1
|
Almeida Júnior ASD, Freitas Viana Leal MM, Marques DSC, Silva ALD, Souza Bezerra RD, Siqueira de Souza YF, Mendonça Silveira ME, Santos FA, Alves LC, de Lima Aires A, Cruz Filho IJD, do Carmo Alves de Lima M. Therapeutic potential of hydantoin and thiohydantoin compounds against Schistosoma mansoni: An integrated in vitro, DNA, ultrastructural, and ADMET in silico approach. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 260:111646. [PMID: 38950658 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to conduct in vitro biological assessments of hydantoin and thiohydantoin compounds against mature Schistosoma mansoni worms, evaluate their cytotoxic effects and predict their pharmacokinetic parameters using computational methods. The compounds showed low in vitro cytotoxicity and were not considered hemolytic. Antiparasitic activity against adult S. mansoni worms was tested with all compounds at concentrations ranging from 200 to 6.25 μM. Compounds SC01, SC02, and SC03 exhibited low activity. Compounds SC04, SC05, SC06 and SC07 caused 100 % mortality within 24 h of incubation at a concentration of 100 and 200 μM. Thiohydantoin SC04 exhibited the highest activity, resulting in 100 % mortality after 24 h of incubation at a concentration of 50 μM and IC50 of 28 µM. In the ultrastructural analysis (SEM), the compound SC04 (200 µM) induced integumentary changes, formation of integumentary blisters, and destruction of tubercles and spicules. Therefore, the SC04 compound shows promise as an antiparasitic against S. mansoni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Sérgio de Almeida Júnior
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Mayse Manuele Freitas Viana Leal
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-600, Brazil.
| | - Anekécia Lauro da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do Rio São Francisco (UNIVASF), Avenida da Amizade, s/n, Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA 48605-780, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Souza Bezerra
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do Rio São Francisco (UNIVASF), Avenida da Amizade, s/n, Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA 48605-780, Brazil
| | - Yandra Flaviana Siqueira de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do Rio São Francisco (UNIVASF), Avenida da Amizade, s/n, Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA 48605-780, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduardade Mendonça Silveira
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ab Santos
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Aires
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-600, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pinto AF, Nunes JS, Severino Martins JE, Leal AC, Silva CCVC, da Silva AJFS, da Cruz Olímpio DS, da Silva ETN, Campos TA, Lima Leite AC. Thiazole, Isatin and Phthalimide Derivatives Tested in vivo against Cancer Models: A Literature Review of the Last Six Years. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2991-3032. [PMID: 37170994 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230426154055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of cells and is the second leading cause of death in the world. The search for new effective and safe anticancer compounds is ongoing due to factors such as low selectivity, high toxicity, and multidrug resistance. Thus, heterocyclic compounds derived from isatin, thiazole and phthalimide that have achieved promising in vitro anticancer activity have been tested in vivo and in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE This review focused on the compilation of promising data from thiazole, isatin, and phthalimide derivatives, reported in the literature between 2015 and 2022, with in vivo anticancer activity and clinical trials. METHODS A bibliographic search was carried out in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER, and CAPES PERIODIC databases, selecting relevant works for each pharmacophoric group with in vivo antitumor activity in the last 6 years. RESULTS In our study, 68 articles that fit the scope were selected and critically analyzed. These articles were organized considering the type of antitumor activity and their year of publication. Some compounds reported here demonstrated potent antitumor activity against several tumor types. CONCLUSION This review allowed us to highlight works that reported promising structures for the treatment of various cancer types and also demonstrated that the privileged structures thiazole, isatin and phthalimide are important in the design of new syntheses and molecular optimization of compounds with antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferreira Pinto
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Janine Siqueira Nunes
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Severino Martins
- Regulatory Affairs Advisory, Empresa Brasileira de Hemoderivados e Biotecnologia (HEMOBRAS), CEP 51021-410, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Calazans Leal
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carla Cauanny Vieira Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson José Firmino Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daiane Santiago da Cruz Olímpio
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elineide Tayse Noberto da Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiers Araújo Campos
