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Kuhn YA, Egger S, Bugnon M, Lehmann N, Taubert M, Taube W. Age-related decline in GABAergic intracortical inhibition can be counteracted by long-term learning of balance skills. J Physiol 2024; 602:3737-3753. [PMID: 38949035 DOI: 10.1113/jp285706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing induces a decline in GABAergic intracortical inhibition, which seems to be associated not only with decremental changes in well-being, sleep quality, cognition and pain management but also with impaired motor control. So far, little is known regarding whether targeted interventions can prevent the decline of intracortical inhibition in the primary motor cortex in the elderly. Therefore, the present study investigated whether age-related cortical dis-inhibition could be reversed after 6 months of balance learning and whether improvements in postural control correlated with the extent of reversed dis-inhibition. The results demonstrated that intracortical inhibition can be upregulated in elderly subjects after long-term balance learning and revealed a correlation between changes in balance performance and intracortical inhibition. This is the first study to show physical activity-related upregulation of GABAergic inhibition in a population with chronic dis-inhibition and may therefore be seminal for many pathologies in which the equilibrium between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters is disturbed. KEY POINTS: Ageing induces a decline in GABAergic intracortical inhibition. So far, little is known regarding whether targeted interventions can prevent the decline of intracortical inhibition in the primary motor cortex in the elderly. After 6 months of balance learning, intracortical inhibition can be upregulated in elderly subjects. The results of this study also revealed a correlation between changes in balance performance and intracortical inhibition. This is the first study to show physical activity-related upregulation of GABAergic inhibition in a population with chronic dis-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves-Alain Kuhn
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sven Egger
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Bugnon
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nico Lehmann
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1436 Neural Resources of Cognition, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marco Taubert
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1436 Neural Resources of Cognition, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Herrero Babiloni A, Provost C, Charlebois-Plante C, De Koninck BP, Apinis-Deshaies A, Lavigne GJ, Martel MO, De Beaumont L. One session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces mild and transient analgesic effects among female individuals with painful temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:827-839. [PMID: 38225806 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterised by chronic pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and masticatory muscles. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential non-invasive treatment for chronic pain; however, its effectiveness in individuals with TMD has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and sustained (over seven consecutive days) effects of a single session of active rTMS compared to sham stimulation on pain intensity and pain unpleasantness in individuals with TMD. METHODS A randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial enrolled 41 female participants with chronic TMD. Pain intensity and pain unpleasantness were assessed immediately pre- and post-intervention, as well as twice daily for 21 days using electronic diaries. Secondary outcomes included pain interference, sleep quality, positive and negative affect and pain catastrophizing. Adverse effects were monitored. Repeated measures ANOVA and multilevel modelling regression analyses were employed for data analysis. RESULT Active rTMS demonstrated a significant immediate mild reduction in pain intensity and pain unpleasantness compared to sham stimulation. However, these effects were not sustained over the 7-day post-intervention period. No significant differences were observed between interventions for pain interference, sleep quality and negative affect. A minority of participants reported minor and transient side effects, including headaches and fatigue. CONCLUSION A single session of active rTMS was safe and led to immediate mild analgesic effects in individuals with TMD compared to sham stimulation. However, no significant differences were observed between interventions over the 7-day post-intervention period. Based on this study, rTMS stimulation appears to be a promising safe approach to be tested in TMD patients with longer stimulation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Herrero Babiloni
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Provost
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Charlebois-Plante
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beatrice P De Koninck
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amelie Apinis-Deshaies
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles J Lavigne
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc O Martel
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Herrero Babiloni A, Jodoin M, Provost C, Charlebois-Plante C, De Koninck BP, Apinis-Deshaies A, Lavigne GJ, De Beaumont L. Females with painful temporomandibular disorders present higher intracortical facilitation relative to pain-free controls. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:12. [PMID: 38129743 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate cortical excitability differences in the primary motor cortex (M1) hand representation between individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and healthy controls. We assessed resting motor thresholds, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), intracortical inhibition, and intracortical facilitation and explored potential associations with clinical and psychosocial characteristics in the TMD group. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 36 female participants with TMD and 17 pain-free controls. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess M1 cortical excitability. Correlations between clinical and psychosocial factors and cortical excitability measures were also evaluated. RESULTS Patients with TMD showed significantly higher intracortical facilitation at 12 ms (z = 1.98, p = 0.048) and 15 ms (z = 2.65, p = 0.008) when compared to controls. Correlations revealed associations between intracortical facilitation and pain interference, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing in the TMD group. CONCLUSIONS Females with TMD exhibit heightened motor cortex intracortical facilitation in the hand representation, potentially indicating altered cortical excitability beyond the motor face area. This suggests a role for cortical excitability in TMD pathophysiology, influenced by psychosocial factors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding cortical excitability in TMD may inform targeted interventions. Psychosocial variables may play a role in cortical excitability, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of TMD-related pain. Further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings, with potential implications for the management of TMD and related pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Herrero Babiloni
