists represent good electron donors, whereas antagonists represent good electron acceptors. HOMO and LUMO eigenvalues indicate that more energy is necessary to remove an electron from the antagonists, and likewise more energy is gained when antagonists accept an electron. The combination of two molecules (PF-592379 and PNU-177864) produces a new compound (PF-4363467) with properties that are intermediate. Irrespective of the characteristics of the receptor, the classification of ligands is important, in order to further understanding of the reaction mechanism of these compounds. This may help in the design of new molecules for the treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martinez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria. Coyoacan, CP 04510, CDMX, Mexico
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