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Shirota Y, Akita M, Tajima S, Mochida T, Masaki K, Yumoto M. Origin coordinate influence on performance of temporally extended signal space separation in magnetoencephalography. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 163:143-151. [PMID: 38744104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporally extended signal space separation (tSSS) is a powerful method for artifact suppression in magnetoencephalography (MEG). Because tSSS first separates MEG signals coming from inside and outside a certain sphere, definition of the sphere origin is important. For this study, we explored the influence of origin choice on tSSS performance in spontaneous and evoked activity from epilepsy patients. METHODS Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) were processed with two tSSSs: one with the default origin of (0, 0, 40 mm) in the head coordinate, and the other with an individual origin estimated using each patient's anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) were calculated for the data. The ECD location and quality of estimation were compared across conditions. RESULTS MEG data from 21 patients revealed marginal differences in ECD location, but the estimation quality inferred from goodness of fit (GOF) and confidence volume (CV) was better for the tSSS with individual origins. This choice affected IEDs more than it affected SEFs. CONCLUSIONS Individual sphere model resulted in better GOF and CV. SIGNIFICANCE Application of tSSS using an individual origin would be more desirable when available. This parameter might influence spontaneous activity more strongly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Shirota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Megumi Akita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mochida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsura Masaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Yumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Mbonani TM, L'Abbé EN, Ridel AF. Automated reconstruction: Predictive models based on facial morphology matrices. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 359:112026. [PMID: 38677157 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Forensic Facial Approximation (FFA) has evolved, with techniques advancing to refine the intercorrelation between the soft-tissue facial profile and the underlying skull. FFA has become essential for identifying unknown persons in South Africa, where the high number of migrant and illegal labourers and many unidentified remains make the identification process challenging. However, existing FFA methods are based on American or European standards, rendering them inapplicable in a South African context. We addressed this issue by conducting a study to create prediction models based on the relationships between facial morphology and known factors, such as population affinity, sex, and age, in white South African and French samples. We retrospectively collected 184 adult cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans representing 76 white South Africans (29 males and 47 females) and 108 French nationals (54 males and 54 females) to develop predictive statistical models using a projection onto latent structures regression algorithm (PLSR). On training and untrained datasets, the accuracy of the estimated soft-tissue shape of the ears, eyes, nose, and mouth was measured using metric deviations. The predictive models were optimized by integrating additional variables such as sex and age. Based on trained data, the prediction errors for the ears, eyes, nose, and mouth ranged between 1.6 mm and 4.1 mm for white South Africans; for the French group, they ranged between 1.9 mm and 4.2 mm. Prediction errors on non-trained data ranged between 1.6 mm and 4.3 mm for white South Africans, whereas prediction errors ranging between 1.8 mm and 4.3 mm were observed for the French. Ultimately, our study provided promising predictive models. Although the statistical models can be improved, the inherent variability among individuals restricts the accuracy of FFA. The predictive validity of the models was improved by including sex and age variables and considering population affinity. By integrating these factors, more customized and accurate predictive models can be developed, ultimately strengthening the effectiveness of forensic analysis in the South African region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandolwethu Mbali Mbonani
- University of Pretoria, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tswelopele Building, Private Bag X323, Prinshof 349-Jr, Pretoria 0084, South Africa.
| | - Ericka Noelle L'Abbé
- University of Pretoria, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tswelopele Building, Private Bag X323, Prinshof 349-Jr, Pretoria 0084, South Africa.
| | - Alison Fany Ridel
- University of Pretoria, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tswelopele Building, Private Bag X323, Prinshof 349-Jr, Pretoria 0084, South Africa.