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva DVSPD, Nascimento PHDB, Rocha JVRD, Marques DSC, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Araújo HDAD, Cruz Filho IJD, Albuquerque MCPDA, Lima MDCAD, Aires ADL. In vitro activity, ultrastructural analysis and in silico pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET) of thiazole compounds against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106965. [PMID: 37295486 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to carry out in vitro biological assays of thiazole compounds against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni, as well as the in silico determination of pharmacokinetic parameters to predict the oral bioavailability of these compounds. In addition to presenting moderate to low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, thiazole compounds are not considered hemolytic. All compounds were initially tested at concentrations ranging from 200 to 6.25 μM against adult worms of S. mansoni parasites. The results showed the best activity of PBT2 and PBT5 at a concentration of 200 μM, which caused 100% mortality after 3 h of incubation. While at 6 h of exposure, 100% mortality was observed at the concentration of 100 µM. Subsequent studies with these same compounds allowed classifying PBT5, PBT2, PBT6 and PBT3 compounds, which were considered active and PBT1 and PBT4 compounds, which were considered inactive. In the ultrastructural analysis the compounds PBT2 and PBT5 (200 µM) promoted integumentary changes with exposure of the muscles, formation of integumentary blisters, integuments with abnormal morphology and destruction of tubercles and spicules. Therefore, the compounds PBT2 and PBT5 are promising antiparasitics against S. mansoni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Henrique do Bomfim Nascimento
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João Victor Ritinto da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Médicas - Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Aires
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Médicas - Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silveira GO, Coelho HS, Pereira ASA, Miyasato PA, Santos DW, Maciel LF, Olberg GGG, Tahira AC, Nakano E, Oliveira MLS, Amaral MS, Verjovski-Almeida S. Long non-coding RNAs are essential for Schistosoma mansoni pairing-dependent adult worm homeostasis and fertility. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011369. [PMID: 37146077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni causes schistosomiasis, which affects over 200 million people worldwide. Schistosomes are dioecious, with egg laying depending on the females' obligatory pairing with males. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with low or no protein-coding potential that have been involved in other species with reproduction, stem cell maintenance, and drug resistance. In S. mansoni, we recently showed that the knockdown of one lncRNA affects the pairing status of these parasites. Here, we re-analyzed public RNA-Seq data from paired and unpaired adult male and female worms and their gonads, obtained from mixed-sex or single-sex cercariae infections, and found thousands of differentially expressed pairing-dependent lncRNAs among the 23 biological samples that were compared. The expression levels of selected lncRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR using an in vitro unpairing model. In addition, the in vitro silencing of three selected lncRNAs showed that knockdown of these pairing-dependent lncRNAs reduced cell proliferation in adult worms and their gonads, and are essential for female vitellaria maintenance, reproduction, and/or egg development. Remarkably, in vivo silencing of each of the three selected lncRNAs significantly reduced worm burden in infected mice by 26 to 35%. Whole mount in situ hybridization experiments showed that these pairing-dependent lncRNAs are expressed in reproductive tissues. These results show that lncRNAs are key components intervening in S. mansoni adult worm homeostasis, which affects pairing status and survival in the mammalian host, thus presenting great potential as new therapeutic target candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert O Silveira
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena S Coelho
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana S A Pereira
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Miyasato
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daisy W Santos
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Maciel
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna G G Olberg
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Tahira
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Nakano
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo S Amaral
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In vitro evaluation of alkaline lignins as antiparasitic agents and their use as an excipient in the release of benznidazole. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123339. [PMID: 36682648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is considered the largest tropical timber reserve in the world. The management of native forests in the Amazon is one of the most sensitive geopolitical issues today, given its national and international dimension. In this work, we obtained and characterized physicochemical lignins extracted from branches and leaves of Protium puncticulatum and Scleronema micranthum. In addition, we evaluated in vitro its potential as an antioxidant, cytotoxic agent against animal cells and antiparasitic against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, trypomastigotes of T. cruzi and against Plasmodium falciparum parasites sensitive and resistant to chloroquine. The results showed that the lignins obtained are of the GSH type and have higher levels of guaiacyl units. However, they show structural differences as shown by spectroscopic analysis and radar charts. As for biological activities, they showed antioxidant potential and low cytotoxicity against animal cells. Antileishmanial/trypanocidal assays have shown that lignins can inhibit the growth of promastigotes and trypomastigotes in vitro. The lignins in this study showed low anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity against susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum and were able to inhibit the growth of the chloroquine-resistant strain. And were not able to inhibit the growth of Schistosoma mansoni parasites. Finally, lignins proved to be promising excipients in the release of benznidazole. These findings show the potential of these lignins not yet studied to promote different biological activities.