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Marianne Jodoin
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Provost
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Camille Charlebois-Plante
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beatrice P De Koninck
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amelie Apinis-Deshaies
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Gilles J Lavigne
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Sacre-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS NIM Research Center, CEAMS, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Martel M, Gaudreault N, Pelletier R, Houde F, Harvey MP, Giguère C, Balg F, Leonard G. Relationship between Motor Corticospinal System, Endogenous Pain Modulation Mechanisms and Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: New Perspectives on an Old Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1154. [PMID: 37626509 PMCID: PMC10452861 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful condition characterized by joint and bone changes. A growing number of studies suggest that these changes only partially explain the pain experienced by individuals with OA. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate if corticospinal and bulbospinal projection measurements were interrelated in patients with knee OA, and to explore the relationship between these neurophysiological measures and temporal summation (excitatory mechanisms of pain) on one hand, and clinical symptoms on the other. Twenty-eight (28) patients with knee OA were recruited. Corticospinal projections were measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation, while bulbospinal projections were evaluated with a conditioned pain modulation (CPM) protocol using a counter-irritation paradigm. Validated questionnaires were used to document clinical and psychological manifestations. All participants suffered from moderate to severe pain. There was a positive association between corticospinal excitability and the effectiveness of the CPM (rs = 0.67, p = 0.01, n = 13). There was also a positive relationship between pain intensity and corticospinal excitability (rs = 0.45, p = 0.03, n = 23), and between pain intensity and temporal summation (rs = 0.58, p = 0.01, n = 18). The results of this study highlight some of the central nervous system changes that could be involved in knee OA and underline the importance of interindividual variability to better understand and explain the semiology and pathophysiology of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylie Martel
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.M.); (N.G.); (R.P.)
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada; (F.H.); (M.-P.H.)
| | - Nathaly Gaudreault
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.M.); (N.G.); (R.P.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - René Pelletier
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.M.); (N.G.); (R.P.)
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada; (F.H.); (M.-P.H.)
| | - Francis Houde
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada; (F.H.); (M.-P.H.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Marie-Philippe Harvey
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada; (F.H.); (M.-P.H.)
| | - Caroline Giguère
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Frédéric Balg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Leonard
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.M.); (N.G.); (R.P.)
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada; (F.H.); (M.-P.H.)
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The Effectiveness of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Patients with Neuropathic Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:6131696. [PMID: 36061584 PMCID: PMC9433245 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6131696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in the treatment of neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP). The consistency of its therapeutic efficacy with the optimal protocol is highly debatable. Objective To assess the effectiveness of rTMS on pain intensity, psychological conditions, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with NOP based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We carefully screened and browsed 5 medical databases from inception to January 1, 2022. The study will be included that use of rTMS as the intervention for patients with NOP. Two researchers independently completed record retrieval, data processing, and evaluation of methodological quality. Quality and evidence were assessed using the PEDro scores and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results Six RCTs with 214 participants were included in this systematic review: 2 studies were considered level 1 evidence, and 4 were considered level 2 evidence. Six studies found that high-frequency rTMS had a pain-relieving effect, while 4 studies found no improvement in psychological conditions and QOL. Quality of evidence (GRADE system) ranged from moderate to high. No significant side effects were found. Conclusions There is moderate-to-high evidence to prove that high-frequency rTMS is effective in reducing pain in individuals with NOP, but it has no significant positive effect on psychological conditions and QOL. High-frequency rTMS can be used as an alternative treatment for pain in individuals with NOP, but further studies will be conducted to unify treatment parameters, and the sample size will be expanded to explore its influence on psychological conditions and QOL.
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Tomeh A, Yusof Khan AHK, Inche Mat LN, Basri H, Wan Sulaiman WA. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex beyond Motor Rehabilitation: A Review of the Current Evidence. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060761. [PMID: 35741646 PMCID: PMC9221422 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a novel technique to stimulate the human brain through the scalp. Over the years, identifying the optimal brain region and stimulation parameters has been a subject of debate in the literature on therapeutic uses of repetitive TMS (rTMS). Nevertheless, the primary motor cortex (M1) has been a conventional target for rTMS to treat motor symptoms, such as hemiplegia and spasticity, as it controls the voluntary movement of the body. However, with an expanding knowledge base of the M1 cortical and subcortical connections, M1-rTMS has shown a therapeutic efficacy that goes beyond the conventional motor rehabilitation to involve pain, headache, fatigue, dysphagia, speech and voice impairments, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, disorders of consciousness, anxiety, depression, and bladder dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence on using M1-rTMS to treat non-motor symptoms of diverse etiologies and discuss the potential mechanistic rationale behind the management of each of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhameed Tomeh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.T.); (A.H.K.Y.K.); (L.N.I.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.T.); (A.H.K.Y.K.); (L.N.I.M.); (H.B.)
