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Frizzera D, Zanni V, Seffin E, de Miranda JR, Marroni F, Annoscia D, Nazzi F. Assessing lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides on honey bees in a multifactorial context. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174892. [PMID: 39034005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The registration of novel pesticides that are subsequently banned because of their unexpected negative effects on non-target species can have a huge environmental impact. Therefore, the pre-emptive evaluation of the potential effects of new compounds is essential. To this aim both lethal and sublethal effects should be assessed in a realistic scenario including the other stressors that can interact with pesticides. However, laboratory studies addressing such interactive effects are rare, while standardized laboratory-based protocols focus on lethal effects and not on sub-lethal effects. We propose to assess both lethal and sublethal effects in a multifactorial context including the other stressors affecting the non-target species. We tested this approach by studying the impact on honey bees of the insecticide sulfoxaflor in combination with a common parasite, a sub-optimal temperature and food deprivation. We studied the survival and the transcriptome of honey bees, to assess both the lethal and the potential sublethal effects of the insecticide, respectively. With this method we show that a field realistic concentration of sulfoxaflor in food does not affect the survival of honey bees; however, the significant impact on some key genes indicates that sublethal effects are possible in a realistically complex scenario. Moreover, our results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of a novel approach to hazard assessment considering the interactive effects of pesticides. We anticipate our approach to be a starting point for a paradigm shift in toxicology: from an unifactorial, mortality-centered assessment to a multifactorial, comprehensive approach. This is something of the utmost importance to preserve pollination, thus contributing to the sustainability of our food production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Frizzera
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Virginia Zanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Seffin
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Marroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Desiderato Annoscia
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Mahillon M, Brodard J, Dubuis N, Gugerli P, Blouin AG, Schumpp O. Mixed infection of ITPase-encoding potyvirid and secovirid in Mercurialis perennis: evidences for a convergent euphorbia-specific viral counterstrike. Virol J 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38178191 PMCID: PMC10768138 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cellular organisms, inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatases (ITPases) prevent the incorporation of mutagenic deaminated purines into nucleic acids. These enzymes have also been detected in the genomes of several plant RNA viruses infecting two euphorbia species. In particular, two ipomoviruses produce replicase-associated ITPases to cope with high concentration of non-canonical nucleotides found in cassava tissues. METHOD Using high-throughput RNA sequencing on the wild euphorbia species Mercurialis perennis, two new members of the families Potyviridae and Secoviridae were identified. Both viruses encode for a putative ITPase, and were found in mixed infection with a new partitivirid. Following biological and genomic characterization of these viruses, the origin and function of the phytoviral ITPases were investigated. RESULTS While the potyvirid was shown to be pathogenic, the secovirid and partitivirid could not be transmitted. The secovirid was found belonging to a proposed new Comovirinae genus tentatively named "Mercomovirus", which also accommodates other viruses identified through transcriptome mining, and for which an asymptomatic pollen-associated lifestyle is suspected. Homology and phylogenetic analyses inferred that the ITPases encoded by the potyvirid and secovirid were likely acquired through independent horizontal gene transfer events, forming lineages distinct from the enzymes found in cassava ipomoviruses. Possible origins from cellular organisms are discussed for these proteins. In parallel, the endogenous ITPase of M. perennis was predicted to encode for a C-terminal nuclear localization signal, which appears to be conserved among the ITPases of euphorbias but absent in other plant families. This subcellular localization is in line with the idea that nucleic acids remain protected in the nucleus, while deaminated nucleotides accumulate in the cytoplasm where they act as antiviral molecules. CONCLUSION Three new RNA viruses infecting M. perennis are described, two of which encoding for ITPases. These enzymes have distinct origins, and are likely required by viruses to circumvent high level of cytoplasmic non-canonical nucleotides. This putative plant defense mechanism has emerged early in the evolution of euphorbias, and seems to specifically target certain groups of RNA viruses infecting perennial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mahillon
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Justine Brodard
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Dubuis
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Paul Gugerli
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud G Blouin
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Schumpp
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland.
