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Mboumba Bouassa RS, Giorgini G, Silvestri C, Muller C, Nallabelli N, Alexandrova Y, Durand M, Tremblay C, El-Far M, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Messier-Peet M, Margolese S, Flamand N, Costiniuk CT, Di Marzo V, Jenabian MA. Plasma endocannabinoidome and fecal microbiota interplay in people with HIV and subclinical coronary artery disease: Results from the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study. iScience 2024; 27:110456. [PMID: 39156649 PMCID: PMC11326910 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV infection is associated with accelerated coronary artery disease (CAD) due to chronic inflammation. The expanded endocannabinoid system (eCBome) and gut microbiota modulate each other and are key regulators of cardiovascular functions and inflammation. We herein investigated the interplay between plasma eCBome mediators and gut microbiota in people with HIV (PWH) and/or subclinical CAD versus HIV-uninfected individuals. CAD was determined by coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography performed on all participants. Plasma eCBome mediator and fecal microbiota composition were assessed by tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing, respectively. HIV infection was associated with perturbed plasma eCBome mediators characterized by an inverse relationship between anandamide and N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) versus 2-AG and 2-monoacylglycerols (MAGs). Plasma triglyceride levels were positively associated with MAGs. Several fecal bacterial taxa were altered in HIV-CAD+ versus controls and correlated with plasma eCBome mediators. CAD-associated taxonomic alterations in fecal bacterial taxa were not found in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) et Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Chanté Muller
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Yulia Alexandrova
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marc Messier-Peet
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shari Margolese
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) et Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ryan M, Raby E, Whiley L, Masuda R, Lodge S, Nitschke P, Maker GL, Wist J, Holmes E, Wood FM, Nicholson JK, Fear MW, Gray N. Nonsevere Burn Induces a Prolonged Systemic Metabolic Phenotype Indicative of a Persistent Inflammatory Response Postinjury. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2893-2907. [PMID: 38104259 PMCID: PMC11302432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Globally, burns are a significant cause of injury that can cause substantial acute trauma as well as lead to increased incidence of chronic comorbidity and disease. To date, research has primarily focused on the systemic response to severe injury, with little in the literature reported on the impact of nonsevere injuries (<15% total burn surface area; TBSA). To elucidate the metabolic consequences of a nonsevere burn injury, longitudinal plasma was collected from adults (n = 35) who presented at hospital with a nonsevere burn injury at admission, and at 6 week follow up. A cross-sectional baseline sample was also collected from nonburn control participants (n = 14). Samples underwent multiplatform metabolic phenotyping using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify 112 lipoprotein and glycoprotein signatures and 852 lipid species from across 20 subclasses. Multivariate data modeling (orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis; OPLS-DA) revealed alterations in lipoprotein and lipid metabolism when comparing the baseline control to hospital admission samples, with the phenotypic signature found to be sustained at follow up. Univariate (Mann-Whitney U) testing and OPLS-DA indicated specific increases in GlycB (p-value < 1.0e-4), low density lipoprotein-2 subfractions (variable importance in projection score; VIP > 6.83e-1) and monoacyglyceride (20:4) (p-value < 1.0e-4) and decreases in circulating anti-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein-4 subfractions (VIP > 7.75e-1), phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylserines. The results indicate a persistent systemic metabolic phenotype that occurs even in cases of a nonsevere burn injury. The phenotype is indicative of an acute inflammatory profile that continues to be sustained postinjury, suggesting an impact on systems health beyond the site of injury. The phenotypes contained metabolic signatures consistent with chronic inflammatory states reported to have an elevated incidence postburn injury. Such phenotypic signatures may provide patient stratification opportunities, to identify individual responses to injury, personalize intervention strategies, and improve acute care, reducing the risk of chronic comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique
J. Ryan
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Raby
- Burns
Service of Western Australia, WA Department
of Health, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Department
of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Garth L. Maker
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Department
of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- Burns
Service of Western Australia, WA Department
of Health, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Institute
of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Fear
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Schlicker E, Weresa J, Malinowska B. Re-evaluation of the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids against ischemia-reperfusion injury according to the IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) criteria. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1382995. [PMID: 38873412 PMCID: PMC11170160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1382995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, associated with high morbidity and mortality, represents a major challenge for the development of drug-based strategies to improve its prognosis. Results of pre-clinical studies suggest that agonists of cannabinoid CB2 receptors and multitarget cannabidiol might be potential cardioprotective strategies against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of our study was to re-evaluate the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids against ischemia-reperfusion injury according to the IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) criteria published recently by the European Union (EU) CARDIOPROTECTION COST ACTION. To meet the minimum criteria of those guidelines, experiments should be performed (i) on healthy small animals subjected to ischemia with reperfusion lasting for at least 2 hours and (ii) confirmed in small animals with comorbidities and co-medications and (iii) in large animals. Our analysis revealed that the publications regarding cardioprotective effects of CB2 receptor agonists and cannabidiol did not meet all three strict steps of IMPACT. Thus, additional experiments are needed to confirm the cardioprotective activities of (endo)cannabinoids mainly on small animals with comorbidities and on large animals. Moreover, our publication underlines the significance of the IMPACT criteria for a proper planning of preclinical experiments regarding cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jolanta Weresa