Collapse
|
6
|
de Souza IMM, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV, Fialho FLB, Carvalho DT, de Souza TB, Dias DF, Lavorato SN, Souza RLM, Marques MJ, Castro AP. In vitro and in silico evaluation of the schistosomicidal activity of eugenol derivatives using biochemical, molecular, and morphological tools. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20210108. [PMID: 35854812 PMCID: PMC9258719 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eugenol shows both antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, suggesting
that it might be evaluated as an option for the treatment of
praziquantel-resistant schistosome. Methods The in vitro activities of three eugenol derivatives (FB1,
FB4 and FB9) on adult worms from Schistosoma mansoni were
examined by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to analyze effects
on the excretory system and integument damage, respectively. Biochemical
tests with verapamil (a calcium channel antagonist) and ouabain (a
Na+/K+-ATPase pump inhibitor) were used to
characterize eugenol derivative interactions with calcium channels and the
Na+/K+-ATPase, while in silico
analysis identified potential Na+/K+-ATPase binding
sites. Results The compounds showed effective doses (ED50) of 0.324 mM (FB1),
0.167 mM (FB4), and 0.340 mM (FB9). In addition, FB4 (0.322 mM), which
showed the lowest ED50, ED90 and ED100 (p
< 0.05), caused the most damage to the excretory system and integument,
according to both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analysis.
The death of adult worms was delayed by ouabain treatment plus FB1 (192
versus 72 hours) and FB9 (192 versus
168 hours), but the response to FB4 was the same in the presence or absence
of ouabain. Besides, no changes were noted when all of the eugenol
derivatives were combined with verapamil. Moreover, FB1 and FB9 inhibited
Na+/K+-ATPase activity according to in
silico analysis but FB4 did not show a time-dependent
relationship and may act on targets other than the parasite Na+/K+-ATPase.