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Huang M, Dong J, Yang S, Xiao M, Guo H, Zhang J, Wang D. Ecotoxicological effects of common fungicides on the eastern honeybee Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161637. [PMID: 36649770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of fungicides for plant protection has increased the potential for pollinator exposure. This study therefore aimed at assessing the acute and chronic effects of fungicides on pollinators. For this purpose, the acute oral toxicity of the common fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid to Eastern honeybee Apis cerana cerena was first evaluated, and the chronic effects on multiple aspects were investigated after exposure to a one-tenth medium lethal dose (LD50) for 10 days. This study revealed that the LD50 values of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and boscalid for adult Eastern honeybees were 12.7 μg/bee, 36.6 μg/bee, and >119 μg/bee, respectively. Midgut epithelial cells revealed that fungicide exposure caused increased intercellular spaces and varying degrees of vacuolization. Exposure to these three fungicides and their binary mixtures significantly affected glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism in Eastern honeybee midguts. Additionally, the relative composition of Lactobacillus, the dominant functional genus in Eastern honeybee guts decreased and microbial balance was disrupted. All fungicides and their mixtures induced strong transcriptional upregulation of genes associated with the immune response and encoding enzymes related to oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism, including abaecin, apidaecin, hymenotaecin, cyp4c3, cyp6a2 and hbg3. Our study provides important insight for understanding the effects of commonly used fungicides on nontarget pollinator and contributes to a more comprehensive assessment of fungicide effects on ecological and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shuyuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Minghui Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Haikun Guo
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Deqian Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Liu P, Niu J, Zhu Y, Li Z, Ye L, Cao H, Shi T, Yu L. Apilactobacillus kunkeei Alleviated Toxicity of Acetamiprid in Honeybee. INSECTS 2022; 13:1167. [PMID: 36555077 PMCID: PMC9784809 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, colony collapse disorder extensively affects honeybees. Insecticides, including acetamiprid, are considered as critical factors. As prevalent probiotics, we speculated that supplementation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could alleviate acetamiprid-induced health injuries in honeybees. Apilactobacillus kunkeei was isolated from beebread; it significantly increased the survival of honeybees under acetamiprid exportation (from 84% to 92%). Based on 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, information on the intestinal bacteria of honeybees was acquired. The results showed that supplementation with A. kunkeei significantly increased survival and decreased pollen consumption by honeybees under acetamiprid exportation. Under acetamiprid exportation, some opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria invaded the intestinal regions. Subsequently, the community richness and diversity of symbiotic microbiota were decreased. The community structure of intestinal bacteria was changed and differentiated. However, with the supplementation of A. kunkeei, the community richness and community diversity of symbiotic microbiota showed an upward trend, and the community structure was stabilized. Our results showed that A. kunkeei alleviated acetamiprid-induced symbiotic microbiota dysregulation and mortality in honeybees. This demonstrates the importance of symbiotic microbiota in honeybees and supports the application of Apilactobacillus kunkeei as probiotics in beekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jingheng Niu
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yejia Zhu
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Plant Protection, Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tengfei Shi
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- School of Plant Protection, Apiculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230031, China
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Barascou L, Sene D, Barraud A, Michez D, Lefebvre V, Medrzycki P, Di Prisco G, Strobl V, Yañez O, Neumann P, Le Conte Y, Alaux C. Pollen nutrition fosters honeybee tolerance to pesticides. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210818. [PMID: 34540259 PMCID: PMC8437229 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A reduction in floral resource abundance and diversity is generally observed in agro-ecosystems, along with widespread exposure to pesticides. Therefore, a better understanding on how the availability and quality of pollen diets can modulate honeybee sensitivity to pesticides is required. For that purpose, we evaluated the toxicity of acute exposure and chronic exposures to field realistic and higher concentrations of azoxystrobin (fungicide) and sulfoxaflor (insecticide) in honeybees provided with pollen diets of differing qualities (named S and BQ pollens). We found that pollen intake reduced the toxicity of the acute doses of pesticides. Contrary to azoxystrobin, chronic exposures to sulfoxaflor increased by 1.5- to 12-fold bee mortality, which was reduced by pollen intake. Most importantly, the risk of death upon exposure to a high concentration of sulfoxaflor was significantly lower for the S pollen diet when compared with the BQ pollen diet. This reduced pesticide toxicity was associated with a higher gene expression of vitellogenin, a glycoprotein that promotes bee longevity, a faster sulfoxaflor metabolization and a lower concentration of the phytochemical p-coumaric acid, known to upregulate detoxification enzymes. Thus, our study revealed that pollen quality can influence the ability of bees to metabolize pesticides and withstand their detrimental effects, providing another strong argument for the restoration of suitable foraging habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Sene
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Alexandre Barraud
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Victor Lefebvre
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Piotr Medrzycki
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gennaro Di Prisco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research-Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orlando Yañez
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Cedric Alaux
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
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