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Alimova SM, Sharobaro VI, Avdeev AE, Sidorenkov DA, Guseva TS. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Objective Diagnosis of Age-Related Soft Tissue Changes in Lower Face and Neck. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:2370-2377. [PMID: 37204468 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An objective assessment of the causes of age-related contour deformities of the soft tissues of the face and neck is very important in esthetic surgery, especially as minimally invasive techniques gain increasing popularity. METHODS To visualize the tissues that cause age-related soft tissue changes, we performed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in 37 patients who underwent facial and neck rejuvenation procedures in 2021-2022. RESULTS Vertical CBCT enabled visualization of the causes and degree of tissue involvement in age-related changes in the lower third of the face and neck. CBCT showed the location and condition of the platysma (hypo- [ptosis], normo-, or hyper-tonus), position, thickness, and location (above and/or below the platysma) of fat tissue, presence of ptosis of the submandibular salivary glands, condition of the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles, and the degree of their participation in contours of the cervicomandibular angle, and location of the hyoid bone. Moreover, CBCT enabled demonstrating for the patient the facial and neck contour deformations and discussing the suggested corrective methods using a clear objective visual image. CONCLUSIONS CBCT in the upright position enables objective assessment of each soft tissue in the age-related deformity of the cervicofacial region and provides an opportunity to plan the appropriate impact on the particular anatomical structures during rejuvenation procedures and estimate their results. This is the only study to date to objectively and clearly visualize the entire topographic anatomy of the soft tissues of the face and neck vertically for plastic surgeons and patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekina M Alimova
- Department of Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valentin I Sharobaro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey E Avdeev
- Department of Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Sidorenkov
- Department of Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Guseva
- Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Fernandes Fagundes NC, Loliencar P, MacLean JE, Flores-Mir C, Heo G. Characterization of craniofacial-based clinical phenotypes in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1857-1865. [PMID: 37401764 PMCID: PMC10620661 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We conducted this study to identify phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children based on lifestyle, sleep habits, age, obesity, sex, soft tissue facial features, and specific craniofacial abnormalities. METHODS Seventy-three children with symptoms of pediatric OSA who underwent overnight observed polysomnography participated in this study. Soft tissue facial features were assessed using a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric system. Craniofacial abnormalities were evaluated based on the most common facial features associated with orthodontic treatment needs. Data regarding lifestyle, sleep habits, age, obesity, and sex were also collected. To identify phenotypes of OSA, a sequential analysis was then performed on categories of variables using fuzzy clustering with medoids. RESULTS Craniofacial abnormalities and soft tissue facial features defined clusters. Three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 comprised a group of younger children (5.9 ± 3.8 years) without obesity, without craniofacial abnormalities, and with smaller soft tissue facial features dimensions. Cluster 2 comprised a group of older children (9.6 ± 3.9 years) without obesity and with larger mandibular dimensions and mildly arched palates (71.4%). Cluster 3 comprised a group of older children (9.2 ± 3.9 years) with obesity and a history of health issues (68.4%), excessive lower facial height (63.2%), and midface deficiency (73.7%). No differences were observed across clusters regarding sleep features. A moderate severity of obstructive and mixed respiratory events was observed in all 3 clusters. CONCLUSIONS The study results did not identify distinct phenotypes of pediatric OSA based on soft tissue facial features or craniofacial abnormalities alone. Age and body mass index likely modify the effect of soft tissue facial features and craniofacial abnormalities as risk factors for OSA in children. CITATION Fernandes Fagundes NC, Loliencar P, MacLean JE, Flores-Mir C, Heo G. Characterization of craniofacial-based clinical phenotypes in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(11):1857-1865.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prachi Loliencar
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanna E. MacLean
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Giseon Heo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Farman RM, Archer M, Hand SJ. A geometric morphometric analysis of variation in Australian frog ilia and taxonomic interpretations. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21642. [PMID: 37708503 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Anurans including frogs and toads exhibit an ilium that is often regarded as taxonomically diagnostic. The ilium, one of the three paired bones that make up the pelvic girdle, has been important in the fossil record for identifying anuran morphotypes. Osteological collections for Australian frogs are rare in herpetological museums, and skeletonizing whole-bodied specimens requires destroying soft tissue morphology which is valuable to anuran specialists working on living species. Computed tomography scans provide the opportunity to study anuran osteology without the loss of soft tissues. Our study, based on microcomputed tomography scans of extant Australian frogs from the public repository Morphosource and from museum collections focuses on the morphological differences between Australian frogs at the familial and generic levels using geometric morphometrics to compare the diagnostic shape of the ilium. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were conducted to assess differences in the ilium between supraspecific groups of Australian frogs. The canonical variates analysis accurately predicted group membership (i.e., the correct family) with up to 76.2% success for cross-validated predictions and 100% of original group predictions. While the sample was limited to familial and generic level analyses, our research shows that ilial morphology in Australian frogs is taxonomically informative. This research provides a guide for identifying Australian anurans, including fossils, as well as new information relevant to considerations about their phylogenetic relationships, and the potential use of the fossil record to enhance efforts to conserve threatened living frog species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M Farman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Archer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Hand