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Tang TYC, Kim JS, Das A. Role of omega-3 and omega-6 endocannabinoids in cardiopulmonary pharmacology. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:375-422. [PMID: 37236765 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are derived from dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and play an important role in regulation of inflammation, development, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. They elicit this effect via interactions with cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 which are also targeted by plant derived cannabinoid from cannabis. The evidence of the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in cardiopulmonary function comes from studies that show that cannabis consumption leads to cardiovascular effect such as arrythmia and is beneficial in lung cancer patients. Moreover, omega-3 and omega-6 endocannabinoids play several important roles in cardiopulmonary system such as causing airway relaxation, suppressing atherosclerosis and hypertension. These effects are mediated via the cannabinoids receptors that are abundant in the cardiopulmonary system. Overall, this chapter reviews the known role of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids in the cardiopulmonary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Y-C Tang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Justin S Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Avraamidou E, Nöthel M, Danisch M, Bindila L, Schmidt SV, Lutz B, Nickenig G, Jehle J. Myeloid But Not Endothelial Expression of the CB2 Receptor Promotes Atherogenesis in the Context of Elevated Levels of the Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:491-501. [PMID: 36178662 PMCID: PMC10151305 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an inflammatory mediator and ligand for the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. We investigated the atherogenic mechanisms set in motion by 2-AG. Therefore, we created two atherosclerotic mouse models with distinct cell-specific knockouts of the CB2 receptor on either myeloid or endothelial cells. These mice were treated with JZL184, resulting in elevated plasma levels of 2-AG. After a high-fat high-cholesterol diet, atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed. The atherogenic effect of 2-AG was abrogated in mice lacking myeloid expression of the CB2 receptor but not in mice lacking endothelial expression of the CB2 receptor. In vitro, treatment of human monocytes with 2-AG led to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-1β. In conclusion, 2-AG shows an atherogenic effect in vivo, dependent on the presence of the CB2 receptor on myeloid cells. In addition, our in vitro data revealed 2-AG to promote inflammatory signalling in monocytes. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol shows an atherogenic effect that is abrogated in mice lacking myeloid expression of the CB2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Avraamidou
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Nöthel
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Melina Danisch
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Jehle
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Harasim-Symbor E, Biernacki M, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Beneficial Changes in Rat Vascular Endocannabinoid System in Primary Hypertension and under Treatment with Chronic Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase by URB597. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4833. [PMID: 34063297 PMCID: PMC8125657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the effects of hypertension and the chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on vascular function and the endocannabinoid system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Functional studies were performed on small mesenteric G3 arteries (sMA) and aortas isolated from SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) treated with URB597 (1 mg/kg; twice daily for 14 days). In the aortas and sMA of SHR, endocannabinoid levels and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression were elevated. The CB1R antagonist AM251 diminished the methanandamide-evoked relaxation only in the sMA of SHR and enhanced the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the thromboxane analog U46619 in sMA in SHR and WKY. In the sMA of SHR, URB597 elevated anandamide levels, improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and in the presence of AM251 reduced the vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and enhanced the vasodilatation to methanandamide, and tended to reduce hypertrophy. In the aortas, URB597 elevated endocannabinoid levels improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and decreased CB1R expression. Our study showed that hypertension and chronic administration of URB597 caused local, resistance artery-specific beneficial alterations in the vascular endocannabinoid system, which may bring further advantages for therapeutic application of pharmacological inhibition of FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
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Lusini M, Nenna A, Chello M. Endocannabinoid system: A new player in the percutaneous and surgical treatment of coronary artery disease? Int J Cardiol 2020; 322:211-212. [PMID: 32861715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lusini
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Chello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol inhibits endothelial function and repair. Int J Cardiol 2020; 323:243-250. [PMID: 32810540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction promotes atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and thrombus formation. Reendothelialization after angioplasty is required in order to prevent stent failure. Previous studies have highlighted the role of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in murine experimental atherogenesis and in human coronary artery disease. However, the impact of 2-AG on endothelial repair and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion is still unknown. METHODS Endothelial repair was studied in two treatment groups of wildtype mice following electrical injury of the common carotid artery. One group received the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)-inhibitor JZL184, which impairs 2-AG degradation and thus causes elevated 2-AG levels, the other group received DMSO (vehicle). The effect of 2-AG on human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) viability, leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, surface expression of adhesion molecules, and expression of endothelial NO synthase (NOS3) was studied in vitro. RESULTS Elevated 2-AG levels significantly impaired reendothelialization in wildtype mice following electrical injury of the common carotid artery. In vitro, 2-AG significantly reduced viability of HCAEC. Additionally, 2-AG promoted adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to HCAEC following pre-treatment of the HCAEC with 2-AG. Adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) remained unchanged in arterial endothelial cells, whereas 2-AG suppressed the expression of NOS3 in HCAEC. CONCLUSION AND TRANSLATIONAL ASPECT Elevated 2-AG levels hamper endothelial repair and HCAEC proliferation, while simultaneously facilitating leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Given that 2-AG is elevated in patients with coronary artery disease and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 2-AG might decrease reendothelialization after angioplasty and thus impact the clinical outcomes.
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