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Valgas AAN, Cubas GK, de Oliveira DR, Araujo JF, Altenhofen S, Bonan CD, Oliveira GT, Verrastro L. Ecophysiological responses of Liolaemus arambarensis juveniles to experimental temperature variations. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 290:111577. [PMID: 38228266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change increasingly influences the loss of biodiversity, especially in ectothermic organisms, which depend on environmental temperatures to obtain heat and regulate their life cycle. Studies that aim to understand the impact of temperature variation are important to better understand the possible impacts generated on the homeostasis of ectothermic organisms. Our objective was to characterize the responses of juvenile Liolaemus arambarensis lizards to abrupt changes in temperature, quantifying markers of body condition, intermediary and hormonal metabolism and oxidative balance. We collected 45 juvenile individuals of L. arambarensis (winter: 20 and summer: 25) in Barra do Ribeiro, Brazil. We transported the animals to the laboratory, where they were acclimatized for five days at a temperature of 20 °C, then divided and exposed to temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C for 24 h. After exposure, the animals were euthanized and the brain, caudal muscle, thigh, and liver tissues were extracted for quantification of biomarkers of metabolism (glycogen and total proteins) and oxidative balance (acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and lipoperoxidation) and plasma for corticosterone quantification. The results show that L. arambarensis is susceptible to sudden temperature variations, where higher temperatures caused greater activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased lipoperoxidation and higher plasma levels of corticosterone in animals eliminated in winter. The present study demonstrated that abrupt changes in temperature could significantly modify the homeostatic mechanisms of animals, which could lead to oxidative stress and a potential trade-off between survival and growth/reproduction. In this context, the organism mobilizes energy resources for survival, with possible damage to growth and reproduction. Demonstrate that a change in temperature can be a potential factor in extinction for a species given the profile of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Antunes Navarro Valgas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Kasper Cubas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Reis de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Fonseca Araujo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block D, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block D, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Verrastro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abad CS, Tellkamp MP, Amaro IR, Spencer LM. Incidence of avian malaria in hummingbirds in humid premontane forests of Pichincha Province, Ecuador: A pilot study. Vet World 2021; 14:889-896. [PMID: 34083937 PMCID: PMC8167542 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.889-896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Avian malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoans of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. As a nonlethal disease, avian malaria can affect the lifespan and reproductive rate of birds. If there is a differential effect depending on bird species, then this disease might have a significant effect on avian biodiversity. The current study aimed to determine the incidence of Plasmodium in hummingbirds in humid premontane forest areas. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=60) were collected from hummingbirds from two areas (Santuario de Aves Milpe and Hacienda Puyucunapi) of Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Prevalence and parasitemia were determined by microscopic examination of blood smears stained with Giemsa reagent. Both study sites are part of a 1000 m elevational gradient; hence, elevation was used as a predictor variable for prevalence and parasitemia levels in a Mann–Whitney U-test. This test was also used to test for a sex bias. Results: This study reports on a total of 12 bird species that inhabit both study sites. At Milpe, the lower elevation site, a prevalence of 100% was recorded, whereas at Puyucunapi, the prevalence was 96%. The combined prevalence was 97%. Elevation and sex did not influence prevalence nor parasitemia in hummingbirds. Conclusion: This study does not suggest a significant elevation or sex bias on prevalence and parasitemia in hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Abad
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Markus P Tellkamp
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Isidro R Amaro
- Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Lilian M Spencer
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador.,Department of Cell Biology, Simón Bolívar University, AP 89000 Caracas, Venezuela
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