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Lee K, Noh E, Moon SJ, Joo YY, Kang EJ, Seo JH, Park IH. Statin use in patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with everolimus and exemestane. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5461-5470. [PMID: 36263515 PMCID: PMC10028110 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the effect of statins in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer treated with everolimus + exemestane (EverX). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance database with patients who received EverX for metastatic breast cancer between 2011 and 2019. RESULTS Of 224,948 patients diagnosed with breast cancer, 1749 patients who received EverX for at least 30 days were included. Among them, 500 (28.6%) patients were found to take statins with EverX treatment (statin group), and the median duration of this combination was 5.36 months. The median time to treatment duration (TTD) for EverX and the overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in the statin group than in the no-statin group [7.69 vs. 5.06 months, p < 0.001; 45.7 vs. 26.0 months, p < 0.001, respectively]. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed that the use of statins was associated with prolonged TTD [HR = 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59-0.77)] and OS [HR = 0.57 (95% CI, 0.46-0.70)] for EverX even after adjustment for other covariates. CONCLUSION Statins may have synergistic effects with endocrine therapy with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, and improve survival in patients with HR+ metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Lee
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Noh
- Smart Healthcare Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joo Moon
- Smart Healthcare Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun Joo Kang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hae Park
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xiao HY, Chai JY, Fang YY, Lai YS. The spatial-temporal risk profiling of Clonorchis sinensis infection over 50 years implies the effectiveness of control programs in South Korea: a geostatistical modeling study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 33:100697. [PMID: 36817868 PMCID: PMC9932111 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Over the past 50 years, two national control programs on Clonorchis sinensis infection have been conducted in South Korea. Spatial-temporal profiles of infection risk provide useful information on assessing the effectiveness of the programs and planning spatial-targeted control strategies. Methods Advanced Bayesian geostatistical joint models with spatial-temporal random effects were developed to analyze disease data collecting by a systematic review with potential influencing factors, and to handle issues of preferential sampling and data heterogeneities. Changes of the infection risk were analyzed. Findings We presented the first spatial-temporal risk maps of C. sinensis infection at 5 × 5 km2 resolution from 1970 to 2020 in South Korea. Moderate-to-high risk areas were shrunk, but temporal variances were shown in different areas. The population-adjusted estimated prevalence across the country was 5.99% (95% BCI: 5.09-7.01%) in 1970, when the first national deworming campaign began. It declined to 3.95% (95% BCI: 2.88-3.95%) in 1995, when the campaign suspended, and increased to 4.73% (95% BCI: 4.00-5.42%) in 2004, just before the Clonorchiasis Eradication Program (CEP). The population-adjusted prevalence was estimated at 2.77% (95% BCI: 1.67-4.34%) in 2020, 15 years after CEP started, corresponding to 1.42 (95% BCI: 0.85-2.23) million infected people. Interpretation The first nationwide campaign and the CEP showed effectiveness on control of C. sinensis infection. Moderate-to-high risk areas identified by risk maps should be prioritized for control and intervention. Funding The National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 82073665) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (project no. 2022A1515010042).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Xiao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Yue-Yi Fang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying-Si Lai
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China,Corresponding author. Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
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Bao M, Cipriani P, Giulietti L, Alam MA, Palomba M, Mattiucci S, Levsen A. Ascaridoid nematodes infecting commercially important marine fish and squid species from Bangladesh waters in the Bay of Bengal. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 27:e00157. [PMID: 35518125 PMCID: PMC9065311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic ascaridoid nematodes occur in a wide range of marine organisms across the globe. Some species of the anisakid family (Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae) can cause gastrointestinal disease in humans (i. e. anisakidosis). Despite their importance as potentially hazardous parasites, the occurrence and infection characteristics of ascaridoids are still poorly known from many host species and geographical areas. This study investigated the diversity and infection levels of ascaridoid parasites in various commercial fish and squid host species off Bangladesh. Fish and squid specimens were visually inspected for nematodes using the UV-press method. Nematodes were assigned to genus level based on morphology and identified by sequence analyses of the entire ITS region and partial 28S rDNA and mtDNA cox2 genes. Third-stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis typica occurred at low prevalence (P = 10% and 8%, respectively) in the viscera of Selar crumenophthalmus and Trichiurus lepturus, while Hysterothylacium amoyense occurred in the