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Singh S, Escobar A, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Ramful C, Xu CQ. Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:837. [PMID: 37508864 PMCID: PMC10376585 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is one of the most extensively used complementary and alternative medicine therapies worldwide. In this study, we explore the use of near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide acupuncture-like physical stimulus to the skin tissue, but in a completely non-invasive way. A computational modeling framework has been developed to investigate the light-tissue interaction within a three-dimensional multi-layer model of skin tissue. Finite element-based analysis has been conducted, to obtain the spatiotemporal temperature distribution within the skin tissue, by solving Pennes' bioheat transfer equation, coupled with the Beer-Lambert law. The irradiation profile of the LED has been experimentally characterized and imposed in the numerical model. The experimental validation of the developed model has been conducted through comparing the numerical model predictions with those obtained experimentally on the agar phantom. The effects of the LED power, treatment duration, LED distance from the skin surface, and usage of multiple LEDs on the temperature distribution attained within the skin tissue have been systematically investigated, highlighting the safe operating power of the selected LEDs. The presented information about the spatiotemporal temperature distribution, and critical factors affecting it, would assist in better optimizing the desired thermal dosage, thereby enabling a safe and effective LED-based photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Andres Escobar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zexi Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chundra Ramful
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chang-Qing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Comparison of the acupuncture manipulation properties of traditional East Asian medicine and Western medical acupuncture. Integr Med Res 2022; 11:100893. [PMID: 36353444 PMCID: PMC9637804 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2022.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture treatments frequently use manipulation techniques. The therapeutic advantages of acupuncture differ depending on the acupuncture manipulation. The purpose of this article was to compare manipulation techniques in traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM) and Western medical acupuncture (WMA). Methods Manipulation techniques in TEAM and WMA were compared according to purpose, modulating parameters, and indications. The practical understanding of manipulation in terms of acupuncture stimulation intensity was also explored. The TEAM manipulation techniques of twirling and lifting and thrusting are discussed in terms of the objectives of tonification and sedation. Results The main therapeutic effect of WMA is mediated through activation of the nervous system, which is achieved with adequate intensity of needling. The TEAM tonification and sedation techniques were designed to produce mild or intense stimulation, respectively, to elicit varying degrees of deqi sensation. Conclusions Further research is needed to clarify the differences between the TEAM and WMA practices, and to determine whether different needling manipulations affect treatment outcomes.
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Yoon DE, Lee IS, Chae Y. Identifying Dose Components of Manual Acupuncture to Determine the Dose-Response Relationship of Acupuncture Treatment: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:653-671. [PMID: 35300569 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dose-response relationship is a hallmark of pharmacological studies. However, this relationship has not been fully established in acupuncture research. This systematic review aims to provide the characteristics of the dose-response relationship in acupuncture research. We further summarized the differences in acupuncture effects according to dose components. Dose components of acupuncture were categorized into three groups: number of needles, stimulation intensity, and total number/frequency of treatments. The PubMed database was used to identify studies examining the effects of different doses of acupuncture from the establishment of the database to August 13, 2020. Dose components and responses were extracted from each study, and the results of low- and high-dose conditions were compared. Fourteen studies were included in this study. Of the included studies, 37.5% showed statistically significant enhanced responses to acupuncture treatment under high-dose conditions compared to low-dose conditions. Significant differences between high- and low-dose conditions were observed most frequently in studies that used various stimulation intensities (four out of six studies), followed in order by studies that used various numbers of needles (two out of seven studies), and those that used various numbers or frequencies of treatment (none of the three studies). Responses were categorized into symptom changes, physiological changes, experimentally induced pain/stimuli perception, and needling sensation. Stimulation intensity, which is considered one of the most important needling components, might indeed have a great impact on clinical responses to acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Yoon
