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Ahlin R, Josefsson A, Nybacka S, Landberg R, Stranne J, Steineck G, Hedelin M. Effects of a Phytoestrogen Intervention and Estrogen Receptor β Genotype on Prostate Cancer Proliferation and PSA Concentrations-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutr Cancer 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39340410 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2407007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
A phytoestrogen-rich diet has been suggested to reduce tumor proliferation among men with prostate cancer, and the effect may differ between men with different polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor-beta gene (ERβ). Patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy were randomized to an intervention group (n = 71) provided with soybeans and flaxseeds (∼200 mg phytoestrogens/day) to eat until surgery (approximately 6 wk) or to a control group (n = 69). Tumor proliferation was assessed using Ki-67 indexes, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations were analyzed in blood, and ERβ polymorphism was genotyped in all subjects. The intervention group had a 13% unit lower risk [95% confidence interval (CI): -28%, 1.8%] of a higher Ki-67 index compared to controls, but the effect was most pronounced among TT carriers of ERβ [risk difference (RD) -19%, 95% CI: -45%, 6.8%]. Subjects with genotype TC/CC had a lower risk (RD -29%, 95% CI: -46%, -1.2%) and TT genotype a higher risk (RD 25%, 95% CI: 8.7%, 42%) of increased PSA concentration, comparing the intervention group to controls. In conclusion, a phytoestrogen-rich diet may cause lower tumor proliferation and concentration of PSA in men with prostate cancer with a specific genetic upset of ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ahlin
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cancer Rehabilitation, Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Josefsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Diagnostics and Interventions, Urology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sanna Nybacka
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Stranne
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedelin
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Gillen AD, Hunter I, Ullner E, McEwan IJ. Mechanistic insights into steroid hormone-mediated regulation of the androgen receptor gene. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304183. [PMID: 39088439 PMCID: PMC11293711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Expression of the androgen receptor is key to the response of cells and tissues to androgenic steroids, such as testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, as well as impacting the benefit of hormone-dependent therapies for endocrine diseases and hormone-dependent cancers. However, the mechanisms controlling androgen receptor expression are not fully understood, limiting our ability to effectively promote or inhibit androgenic signalling therapeutically. An autoregulatory loop has been described in which androgen receptor may repress its own expression in the presence of hormone, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this work, we elucidate the mechanisms of autoregulation and demonstrate, for the first time, that a similar repression of the AR gene is facilitated by the progesterone receptor. We show that the progesterone receptor, like the androgen receptor binds to response elements within the AR gene to effect transcriptional repression in response to hormone treatment. Mechanistically, this repression involves hormone-dependent histone deacetylation within the AR 5'UTR region and looping between sequences in intron 2 and the transcription start site (TSS). This novel pathway controlling AR expression in response to hormone stimulation may have important implications for understanding cell or tissue selective receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Gillen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Hunter
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ekkehard Ullner
- Department of Physics, Institute of Complex Sciences and Mathematical Biology University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Iain J. McEwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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3
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Gray JS, Wani SA, Hussain S, Huang P, Nayak D, Long MD, Yates C, Clinton SK, Bennet CE, Coss CC, Campbell MJ. The MYC axis in advanced prostate cancer is impacted through concurrent targeting of ERβ and AR using a novel ERβ-selective ligand alongside Enzalutamide. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567282. [PMID: 38014010 PMCID: PMC10680693 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We have dissected the role of Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in prostate cancer (PCa) with a novel ERβ ligand, OSU-ERb-12. Drug screens revealed additive interactions between OSU-ERB-12 and either epigenetic inhibitors or the androgen receptor antagonist, Enzalutamide (Enza). Clonogenic and cell biolody studies supported the potent additive effects of OSU-ERB-12 (100nM) and Enza (1μM). The cooperative behavior was in PCa cell lines treated with either OSU-ERB-12 plus Enza or combinations involving 17β-estradiol (E2). OSU-ERb-12 plus Enza uniquely impacted the transcriptiome, accessible chromatin, and the AR, MYC and H3K27ac cistromes. This included skewed transcriptional responses including suppression of the androgen and MYC transcriptomes, and repressed MYC protein. OSU-ERb-12 plus Enza uniquely impacted chromatin accessibility at approximately 3000 nucleosome-free sites, enriched at enhancers, enriched for basic Helix-Loop-Helix motifs. CUT&RUN experiments revealed combination treatment targeting of MYC, AR, and H3K27ac again shaping enhancer accessibility. Specifically, it repressed MYC interactions at enhancer regions enriched for bHLH motifs, and overlapped with publicly-available bHLH cistromes. Finally, cistrome-transcriptome analyses identified ~200 genes that distinguished advanced PCa tumors in the SU2C cohort with high androgen and low neuroendocrine scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie S. Gray
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- College of Medicine; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sajad A. Wani
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Board of Governors Innovation Center; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Phoebe Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Debasis Nayak
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- College of Medicine; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chad E. Bennet