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeingTM), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Liyana Najwa Inche Mat
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.T.); (A.H.K.Y.K.); (L.N.I.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Hamidon Basri
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.T.); (A.H.K.Y.K.); (L.N.I.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.T.); (A.H.K.Y.K.); (L.N.I.M.); (H.B.)
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeingTM), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9769-5560
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Rauschenberger L, Knorr S, Pisani A, Hallett M, Volkmann J, Ip CW. Second hit hypothesis in dystonia: Dysfunctional cross talk between neuroplasticity and environment? Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105511. [PMID: 34537328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the great mysteries in dystonia pathophysiology is the role of environmental factors in disease onset and development. Progress has been made in defining the genetic components of dystonic syndromes, still the mechanisms behind the discrepant relationship between dystonic genotype and phenotype remain largely unclear. Within this review, the preclinical and clinical evidence for environmental stressors as disease modifiers in dystonia pathogenesis are summarized and critically evaluated. The potential role of extragenetic factors is discussed in monogenic as well as adult-onset isolated dystonia. The available clinical evidence for a "second hit" is analyzed in light of the reduced penetrance of monogenic dystonic syndromes and put into context with evidence from animal and cellular models. The contradictory studies on adult-onset dystonia are discussed in detail and backed up by evidence from animal models. Taken together, there is clear evidence of a gene-environment interaction in dystonia, which should be considered in the continued quest to unravel dystonia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rauschenberger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knorr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Betancur DFA, Tarragó MDGL, Torres ILDS, Fregni F, Caumo W. Central Post-Stroke Pain: An Integrative Review of Somatotopic Damage, Clinical Symptoms, and Neurophysiological Measures. Front Neurol 2021; 12:678198. [PMID: 34484097 PMCID: PMC8416310 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.678198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The physiopathology of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is poorly understood, which may contribute to the limitations of diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. Thus, the current systematic review was conducted to examine, from an integrated perspective, the cortical neurophysiological changes observed via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), focusing on the structural damage, and clinical symptoms in patients with CPSP. Methods: The literature review included the databases EMBASE, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using the following search terms by MeSH or Entree descriptors: [("Cerebral Stroke") AND ("Pain" OR "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation") AND ("Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation")] (through September 29, 2020). A total of 297 articles related to CPSP were identified. Of these, only four quantitatively recorded cortical measurements. Results: We found four studies with different methodologies and results of the TMS measures. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines, two studies had low methodological quality and the other two studies had satisfactory methodological quality. The four studies compared the motor threshold (MT) of the stroke-affected hemisphere with the unaffected hemisphere or with healthy controls. Two studies assessed other cortical excitability measures, such as cortical silent period (CSP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF). The main limitations in the interpretation of the results were the heterogeneity in parameter measurements, unknown cortical excitability measures as potential prognostic markers, the lack of a control group without pain, and the absence of consistent and validated diagnosis criteria. Conclusion: Despite the limited number of studies that prevented us from conducting a meta-analysis, the dataset of this systematic review provides evidence to improve the understanding of CPSP physiopathology. Additionally, these studies support the construction of a framework for diagnosis and will help improve the methodological quality of future research in somatosensory sequelae following stroke. Furthermore, they offer a way to integrate dysfunctional neuroplasticity markers that are indirectly assessed by neurophysiological measures with their correlated clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernando Arias Betancur
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain & Neuromodulation, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Investigations Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Physics, and Rehabilitation Department, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain & Neuromodulation, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pain and Palliative Care Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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A Neurophysiological Pattern as a Precursor of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Using EEG Combined with EMG. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042001. [PMID: 33669544 PMCID: PMC7921951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the neurophysiological pattern that is associated with the development of musculoskeletal pain that is induced by biomechanical constraints. Twelve (12) young healthy volunteers (two females) performed two experimental realistic manual tasks for 30 min each: (1) with the high risk of musculoskeletal pain development and (2) with low risk for pain development. During the tasks, synchronized electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals data were collected, as well as pain scores. Subsequently, two main variables were computed from neurophysiological signals: (1) cortical inhibition as Task-Related Power Increase (TRPI) in beta EEG frequency band (β.TRPI) and (2) muscle variability as Coefficient of Variation (CoV) from EMG signals. A strong effect size was observed for pain measurement under the high risk condition during the last 5 min of the task execution; with muscle fatigue, because the CoV has decreased below 18%. An increase in cortical inhibition (β.TRPI >50%) was observed after the 5th min of the task in both experimental conditions. These results suggest the following neurophysiological pattern—β.TRPI ≥ 50% and CoV ≤ 18%—as a possible indicator to monitor the development of musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder in the context of repeated and prolonged exposure to manual tasks.
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