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Supasiri T, Salakshna N, Pongpirul K. Short Practical Regimen of Acupuncture for Melasma: A Prospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand. Front Public Health 2021; 9:761017. [PMID: 34805076 PMCID: PMC8599154 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.761017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acupuncture shows benefits for patients with melasma, although no optimal number of sessions have been determined. Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted in melasma patients who were treated with acupuncture procedures two times a week and were evaluated after the 5th and the 10th sessions of acupuncture, with a 1-week follow-up after the last session. Participants Groups A and B received five and 10 acupuncture sessions, respectively. Melasma was assessed by using the melanin index (MI), melasma area and severity index (MASI), patient-reported improvement scores, and acupuncture-related adverse events. Results: Out of 113 participants, 67 received five sessions of acupuncture treatment while 39 received 10 sessions. At 1 week after five sessions of acupuncture in Group A, the mean MI decreased by 28.7 (95% CI −38.5 to −18.8, p < 0.001), whereas the median MASI decreased by 3.4 (95% CI −6.9 to −1.2, p < 0.001) points. At 1 week after ten sessions of acupuncture in Group B, the mean MI decreased by 31.3 (95% CI −45 to −17.6, p < 0.001), whereas the median MASI decreased by 5.4 (95%CI −9.9 to −3, p < 0.001) points. The first five sessions of acupuncture had a higher incremental effect than the last five sessions, although there was no statistically significant difference. Twenty-nine participants reported minor side effects. Group B had a risk ratio (RR) of having adverse events 1.8 times (95% CI 1.0–3.4, p = 0.05) compared with Group A. Conclusion: Short acupuncture regimens of 5–10 sessions in melasma seem to be effective and practical with minor side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanan Supasiri
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuntida Salakshna
- Samitivej Esthetics Institute, Samitivej Sukhumvit Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of International Health and Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Mayrovitz HN, Astudillo A, Shams E. Finger skin blood perfusion during exposure of ulnar and median nerves to the static magnetic field of a rare-earth magnet: A randomized pilot study. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 40:1-10. [PMID: 33283550 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1856682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study's goal was to investigate the impacts of static magnetic fields (SMF) on finger skin blood perfusion (SBP) when exposing the ulnar artery and ulnar and medial nerves to a rare earth concentric magnet for 30 minutes. Control SBP was measured in 4th fingers of adults (n = 12, age 26.0 ± 1.4 years) for 15 minutes using laser-Doppler. Then, active-magnets were placed over one arm's ulnar and median nerves at the wrist and sham-magnets placed at corresponding sites on the other arm. Devices were randomly assigned and placed by an investigator "blinded" to device type. The maximum SMF perpendicular to skin was 0.28 T measured 2 mm from magnet surface. The tangential field at this distance was 0.20 T. SBP was analyzed and tested for differential effects attributable to magnets compared to shams in each of the 5-minute intervals over the full 45-minute experiment. Results showed no statistically significant difference between SBP measured on the magnet-treated side compared to the sham side. Magnet and sham side SBP values (mean ± SEM, arbitrary units) prior to device placement were 0.568 ± 0.128 vs. 0.644 ± 0.115, p = .859 and during device placement were 0.627 ± 0.135 vs. 0.645 ± 0.117, p = .857. In conclusion, these findings have failed to uncover any significant effects of the static magnetic field on skin blood perfusion in the young healthy adult population evaluated. Its potential for altering SBP in more mature persons or those with underlying conditions affecting blood flow has not been evaluated but represents the next target of research inquiry. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number is NCT04539704.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey N Mayrovitz
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University , Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Astudillo
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University , Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Elham Shams
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University , Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Kim HS, Choi H, Flores MC, Razzaq A, Gwak YS, Ahn D, Kim MS, Gurel O, Lee BH, In SI. Noble metal sensitized invasive porous bioelectrodes: advanced medical device for enhanced neuronal activity and chronic alcohol treatment. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43514-43522. [PMID: 35519706 PMCID: PMC9058419 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07922g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive bioelectrodes are widely used as an effective treatment for several acute and chronic diseases. In earlier work using high surface area invasive porous bioelectrodes evaluated in an animal model of alcoholism withdrawal, we demonstrated significantly improved electrophysiological and behavioral responses. In this study, we further modify the surface of these invasive porous bioelectrodes with noble metal (Ag, Au, Pt) nanoparticles. Compared to both conventional and porous bioelectrodes, noble metal sensitized invasive porous bioelectrodes show markedly increased low threshold (LT) and wide dynamic range (WDR) neuronal activity. In particular, Pt-sensitized invasive porous bioelectrodes show the highest WDR neuronal activity only upon insertion. In addition, Ag-sensitized invasive porous bioelectrodes, whose surface area is about 37 times greater than that of conventional bioelectrodes, show improved electrochemical properties with higher LT and WDR neuronal activity when stimulated. In an animal model of chronic alcoholism, using normal and alcohol-treated Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats evaluated with the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, the Ag-sensitized invasive porous bioelectrodes show about 20% higher open arms time. These results suggest that these noble metal-sensitized invasive bioelectrodes may offer improved therapeutic outcomes for the treatment of chronic alcoholism, and given these enhanced electrophysiological properties, for other conditions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Soo Kim