- Drug Development Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Drug Development Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Board of Governors Innovation Center; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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Yan S, Wang J, Chen H, Zhang D, Imam M. Divergent features of ERβ isoforms in triple negative breast cancer: progress and implications for further research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240386. [PMID: 37936981 PMCID: PMC10626554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) was discovered more than 20 years ago. However, the extent and role of ERβ expression in breast cancer remain controversial, especially in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ERβ exists as multiple isoforms, and a series of studies has revealed an inconsistent role of ERβ isoforms in TNBC. Our recent results demonstrated contrasting functions of ERβ1 and ERβ2/β5 in TNBC. Additional research should be conducted to explore the functions of individual ERβ isoforms and develop targeted drugs according to the relevant mechanisms. Consequently, a systematic review of ERβ isoforms is necessary. In this review, we overview the structure of ERβ isoforms and detail what is known about the function of ERβ isoforms in normal mammary tissue and breast cancer. Moreover, this review highlights the divergent features of ERβ isoforms in TNBC. This review also provides insights into the implications of targeting ERβ isoforms for clinical treatment. In conclusion, this review provides a framework delineating the roles and mechanisms of different ERβ isoforms in TNBC and sheds light on future directions for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Belluti S, Imbriano C, Casarini L. Nuclear Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: From Genes to Function. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4653. [PMID: 37760622 PMCID: PMC10526871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are almost ubiquitous steroid hormones that are essential for development, metabolism, and reproduction. They exert both genomic and non-genomic action through two nuclear receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are transcription factors with disregulated functions and/or expression in pathological processes. In the 1990s, the discovery of an additional membrane estrogen G-protein-coupled receptor augmented the complexity of this picture. Increasing evidence elucidating the specific molecular mechanisms of action and opposing effects of ERα and Erβ was reported in the context of prostate cancer treatment, where these issues are increasingly investigated. Although new approaches improved the efficacy of clinical therapies thanks to the development of new molecules targeting specifically estrogen receptors and used in combination with immunotherapy, more efforts are needed to overcome the main drawbacks, and resistance events will be a challenge in the coming years. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art on ERα and ERβ mechanisms of action in prostate cancer and promising future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
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6
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Liao W, Sui X, Hou G, Yang M, Lin Y, Lu J, Yang Q. Trends in estrogen and progesterone receptors in prostate cancer: a bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1111296. [PMID: 37361598 PMCID: PMC10288854 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bibliometric analysis aims to identify research trends in estrogen receptor (ERs) and progesterone receptor (PRs) in prostate cancer (PCa), and also discuss the hotspots and directions of this field. Methods 835 publications were sourced from the Web of Science database (WOS) from 2003 to 2022. Citespace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix were used for the bibliometric analysis. Results The number of published publications increased in early years, but declined in the last 5 years. The United States was the leading country in citations, publications, and top institutions. Prostate and Karolinska Institutet were the most publications of journal and institution, respectively. Jan-Ake Gustafsson was the most influential author based on the number of citations/publications. The most cited paper was "Estrogen receptors and human disease" by Deroo BJ, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. The most frequently used keywords were PCa (n = 499), gene-expression (n = 291), androgen receptor (AR) (n = 263), and ER (n = 341), while ERb (n = 219) and ERa (n = 215) further emphasized the importance of ER. Conclusions This study provides useful guidance that ERa antagonists, ERb agonists, and the combination of estrogen with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) will potentially serve as a new treatment strategy for PCa. Another interesting topic is relationships between PCa and the function and mechanism of action of PRs subtypes. The outcome will assist scholars in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the current status and trends in the field, and provide inspiration for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuxia Sui
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Gaoming Hou
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuxue Lin
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingtao Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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7
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Ramesh S, Selvakumar P, Ameer MY, Lian S, Abdullah Alzarooni AIM, Ojha S, Mishra A, Tiwari A, Kaushik A, Jung YD, Chouaib S, Lakshmanan VK. State-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1059441. [PMID: 36969009 PMCID: PMC10035756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies is on the increase for prostate cancer stem cells, owing to current standardized therapies for prostate cancer, including chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, and surgery, often failing because of tumor relapse ability. Ultimately, tumor relapse develops into advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes an irreversible and systemic disease. Hence, early identification of the intracellular components and molecular networks that promote prostate cancer is crucial for disease management and therapeutic intervention. One of the potential therapeutic methods for aggressive prostate cancer is to target prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which appear to be a primary focal point of cancer metastasis and recurrence and are resistant to standardized therapies. PCSCs have also been documented to play a major role in regulating tumorigenesis, sphere formation, and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer with their stemness features. Therefore, the current review highlights the origin and identification of PCSCs and their role in anti-androgen resistance, as well as stemness-related signaling pathways. In addition, the review focuses on the current advanced therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs that are helping to prevent prostate cancer initiation and progression, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), nanotechnology, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing system, and photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ramesh