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Feng Q, Zhou J, Zhang G, Mei H, Su C, Jiang C, Zhang M, Jiang F, Liao G, Li J. Evaluation of optimal anterior-posterior position of upper incisors through ANS point: a retrospective study on a Chinese sample. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5947-5955. [PMID: 37599319 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine the optimal anterior-posterior (AP) position of upper incisors through Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS) point. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lateral cephalometric radiographic images of 690 patients were collected and divided into a derivation group and a validation group, and the former were subdivided into a proper AP position (PAP) group and an improper AP position (iPAP) group. The distance from facia-axis (FA) point of upper incisors to the line perpendicular to Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane through ANS (FA-ANS) was measured, and the relationship between FA-ANS and several cephalometric indices were studied through Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for different clinical indices were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of optimal AP position of upper incisors. RESULTS The average value of FA-ANS in PAP group was 0.57±1.99, which was significantly different from FA-ANS in iPAP group. Cephalometric indices such as U1-NA, U1-SN, AB-NPo, UL-TVL, Wits, and ANB were found to be correlated with FA-ANS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves represented a greater diagnostic efficiency of FA-ANS compared with other clinical indices. CONCLUSIONS ANS point, as a stable skeletal landmark, could be used to access an optimal AP position of upper incisors, providing aids to clinical diagnosis and treatment goal determination for clinical practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A new index FA-ANS, together with other traditional indices, could help determine the optimal position of upper incisors and provide a personalized therapeutic plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fulin Jiang
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gongjie Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Yamamoto S, Tanikawa C, Yamashiro T. Morphologic variations in the craniofacial structures in Japanese adults and their relationship with sex differences. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 163:e93-e105. [PMID: 36621352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The morphology of the human face varies broadly, with genetic and environmental factors determining these variations. Examining variations in the 3-dimensional (3D) craniomandibular morphology and identifying related factors (eg, sex differences) are important in orthodontic clinics. This study observed shape variations in the 3D facial morphology of Japanese adults showing skeletal Class 1 malocclusion and examined the association of sexual dimorphism with shape variations. METHODS Sixty cone-beam computed tomography images of Japanese adults (30 males and 30 females) with skeletal Class I malocclusion were employed. In each cone-beam computed tomography image, wire mesh fitting was conducted as previously described. A principal component (PC) analysis after Procrustes registration and the PC clustering method was conducted to observe the shape variations. A PC regression analysis was conducted to determine the sexual morphologic characteristics. RESULTS Nine PCs depicting 62% of the morphology were determined. Four typical phenotypes were found, mainly related to mandibular protrusion (PC1) and the vertical divergence of the face (PC2). PCs related to sex determination were PC3 (robustness of the mandibular angle in males), PC5 (greater size and shape of the coronoid and mastoid processes in males), and PC7 (greater maxillary width in males), accounting for 16% of total variations. CONCLUSIONS The major shape variations in skeletal Class 1 subjects were related to nonsexual dimorphic characteristics (ie, mandibular protrusion and facial divergence). Sexual dimorphic characteristics were evaluated in detail and accounted for 16% of total morphologic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Fuessinger MA, Metzger MC, Rothweiler R, Brandenburg LS, Schlager S. Cranial reconstruction evaluation - comparison of European statistical shape model performance on Chinese dataset. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101611. [PMID: 36120645 PMCID: PMC9478677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Morphological variability of the skull is an important consideration for cranioplasty and implant design. Differences in morphology of the skull based on the ethnicity are known. In a previous study we could show the accuracy and benefits of virtual reconstructions based on a statistical shape model (SSM) for neurocranial defects. As the SSM is trained on European data, the question arises how well this model fares when dealing with patients with a different ethnic background. In this study we aim to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of our proposed method when deploying a cranial SSM generated from European data to estimate missing parts of the neurocranium in a Chinese population. Methods We used the same data and methods as in our previous study and compared the outcomes when applied to Chinese individuals. A large unilateral defect on the right side and a bilateral defect were created. The outer surface of the cranial table was reconstructed from CT scans, meshed with triangular elements, and registered to a template. Principal component analysis together with Thin Plate Spines (TPS) deformation was applied to quantify modes of variation. The mesh to mesh distances between the original defects´ surfaces and the reconstructed surface were computed. Results Comparing the Chinese test group with the European control group, regarding the entire defect the analysis shows no significant difference for unilateral defects (test vs. control group/0.46 mm ± vs. 0.44 mm). Reconstruction of bilateral defects exhibited only in slightly higher prediction errors than those of unilateral defects (0.49 mm ± vs. 0.45 mm). Conclusion The proposed method shows a high accuracy that seems to be ethnical independent - with low error margins for virtual skull reconstruction and implant design. Clinical relevance: Metallic objects may severely impact image quality in several CBCT devices. Statistical shape modelling enables automatic skull reconstruction for computer assisted surgery Despite a Caucasian database, the statistical shape model can provide accurate results for other ethnic groups. The results facilitate the development of reconstruction algorithms, as the data basis can be kept smaller
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Anton Fuessinger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Christian Metzger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rene Rothweiler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Simon Brandenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlager
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hebelstr. 29, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Cranial and Odontological Methods for Sex Estimation—A Scoping Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091273. [PMID: 36143950 PMCID: PMC9505889 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of sex from osteological and dental records has long been an interdisciplinary field of dentistry, forensic medicine and anthropology alike, as it concerns all the above mentioned specialties. The aim of this article is to review the current literature regarding methods used for sex estimation based on the skull and the teeth, covering articles published between January 2015 and July 2022. New methods and new approaches to old methods are constantly emerging in this field, therefore resulting in the need to summarize the large amount of data available. Morphometric, morphologic and biochemical analysis were reviewed in living populations, autopsy cases and archaeological records. The cranial and odontological sex estimation methods are highly population-specific and there is a great need for these methods to be applied to and verified on more populations. Except for DNA analysis, which has a prediction accuracy of 100%, there is no other single method that can achieve such accuracy in predicting sex from cranial or odontological records.