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup Dalseong-gun Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hansaem Choi
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup Dalseong-gun Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Monica Claire Flores
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup Dalseong-gun Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 1.5 km Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Young Seob Gwak
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University 136 Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu Daegu 42158 Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Ahn
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University 136 Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu Daegu 42158 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Seon Kim
- Clinical Trials Management Division, Pharmaceutical Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ogan Gurel
- College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup Dalseong-gun Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University 136 Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu Daegu 42158 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Il In
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup Dalseong-gun Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
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Vieira D, McEachern F, Filippelli R, Dimentberg E, Harvey EJ, Merle G. Microelectrochemical Smart Needle for Real Time Minimally Invasive Oximetry. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E157. [PMID: 33138031 PMCID: PMC7693384 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A variety of brain disorders such as neural injury, brain dysfunction, vascular malformation, and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with abnormal levels of oxygen. Current methods to directly monitor tissue oxygenation in the brain are expensive and invasive, suffering from a lack of accuracy. Electrochemical detection has been used as an invasiveness and cost-effectiveness method, minimizing pain, discomfort, and injury to the patient. In this work, we developed a minimally invasive needle-sensor with a high surface area to monitor O2 levels in the brain using acupuncture needles. The approach was to directly etch the iron from stainless steel acupuncture needles via a controlled pitting corrosion process, obtaining a high microporous surface area. In order to increase the conductivity and selectivity, we designed and applied for the first time a low-cost coating process using non-toxic chemicals to deposit high surface area carbon nanoparticle, catalytically active laccase, and biocompatible polypyrrole. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized as well as their efficacy and viability as probes for the electrochemical detection of PO2. Our modified needles exhibited efficient electrocatalysis and high selectivity toward O2, with excellent repeatability. We well engineered a small diagnostic tool to monitor PO2, minimally invasive, able to monitor real-time O2 in vivo complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vieira
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada; (D.V.); (F.M.); (R.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Francis McEachern
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada; (D.V.); (F.M.); (R.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Romina Filippelli
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada; (D.V.); (F.M.); (R.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Evan Dimentberg
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada; (D.V.); (F.M.); (R.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Edward J Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada;
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada;
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079 Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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Lou J, Jiang Y, Hu H, Li X, Zhang Y, Fang J. Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Infrared Image Analysis of Forearm Acupoints before and after Moxibustion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:6328756. [PMID: 33062016 PMCID: PMC7555457 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6328756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the intrarater and interrater reliabilities of infrared image analysis of forearm acupoints before and after moxibustion. In this work, infrared images of acupoints in the forearm of 20 volunteers (M/F, 10/10) were collected prior to and after moxibustion by infrared thermography (IRT). Two trained raters performed the analysis of infrared images in two different periods at a one-week interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the intrarater and interrater reliabilities. With regard to the intrarater reliability, ICC values were between 0.758 and 0.994 (substantial to excellent). For the interrater reliability, ICC values ranged from 0.707 to 0.964 (moderate to excellent). Given that the intrarater and interrater reliability levels show excellent concordance, IRT could be a reliable tool to monitor the temperature change of forearm acupoints induced by moxibustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lou
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hantong Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
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