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Selvakumar
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Yazeer Ameer
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan,
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8
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Oku Y, Madia F, Lau P, Paparella M, McGovern T, Luijten M, Jacobs MN. Analyses of Transcriptomics Cell Signalling for Pre-Screening Applications in the Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112718. [PMID: 36361516 PMCID: PMC9659232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With recent rapid advancement of methodological tools, mechanistic understanding of biological processes leading to carcinogenesis is expanding. New approach methodologies such as transcriptomics can inform on non-genotoxic mechanisms of chemical carcinogens and can be developed for regulatory applications. The Organisation for the Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) expert group developing an Integrated Approach to the Testing and Assessment (IATA) of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens (NGTxC) is reviewing the possible assays to be integrated therein. In this context, we review the application of transcriptomics approaches suitable for pre-screening gene expression changes associated with phenotypic alterations that underlie the carcinogenic processes for subsequent prioritisation of downstream test methods appropriate to specific key events of non-genotoxic carcinogenesis. Using case studies, we evaluate the potential of gene expression analyses especially in relation to breast cancer, to identify the most relevant approaches that could be utilised as (pre-) screening tools, for example Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We also consider how to address the challenges to integrate gene panels and transcriptomic assays into the IATA, highlighting the pivotal omics markers identified for assay measurement in the IATA key events of inflammation, immune response, mitogenic signalling and cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oku
- The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2 Rue Andre Pascal, 75016 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (Y.O.); (M.N.J.)
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Pierre Lau
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Martin Paparella
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innbruck, Austria
| | - Timothy McGovern
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20901, USA
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazard (CRCE), Public Health England (PHE), Chilton OX11 0RQ, Oxfordshire, UK
- Correspondence: (Y.O.); (M.N.J.)
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9
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Jiménez N, Reig Ò, Marín-Aguilera M, Aversa C, Ferrer-Mileo L, Font A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Climent MÁ, Cros S, Chirivella I, Domenech M, Figols M, González-Billalabeitia E, Jiménez Peralta D, Rodríguez-Carunchio L, García-Esteve S, Garcia de Herreros M, Ribal MJ, Prat A, Mellado B. Transcriptional Profile Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation and Docetaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194757. [PMID: 36230681 PMCID: PMC9564355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and docetaxel (DX) combination is a standard therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients. (2) Methods: We investigate if tumor transcriptomic analysis predicts mHSPC evolution in a multicenter retrospective biomarker study. A customized panel of 184 genes was tested in mRNA from tumor samples by the nCounter platform in 125 mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX. Gene expression was correlated with castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS) and overall survival (OS). (3) Results: High expression of androgen receptor (AR) signature was independently associated with longer CRPC-FS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–0.9; p = 0.015), high expression of estrogen receptor (ESR) signature with longer CRPC-FS (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9; p = 0.019) and OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–0.9, p = 0.024), and lower expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) (RB1, PTEN and TP53) with shorter OS (HR 2, 95% CI 1–3.8; p = 0.044). ARV7 expression was independently associated with shorter CRPC-FS (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1, p = 0.008) and OS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6, p = 0.004), high ESR2 was associated with longer OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–1, p = 0.048) and low expression of RB1 was independently associated with shorter OS (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2, p = 0.014). (4) Conclusions: AR, ESR, and TSG expression signatures, as well as ARV7, RB1, and ESR2 expression, have a prognostic value in mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jiménez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Reig
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín-Aguilera
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caterina Aversa
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer-Mileo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Font
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Climent
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Cros
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General de Granollers, 08402 Granollers, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Mariona Figols
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundació Althaia Manresa, 08243 Manresa, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Jiménez Peralta
- Urology Department, Hospital General Universitario José M. Morales Meseguer, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez-Carunchio
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel García-Esteve
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia de Herreros
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J. Ribal