viscera of Sardinella fimbriata (P = 1%) and the viscera and muscle of Harpadon nehereus (P = 32%) and T. lepturus (P = 76%). Lappetascaris sp. Type A L3 occurred in the mantle of the squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii (P = 11%). Anisakis and Lappetascaris species, and H. amoyense were firstly identified in the Bay of Bengal. The potentially zoonotic A. typica was only found in fish viscera. Hysterothylacium amoyense and Lappetascaris sp., both generally regarded as non-zoonotic, occurred at low prevalence in the muscle or mantle of fish or squid, respectively. Since consumption of raw or lightly processed seafood seems to be rare in Bangladesh, the risk of acquiring anisakidosis from consuming fishery products from off Bangladesh appears to be low. Due to its reddish appearance, the visual presence of H. amoyense larvae in fish flesh may represent a food quality issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bao
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Paolo Cipriani
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, "Sapienza-University of Rome", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Giulietti
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Marialetizia Palomba
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, "Sapienza-University of Rome", Rome, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, "Sapienza-University of Rome", Rome, Italy
| | - Arne Levsen
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
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Choi JH, Kim JY, Yi MH, Kim M, Yong TS. Anisakis pegreffii Extract Induces Airway Inflammation with Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2522305. [PMID: 34580637 PMCID: PMC8464433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2522305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the respiratory system to the Anisakis pegreffii L3 crude extract (AE) induces airway inflammation; however, the mechanism underlying this inflammatory response remains unknown. AE contains allergens that promote allergic inflammation; exposure to AE may potentially lead to asthma. In this study, we aimed to establish a murine model to assess the effects of AE on characteristic features of chronic asthma, including airway hypersensitivity (AHR), airway inflammation, and airway remodeling. Mice were sensitized for five consecutive days each week for 4 weeks. AHR, lung inflammation, and airway remodeling were evaluated 24 h after the last exposure. Lung inflammation and airway remodeling were assessed from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). To confirm the immune response in the lungs, changes in gene expression in the lung tissue were assessed with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The levels of IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a in blood and cytokine levels in the BALF, splenocyte, and lung lymph node (LLN) culture supernatant were measured with ELISA. An increase in AHR was prominently observed in AE-exposed mice. Epithelial proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the BALF and lung tissue sections. Collagen deposition was detected in lung tissues. AE exposure increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in the lung, as well as the levels of antibodies specific to AE. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were upregulated only in LLN. These findings indicate that an increase in IL-4+ CD4+ T cells in the LLN and splenocyte resulted in increased Th2 response to AE exposure. Exposure of the respiratory system to AE resulted in an increased allergen-induced Th2 inflammatory response and AHR through accumulation of inflammatory and IL-4+ CD4+ T cells and collagen deposition. It was confirmed that A. pegreffii plays an essential role in causing asthma in mouse models and has the potential to cause similar effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-hee Yi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjun Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Spectrum of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis: An analysis of 685 cases diagnosed over 22 years. J Infect 2020; 82:150-158. [PMID: 33017628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paragonimiasis is a global foodborne zoonosis. Overlapping clinical and imaging features with other lung pathologies hamper correct diagnosis and require differential diagnosis. METHODS During 1982-2003, 49,012 samples were referred for immunodiagnosis of helminthiases. We detected paragonimiasis cases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We assessed clinical, radiographical and laboratory characteristics, and diagnostic dilemmas associated with delayed diagnosis. RESULTS We analyzed 685 pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis cases. ELISA-positive was 665. Eggs were detected in 50. Symptom duration correlated well with the appearance of chest radiographs; 359 pleural, 33 pleuroparenchymal, and 264 parenchymal lesions (P < 0.001). Twenty-nine had normal chest images. Eosinophilia, seen in 304, was common in pleural and pleuroparenchymal patients (P < 0.05). Chest pain and dyspnea were characteristic for pleurisy patients. Sputum (odds ratios [OR]: 6.79; 95% CI: 4.41-10.47), blood-tinged sputum (OR: 5.62; 95% CI: 3.75-8.42), and foul-odor (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.42-5.16) were significant in parenchymal patients. Delayed diagnosis (119) for ≥ 25 weeks was attributed mainly to misdiagnosis as tuberculosis, malignancy, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 111.75; 95% CI: 43.25-288.74). CONCLUSIONS Variable symptoms and radiographs of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis depended on the stage of infection. Suspicion of tuberculosis, malignancy, or COPD was major cause of delayed diagnosis.
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