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Tay W, Quek R, Kaur B, Lim J, Henry CJ. Use of Facial Morphology to Determine Nutritional Status in Older Adults: Opportunities and Challenges. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e33478. [PMID: 35849429 PMCID: PMC9345026 DOI: 10.2196/33478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undiagnosed malnutrition is a significant problem in high-income countries, which can reduce the quality of life of many individuals, particularly of older adults. Moreover, it can also inflate the costs of existing health care systems because of the many metabolic complications that it can cause. The current methods for assessing malnutrition can be cumbersome. A trained practitioner must be present to conduct an assessment, or patients must travel to facilities with specialized equipment to obtain their measurements. Therefore, digital health care is a possible way of closing this gap as it is rapidly gaining traction as a scalable means of improving efficiency in the health care system. It allows for the remote monitoring of nutritional status without requiring the physical presence of practitioners or the use of advanced medical equipment. As such, there is an increasing interest in expanding the range of digital applications to facilitate remote monitoring and management of health issues. In this study, we discuss the feasibility of a novel digital remote method for diagnosing malnutrition using facial morphometrics. Many malnutrition screening assessments include subjective assessments of the head and the face. Facial appearance is often used by clinicians as the first point of qualitative indication of health status. Hence, there may be merit in quantifying these subtle but observable changes using facial morphometrics. Modern advancements in artificial intelligence, data science, sensors, and computing technologies allow facial features to be accurately digitized, which could potentially allow these previously intuitive assessments to be quantified. This study aims to stimulate further discussion and discourse on how this emerging technology can be used to provide real-time access to nutritional status. The use of facial morphometrics extends the use of currently available technology and may provide a scalable, easily deployable solution for nutritional status to be monitored in real time. This will enable clinicians and dietitians to keep track of patients remotely and provide the necessary intervention measures as required, as well as providing health care institutions and policy makers with essential information that can be used to inform and enable targeted public health approaches within affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Tay
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rina Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhupinder Kaur
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Ainuz BY, Hallac RR, Kane AA. Longitudinal composite 3D faces and facial growth trends in children 6-11 years of age using 3D cephalometric surface imaging. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:540-549. [PMID: 34930071 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.2012257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normative craniofacial anthropometry provides clinically important reference values used in the treatment of craniofacial conditions. Few objective datasets of normative data exist for children. AIM To establish normative data regarding craniofacial morphology changes with growth in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 3D surface images of the same group of healthy children aged 6 - 11 years old recruited from a Dallas school were taken annually between the years 2015 - 2020. Composite 3D cephalometric faces were created for boys and girls of each age. General and craniofacial anthropometric measurements were compared. RESULTS Seven hundred ninety one individual stereophotogrammetric acquisitions were used (400 boys, 391 girls) taken from 180 children. Linear facial, orbital, nasal, and oral anthropometric measurements revealed a consistent increase in magnitude with age. Composite 3D face comparisons revealed prominent vertical and anteroposterior growth trends in the lower and upper facial regions. CONCLUSION This study presents a longitudinal 3D control dataset of the same group of children over a 6-year period that can serve as reference norms for facial growth values and trends in children aged 6-11 years. The composite 3D normative faces are available for clinical and research purposes upon request, which may be interrogated and measured according to user need and preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Y Ainuz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.,Analytical Imaging and Modeling Center, Childrens Health Systems of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rami R Hallac
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.,Analytical Imaging and Modeling Center, Childrens Health Systems of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alex A Kane
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.,Analytical Imaging and Modeling Center, Childrens Health Systems of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
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