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Mellado
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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10
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Mejía-Hernández JO, Keam SP, Saleh R, Muntz F, Fox SB, Byrne D, Kogan A, Pang L, Huynh J, Litchfield C, Caramia F, Lozano G, He H, You JM, Sandhu S, Williams SG, Haupt Y, Haupt S. Modelling aggressive prostate cancers of young men in immune-competent mice, driven by isogenic Trp53 alterations and Pten loss. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:777. [PMID: 36075907 PMCID: PMC9465983 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding prostate cancer onset and progression in order to rationally treat this disease has been critically limited by a dire lack of relevant pre-clinical animal models. We have generated a set of genetically engineered mice that mimic human prostate cancer, initiated from the gland epithelia. We chose driver gene mutations that are specifically relevant to cancers of young men, where aggressive disease poses accentuated survival risks. An outstanding advantage of our models are their intact repertoires of immune cells. These mice provide invaluable insight into the importance of immune responses in prostate cancer and offer scope for studying treatments, including immunotherapies. Our prostate cancer models strongly support the role of tumour suppressor p53 in functioning to critically restrain the emergence of cancer pathways that drive cell cycle progression; alter metabolism and vasculature to fuel tumour growth; and mediate epithelial to mesenchymal-transition, as vital to invasion. Importantly, we also discovered that the type of p53 alteration dictates the specific immune cell profiles most significantly disrupted, in a temporal manner, with ramifications for disease progression. These new orthotopic mouse models demonstrate that each of the isogenic hotspot p53 amino acid mutations studied (R172H and R245W, the mouse equivalents of human R175H and R248W respectively), drive unique cellular changes affecting pathways of proliferation and immunity. Our findings support the hypothesis that individual p53 mutations confer their own particular oncogenic gain of function in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Octavio Mejía-Hernández
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,Present Address: Telix Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3051 Australia
| | - Simon P. Keam
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1135.60000 0001 1512 2287Present Address: CSL Innovation, CSL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Reem Saleh
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Fenella Muntz
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - David Byrne
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Arielle Kogan
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Lokman Pang
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Cassandra Litchfield
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hua He
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - James M. You
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Scott G. Williams
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,Present Address: Vittail Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3146 Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
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11
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Gadkar S, Thakur M, Desouza J, Bhowmick S, Patel V, Chaudhari U, Acharya KK, Sachdeva G. Estrogen receptor expression is modulated in human and mouse prostate epithelial cells during cancer progression. Steroids 2022; 184:109036. [PMID: 35413338 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substantial data posit estrogen receptors (ERs) as promising targets for prostate cancer (PCa) therapeutics. However, the trials on assessing the chemo-preventive or therapeutic potential of ER targeting drugs or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have not yet established their clinical benefits. This could be ascribed to a possible modulation in the ER expression during PCa progression. Further it is warranted to test various ER targeting drugs in appropriate preclinical models that simulate human ER expression pattern during PCa progression. The study was undertaken to revisit the existing data on the epithelial ER expression pattern in human cancerous prostates and experimentally determine whether these patterns are replicated in TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate) mice, a model for human PCa. Estradiol (E2) binding to the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells and its modulation during the PCa progression in TRAMP were also investigated. A reassessment of the existing data revealed a trend towards downregulation in the epithelial expression of wild-type ESR1 transcripts in high-grade PCa, compared to non-cancerous prostate in humans. Next, epithelial cell-enriched populations from TRAMP prostates (TP) displaying low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN), high-grade PIN (HGPIN), HGPIN with well-differentiated carcinoma (PIN + WDC), WDC (equivalent to grade 2/3 human PCa), and poorly-differentiated carcinoma (PDC-equivalent to grade 4/5 human PCa) revealed significantly higher Esr1 and Esr2 levels in HGPIN and significantly reduced levels in WDC, compared to respective age-matched control prostates. These patterns for the nuclear ERs were similar to the trend shown by E2 binding to the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells during PCa progression in TRAMP. E2 binding to epithelial cells (EpCAM+), though significantly higher in TPs displaying LGPIN, decreased significantly as the disease progressed to WDC. The study highlights a reduction in the epithelial ESR level with the PCa progression and this pattern was evident in both humans and TRAMP. These observations may have major implications in refining PCa therapeutics targeting ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Gadkar
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Mohini Thakur
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Junita Desouza
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Shilpa Bhowmick
- Viral Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, ICMR-NIRRCH, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Viral Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, ICMR-NIRRCH, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kshitish K Acharya
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Shodhaka Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru (Bangalore) 560100, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India.