Conclusion Eugenol derivatives, mainly FB4 when compared to FB1 and FB9, seem to act
more effectively on the integument of adult S. mansoni
worms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Romulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia (Ufob), Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos José Marques
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira Castro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, University Center of Lavras (Unilavras), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alkyl 2-(2-(arylidene)alkylhydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates: Synthesis, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition and docking studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Petrou A, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazole Ring-A Biologically Active Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:3166. [PMID: 34070661 PMCID: PMC8198555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole is a good pharmacophore nucleus due to its various pharmaceutical applications. Its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic. Indeed, the thiazole scaffold is contained in more than 18 FDA-approved drugs as well as in numerous experimental drugs. OBJECTIVE To summarize recent literature on the biological activities of thiazole ring-containing compounds Methods: A literature survey regarding the topics from the year 2015 up to now was carried out. Older publications were not included, since they were previously analyzed in available peer reviews. RESULTS Nearly 124 research articles were found, critically analyzed, and arranged regarding the synthesis and biological activities of thiazoles derivatives in the last 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Three Small Molecule Entities (MPK18, MPK334 and YAK308) with Activity against Haemonchus contortus In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092819. [PMID: 34068691 PMCID: PMC8126080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to widespread multi-drug resistance in parasitic nematodes of livestock animals, there is an urgent need to discover new anthelmintics with distinct mechanisms of action. Extending previous work, here we screened a panel of 245 chemically-diverse small molecules for anti-parasitic activity against Haemonchus contortus—an economically important parasitic nematode of livestock. This panel was screened in vitro against exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3) of H. contortus using an established phenotypic assay, and the potency of select compounds to inhibit larval motility and development assessed in dose-response assays. Of the 245 compounds screened, three—designated MPK18, MPK334 and YAK308—induced non-wildtype larval phenotypes and repeatedly inhibited xL3-motility, with IC50 values of 45.2 µM, 17.1 µM and 52.7 µM, respectively; two also inhibited larval development, with IC50 values of 12.3 µM (MPK334) and 6.5 µM (YAK308), and none of the three was toxic to human liver cells (HepG2). These findings suggest that these compounds deserve further evaluation as nematocidal candidates. Future work should focus on structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of these chemical scaffolds, and assess the in vitro and in vivo efficacies and safety of optimised compounds against adults of H. contortus.
Collapse
|
10
|
Radicicol, a Novel Lead Compound against the Migratory-Stage Schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.01781-20. [PMID: 33361311 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01781-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis poses a serious threat to human health and remains a major tropical and parasitic disease in more than 70 countries. Praziquantel (PZQ) has been the primary treatment for schistosomiasis for nearly 4 decades. However, its efficacy against migratory-stage schistosomula is limited. Radicicol (RAD), a β-resorcylic acid lactone derived from Paecilomyces sp. strain SC0924, was investigated as an alternative treatment for Schistosoma japonicum In vitro tests showed that within 72 h, RAD (10 μmol/liter) completely killed schistosomula of both skin and liver stages with an efficacy significantly higher than that of PZQ, although it was less potent against adult worms than PZQ. In vivo, RAD reduced worm burdens and liver eggs by 91.18% and 86.01%, respectively, by killing migratory-stage schistosomula. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that RAD damaged the epiderm and tegument morphology of S. japonicum worms at various stages and altered their motility to different degrees. RAD exhibited schistosomicidal effects at different stages in vitro and in vivo, especially at the migratory stage, implying that its mechanism could be different from that of PZQ. Collectively, these results showed that RAD is promising as a lead for the development of drugs to control the migratory-stage schistosomula of S. japonicum.
Collapse
|
11
|
Long non-coding RNA levels can be modulated by 5-azacytidine in Schistosoma mansoni. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21565. [PMID: 33299037 PMCID: PMC7725772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is a flatworm that causes schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. There is only one drug indicated for treatment, praziquantel, which may lead to parasite resistance emergence. The ribonucleoside analogue 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) is an epigenetic drug that inhibits S. mansoni oviposition and ovarian development through interference with parasite transcription, translation and stem cell activities. Therefore, studying the downstream pathways affected by 5-AzaC in S. mansoni may contribute to the discovery of new drug targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with low or no protein coding potential that have been involved in reproduction, stem cell maintenance and drug resistance. We have recently published a catalog of lncRNAs expressed in S. mansoni life-cycle stages, tissues and single cells. However, it remains largely unknown if lncRNAs are responsive to epigenetic drugs in parasites. Here, we show by RNA-Seq re-analyses that hundreds of lncRNAs are differentially expressed after in vitro 5-AzaC treatment of S. mansoni females, including intergenic, antisense and sense lncRNAs. Many of these lncRNAs belong to co-expression network modules related to male metabolism and are also differentially expressed in unpaired compared with paired females and ovaries. Half of these lncRNAs possess histone marks at their genomic loci, indicating regulation by histone modification. Among a selected set of 8 lncRNAs, half of them were validated by RT-qPCR as differentially expressed in females, and some of them also in males. Interestingly, these lncRNAs are also expressed in other life-cycle stages. This study demonstrates that many lncRNAs potentially involved with S. mansoni reproductive biology are modulated by 5-AzaC and sheds light on the relevance of exploring lncRNAs in response to drug treatments in parasites.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mena-Rejón G, Pérez-Navarro Y, Torres-Romero JC, Vázquez-Carrillo L, Carballo RM, Arreola R, Herrera-España Á, Arana-Argáez V, Quijano-Quiñones R, Fernández-Sánchez JM, Alvarez-Sánchez ME. Antitrichomonal activity and docking analysis of thiazole derivatives as TvMP50 protease inhibitors. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:233-241. [PMID: 33073325 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection that affects over 170 million people worldwide. The only type of drug recommended for the therapeutic control of trichomoniasis is the 5-nitroimidazoles, although there have been reports of some undesirable side effects and clinical resistance. Hence, the need for the search for new tricomonicidal agents is necessary. In a previous work, we demonstrated that two 2-amino-4-aryl thiazole derivatives (ATZ-1 and ATZ-2) possess a portent antigiardial effect. In the current paper, we investigated the in vitro antitrichomonal activity of these thiazole compounds. Both ATZ-1 and ATZ-2 reduced the viability and growth of parasites in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 0.15 μg/mL and 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both thiazole compounds were able to decrease the proteolytic activity in T. vaginalis trophozoites compared with untreated parasites. Interestingly, a full proteolytic inhibition profile was observed in the 50-kDa region which was associated with the decreased expression of the gene that codes for the trichomonad protease TvMP50. The docking simulations predicted strong interactions of the thiazole compounds in the TvMP50 protease's active site, suggesting a possible role as protease inhibitors. Our results demonstrate the potential of 2-amino-4-aryl thiazole derivatives as trichomonicidal compounds and could be, mechanistically, involved in the inhibition of key trichomonad proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Mena-Rejón
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Yussel Pérez-Navarro
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo # 290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, México City, México
| | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Laura Vázquez-Carrillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo # 290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, México City, México
| | - Rubén M Carballo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rodrigo Arreola
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry, Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, México City, DF, México
| | - Ángel Herrera-España
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Victor Arana-Argáez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ramiro Quijano-Quiñones
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jose Manuel Fernández-Sánchez
- División de Ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Avenida Tecnológico S/N, Colonia Valle de Anahuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo # 290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, México City, México.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Therapeutic efficacy of a newly synthesized benzimidazole compound BTP-OH against murine schistosomiasis mansoni. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e172. [PMID: 32665046 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Because of the increasingly emerging praziquantel resistance, there is a crucial need to develop new anti-schistosomal agents. This work was conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a new benzimidazole compound (BTP-OH) in mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. A total of 40 Swiss albino female mice were divided into an infected untreated group and three infected treated groups (using praziquantel and BTP-OH). The compound activity was evaluated through parasitological, histopathological and scanning electron microscopy studies. Praziquantel and BTP-OH at both doses significantly reduced male (75%, 42.67% and 61.08%, respectively), female (71.45%, 48.94% and 68.13%, respectively) and total worm burden (75.21%, 42.42% and 62.28%, respectively), as well as tissue egg load in the liver (71.22%, 42.12% and 66.04%, respectively). In oogram, praziquantel significantly increased the percentage of dead eggs (65.89%), while BTP-OH significantly reduced the percentage of immature eggs (30.43% and 19.64%). BTP-OH significantly diminished granuloma count (33.87% and 44.77%) and diameter (39.23% and 49.40%), and caused ultrastructural changes in the tegument of adult schistosomes. This study provides evidence for the schistosomicidal efficacy of BTP-OH. However, future studies are needed to elucidate the full mechanisms of action and effects of BTP-OH on other human schistosomes.
Collapse
|