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Takahashi T, Zhang H, Agetsuma M, Nabekura J, Otomo K, Okamura Y, Nemoto T. Large-scale cranial window for in vivo mouse brain imaging utilizing fluoropolymer nanosheet and light-curable resin. Commun Biol 2024; 7:232. [PMID: 38438546 PMCID: PMC10912766 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy enables in vivo imaging of neuronal activity in mammalian brains at high resolution. However, two-photon imaging tools for stable, long-term, and simultaneous study of multiple brain regions in same mice are lacking. Here, we propose a method to create large cranial windows covering such as the whole parietal cortex and cerebellum in mice using fluoropolymer nanosheets covered with light-curable resin (termed the 'Nanosheet Incorporated into light-curable REsin' or NIRE method). NIRE method can produce cranial windows conforming the curved cortical and cerebellar surfaces, without motion artifacts in awake mice, and maintain transparency for >5 months. In addition, we demonstrate that NIRE method can be used for in vivo two-photon imaging of neuronal ensembles, individual neurons and subcellular structures such as dendritic spines. The NIRE method can facilitate in vivo large-scale analysis of heretofore inaccessible neural processes, such as the neuroplastic changes associated with maturation, learning and neural pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Takahashi
- Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Medical and Robotic Engineering Design, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Masakazu Agetsuma
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Quantum Regenerative and Biomedical Engineering Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Chiba Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okamura
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
- Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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Takahashi T, Zhang H, Otomo K, Okamura Y, Nemoto T. Protocol for constructing an extensive cranial window utilizing a PEO-CYTOP nanosheet for in vivo wide-field imaging of the mouse brain. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100542. [PMID: 34027495 PMCID: PMC8134076 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale optical measurements have revealed the anatomical and functional connectivity among brain regions underlying brain functions. Here, we describe how to construct a cranial window utilizing a polyethylene-oxide-coated CYTOP (PEO-CYTOP) nanosheet that suppresses bleeding on the brain surface of mice. We demonstrate in vivo two-photon imaging through the PEO-CYTOP nanosheet at the subcellular resolution in the parietal region of the mouse brain. This protocol improves the surgical procedure and expands the optically observable regions, thereby promoting understanding of brain function. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Takahashi et al. (2020). Detailed protocol for constructing a vast cranial window for in vivo mouse brain imaging Preparation and brain-sealing method of PEO-CYTOP nanosheet Instruction to make a large cranial hole with a depressant for intracranial pressure
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Takahashi
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.,Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.,Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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3
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Suematsu Y, Tsai YA, Takeoka S, Franz CM, Arai S, Fujie T. Ultra-thin, transparent, porous substrates as 3D culture scaffolds for engineering ASC spheroids for high-magnification imaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6999-7008. [PMID: 32627797 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture is expected to reproduce biological tissues more representatively than monolayer culture, which is important for in vitro research such as drug screening. Recently, various cell culture substrates for spheroid engineering have been developed based on the prevention of cell adhesion. However, despite the expanded usability these substrates provide, they remain limited in terms of optical microscopy imaging of spheroids with high magnification lenses. This is because almost all substrates generated by nanoimprinting hamper the light passing through them owing to their low optical transparency caused by the thickness and surface structure. In this study, we achieved the preparation of spheroids from adipose-tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) on free-standing porous polymeric ultrathin films ("porous nanosheets") consisting of poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) with thickness of 120 nm and average pore diameter of 4 μm. ASCs migrated on the porous nanosheet, leading to the spontaneous organization of spheroids anchored via a cell monolayer. The porous nanosheet also provided more than twice the optical transparency in confocal and holographic microscopy observation compared to conventional nanoimprinted substrates for 3D cell culture (NanoCulture Dish). The internal structure of the organized spheroids could be clearly observed with 40× magnification. In addition, the engineered spheroids showed bioactivities indicated by mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Thus, porous nanosheets offer a unique cell culture substrate, not only for engineering 3D cellular organization from stem cells, but also for imaging detailed structure using light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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Koho SV, Slenders E, Tortarolo G, Castello M, Buttafava M, Villa F, Tcarenkova E, Ameloot M, Bianchini P, Sheppard CJR, Diaspro A, Tosi A, Vicidomini G. Two-photon image-scanning microscopy with SPAD array and blind image reconstruction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2905-2924. [PMID: 32637232 DOI: 10.1101/563288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation (2PE) laser scanning microscopy is the imaging modality of choice when one desires to work with thick biological samples. However, its spatial resolution is poor, below confocal laser scanning microscopy. Here, we propose a straightforward implementation of 2PE image scanning microscopy (2PE-ISM) that, by leveraging our recently introduced single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector and a novel blind image reconstruction method, is shown to enhance the effective resolution, as well as the overall image quality of 2PE microscopy. With our adaptive pixel reassignment procedure ∼1.6 times resolution increase is maintained deep into thick semi-transparent samples. The integration of Fourier ring correlation based semi-blind deconvolution is shown to further enhance the effective resolution by a factor of ∼2 - and automatic background correction is shown to boost the image quality especially in noisy images. Most importantly, our 2PE-ISM implementation requires no calibration measurements or other input from the user, which is an important aspect in terms of day-to-day usability of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami V Koho
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eli Slenders
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giorgio Tortarolo
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatiche, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Castello
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tcarenkova
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vicidomini
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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Koho SV, Slenders E, Tortarolo G, Castello M, Buttafava M, Villa F, Tcarenkova E, Ameloot M, Bianchini P, Sheppard CJR, Diaspro A, Tosi A, Vicidomini G. Two-photon image-scanning microscopy with SPAD array and blind image reconstruction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2905-2924. [PMID: 32637232 PMCID: PMC7316014 DOI: 10.1364/boe.374398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation (2PE) laser scanning microscopy is the imaging modality of choice when one desires to work with thick biological samples. However, its spatial resolution is poor, below confocal laser scanning microscopy. Here, we propose a straightforward implementation of 2PE image scanning microscopy (2PE-ISM) that, by leveraging our recently introduced single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector and a novel blind image reconstruction method, is shown to enhance the effective resolution, as well as the overall image quality of 2PE microscopy. With our adaptive pixel reassignment procedure ∼1.6 times resolution increase is maintained deep into thick semi-transparent samples. The integration of Fourier ring correlation based semi-blind deconvolution is shown to further enhance the effective resolution by a factor of ∼2 - and automatic background correction is shown to boost the image quality especially in noisy images. Most importantly, our 2PE-ISM implementation requires no calibration measurements or other input from the user, which is an important aspect in terms of day-to-day usability of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami V. Koho
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eli Slenders
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giorgio Tortarolo
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatiche, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Castello
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tcarenkova
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vicidomini
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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