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12
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Zhou T, Feng Q. Androgen receptor signaling and spatial chromatin organization in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:924087. [PMID: 35966880 PMCID: PMC9372301 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.924087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death and affects millions of men in the world. The American Cancer Society estimated about 34,500 deaths from prostate cancer in the United States in year 2022. The Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a major pathway that sustains local and metastatic prostate tumor growth. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer patient and can suppress the tumor growth for a median of 2-3 years. Unfortunately, the malignancy inevitably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) which is more aggressive and no longer responsive to ADT. Surprisingly, for most of the CPRC patients, cancer growth still depends on androgen receptor signaling. Accumulating evidence suggests that CRPC cells have rewired their transcriptional program to retain AR signaling in the absence of androgens. Besides AR, other transcription factors also contribute to the resistance mechanism through multiple pathways including enhancing AR signaling pathway and activating other complementary signaling pathways for the favor of AR downstream genes expression. More recent studies have shown the role of transcription factors in reconfiguring chromatin 3D structure and regulating topologically associating domains (TADs). Pioneer factors, transcription factors and coactivators form liquid-liquid phase separation compartment that can modulate transcriptional events along with configuring TADs. The role of AR and other transcription factors on chromatin structure change and formation of condensate compartment in prostate cancer cells has only been recently investigated and appreciated. This review intends to provide an overview of transcription factors that contribute to AR signaling through activation of gene expression, governing 3D chromatin structure and establishing phase to phase separation. A more detailed understanding of the spatial role of transcription factors in CRPC might provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qin Feng
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Sakellakis M. Orphan receptors in prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:1016-1024. [PMID: 35538397 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of new cellular receptors has been increasing rapidly. A receptor is called "orphan" if an endogenous ligand has not been identified yet. METHODS Here we review receptors that contribute to prostate cancer and are considered orphan or partially orphan. This means that the full spectrum of their endogenous ligands remains unknown. RESULTS The orphan receptors are divided into two major families. The first group includes G protein-coupled receptors. Most are orphan olfactory receptors. OR51E1 inhibits cell proliferation and induces senescence in prostate cancer. OR51E2 inhibits prostate cancer growth, but promotes invasiveness and metastasis. GPR158, GPR110, and GPCR-X play significant roles in prostate cancer development and progression. However, GPR160 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The other major subset of orphan receptors are nuclear receptors. Receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) inhibits tumor growth, but RORγ stimulates androgen receptor signaling. PXR contributes to metabolic deactivation of androgens and inhibits cell proliferation. TLX has protumorigenic effects in prostate cancer, while its knockdown triggers cellular senescence and growth arrest. Estrogen-related receptor ERRγ can inhibit tumor growth but ERRα is protumorigenic. Dax1 and short heterodimeric partner are also inhibitory in prostate cancer. CONCLUSION There is a "zoo" of relatively underappreciated orphan receptors that play key roles in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Sakellakis
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Center, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
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14
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McCarty MF. The Japanese Experience Suggests that Lethal Prostate Cancer is Almost Wholly Preventable with a Quasi-Vegan Diet, Soy Products, and Green Tea. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Chauvin S, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Guigon CJ. Estradiol Signaling at the Heart of Folliculogenesis: Its Potential Deregulation in Human Ovarian Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010512. [PMID: 35008938 PMCID: PMC8745567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a major hormone controlling women fertility, in particular folliculogenesis. This steroid, which is locally produced by granulosa cells (GC) within ovarian follicles, controls the development and selection of dominant preovulatory follicles. E2 effects rely on a complex set of nuclear and extra-nuclear signal transduction pathways principally triggered by its nuclear receptors, ERα and ERβ. These transcription factors are differentially expressed within follicles, with ERβ being the predominant ER in GC. Several ERβ splice isoforms have been identified and display specific structural features, which greatly complicates the nature of ERβ-mediated E2 signaling. This review aims at providing a concise overview of the main actions of E2 during follicular growth, maturation, and selection in human. It also describes the current understanding of the various roles of ERβ splice isoforms, especially their influence on cell fate. We finally discuss how E2 signaling deregulation could participate in two ovarian pathogeneses characterized by either a follicular arrest, as in polycystic ovary syndrome, or an excess of GC survival and proliferation, leading to granulosa cell tumors. This review emphasizes the need for further research to better understand the molecular basis of E2 signaling throughout folliculogenesis and to improve the efficiency of ovarian-related disease therapies.
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16
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Ivashkevich A. The role of isoflavones in augmenting the effects of radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:800562. [PMID: 36936272 PMCID: PMC10016616 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.800562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major health problems and the second cause of death worldwide behind heart disease. The traditional soy diet containing isoflavones, consumed by the Asian population in China and Japan has been identified as a protective factor from hormone-related cancers. Over the years the research focus has shifted from emphasizing the preventive effect of isoflavones from cancer initiation and promotion to their efficacy against established tumors along with chemo- and radiopotentiating effects. Studies performed in mouse models and results of clinical trials emphasize that genistein or a mixture of isoflavones, containing in traditional soy diet, could be utilized to both potentiate the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and reduce radiation-induced toxicity in normal tissues. Currently ongoing clinical research explores a potential of another significant isoflavone, idronoxil, also known as phenoxodiol, as radiation enhancing agent. In the light of the recent clinical findings, this article reviews the accumulated evidence which support the clinically desirable interactions of soy isoflavones with radiation therapy resulting in improved tumor treatment. This review discusses important aspects of the development of isoflavones as anticancer agents, and mechanisms potentially relevant to their activity in combination with radiation therapy of cancer. It gives a critical overview of studies characterizing isoflavone targets such as topoisomerases, ENOX2/PMET, tyrosine kinases and ER receptor signaling, and cellular effects on the cell cycle, DNA damage, cell death, and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Ivashkevich
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Noxopharm, Gordon, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alesia Ivashkevich,
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17
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Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are known to play an important role in the proper development of estrogen-sensitive organs, as well as in the development and progression of various types of cancer. ERα, the first ER to be discovered, has been the focus of most cancer research, especially in the context of breast cancer. However, ERβ expression also plays a significant role in cancer pathophysiology, notably its seemingly protective nature and loss of expression with oncogenesis and progression. Although ERβ exhibits antitumor activity in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer, its expression is associated with disease progression and worse prognosis in lung cancer. The function of ERβ is complicated by the presence of multiple isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms, in addition to tissue-specific functions. This mini-review explores current literature on ERβ and its mechanism of action and clinical implications in breast, ovarian, prostate, and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the bone and lung, but the ability to treat metastatic tumor cells remains a pressing clinical challenge. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) have emerged as promising targets since these enzymes are aberrantly expressed in numerous cancers and regulate the expression of genes that drive tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review focuses on the abnormal expression of histone-modifying enzymes in cancers that have a high tropism for the bone and lung and explores the clinical use of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of metastasis to these sites. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the role for HDACs is highly dependent on tumor type and stage of disease progression. HDAC inhibitors can induce apoptosis, senescence, cell differentiation, and tumor dormancy genes and inhibit angiogenesis, making these promising therapeutics for the treatment of metastatic disease. HDAC inhibitors are already FDA approved for hematologic malignancies and are in clinical trials with standard-of-care chemotherapies and targeted agents for several solid tumors, including cases of metastatic disease. However, these drugs can negatively impact bone homeostasis. Although HDAC inhibitors are not currently administered for the treatment of bone and lung metastatic disease, preclinical studies have shown that these drugs can reduce distant metastasis by targeting molecular factors and signaling pathways that drive tumor cell dissemination to these sites. Thus, HDAC inhibitors in combination with bone protective therapies may be beneficial in the treatment of bone metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Edwards
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2215b Garland Ave, 1165C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2215b Garland Ave, 1165C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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