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Wolfgang A, Temme N, Tilcher R, Berg G. Understanding the sugar beet holobiont for sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151052. [PMID: 37138624 PMCID: PMC10149816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of crop-associated microbiomes for the health and field performance of plants has been demonstrated in the last decades. Sugar beet is the most important source of sucrose in temperate climates, and-as a root crop-yield heavily depends on genetics as well as on the soil and rhizosphere microbiomes. Bacteria, fungi, and archaea are found in all organs and life stages of the plant, and research on sugar beet microbiomes contributed to our understanding of the plant microbiome in general, especially of microbiome-based control strategies against phytopathogens. Attempts to make sugar beet cultivation more sustainable are increasing, raising the interest in biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests, biofertilization and -stimulation as well as microbiome-assisted breeding. This review first summarizes already achieved results on sugar beet-associated microbiomes and their unique traits, correlating to their physical, chemical, and biological peculiarities. Temporal and spatial microbiome dynamics during sugar beet ontogenesis are discussed, emphasizing the rhizosphere formation and highlighting knowledge gaps. Secondly, potential or already tested biocontrol agents and application strategies are discussed, providing an overview of how microbiome-based sugar beet farming could be performed in the future. Thus, this review is intended as a reference and baseline for further sugar beet-microbiome research, aiming to promote investigations in rhizosphere modulation-based biocontrol options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wolfgang
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Nora Temme
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Einbeck, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gabriele Berg
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Martínez-Gómez Á, Poveda J, Escobar C. Overview of the use of biochar from main cereals to stimulate plant growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912264. [PMID: 35982693 PMCID: PMC9378993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The total global food demand is expected to increase up to 50% between 2010 and 2050; hence, there is a clear need to increase plant productivity with little or no damage to the environment. In this respect, biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter at high temperatures with a limited oxygen supply, with different physicochemical characteristics that depend on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. When used as a soil amendment, it has shown many positive environmental effects such as carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil improvement. Biochar application has also shown huge benefits when applied to agri-systems, among them, the improvement of plant growth either in optimal conditions or under abiotic or biotic stress. Several mechanisms, such as enhancing the soil microbial diversity and thus increasing soil nutrient-cycling functions, improving soil physicochemical properties, stimulating the microbial colonization, or increasing soil P, K, or N content, have been described to exert these positive effects on plant growth, either alone or in combination with other resources. In addition, it can also improve the plant antioxidant defenses, an evident advantage for plant growth under stress conditions. Although agricultural residues are generated from a wide variety of crops, cereals account for more than half of the world's harvested area. Yet, in this review, we will focus on biochar obtained from residues of the most common and relevant cereal crops in terms of global production (rice, wheat, maize, and barley) and in their use as recycled residues to stimulate plant growth. The harvesting and processing of these crops generate a vast number and variety of residues that could be locally recycled into valuable products such as biochar, reducing the waste management problem and accomplishing the circular economy premise. However, very scarce literature focused on the use of biochar from a crop to improve its own growth is available. Herein, we present an overview of the literature focused on this topic, compiling most of the studies and discussing the urgent need to deepen into the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the beneficial effects of biochar on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Stavridou E, Giannakis I, Karamichali I, Kamou NN, Lagiotis G, Madesis P, Emmanouil C, Kungolos A, Nianiou-Obeidat I, Lagopodi AL. Biosolid-Amended Soil Enhances Defense Responses in Tomato Based on Metagenomic Profile and Expression of Pathogenesis-Related Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2789. [PMID: 34961260 PMCID: PMC8709368 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biosolid application is an effective strategy, alternative to synthetic chemicals, for enhancing plant growth and performance and improving soil properties. In previous research, biosolid application has shown promising results with respect to tomato resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl). Herein, we aimed at elucidating the effect of biosolid application on the plant-microbiome response mechanisms for tomato resistance against Forl at a molecular level. More specifically, plant-microbiome interactions in the presence of biosolid application and the biocontrol mechanism against Forl in tomato were investigated. We examined whether biosolids application in vitro could act as an inhibitor of growth and sporulation of Forl. The effect of biosolid application on the biocontrol of Forl was investigated based on the enhanced plant resistance, measured as expression of pathogen-response genes, and pathogen suppression in the context of soil microbiome diversity, abundance, and predicted functions. The expression of the pathogen-response genes was variably induced in tomato plants in different time points between 12 and 72 h post inoculation in the biosolid-enriched treatments, in the presence or absence of pathogens, indicating activation of defense responses in the plant. This further suggests that biosolid application resulted in a successful priming of tomato plants inducing resistance mechanisms against Forl. Our results have also demonstrated that biosolid application alters microbial diversity and the predicted soil functioning, along with the relative abundance of specific phyla and classes, as a proxy for disease suppression. Overall, the use of biosolid as a sustainable soil amendment had positive effects not only on plant health and protection, but also on growth of non-pathogenic antagonistic microorganisms against Forl in the tomato rhizosphere and thus, on plant-soil microbiome interactions, toward biocontrol of Forl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Stavridou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (I.K.); (G.L.); (P.M.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giannakis
- School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioanna Karamichali
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (I.K.); (G.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Nathalie N. Kamou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Lagiotis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (I.K.); (G.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (I.K.); (G.L.); (P.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Christina Emmanouil
- School of Spatial Planning and Development, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Kungolos
- School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Irini Nianiou-Obeidat
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia L. Lagopodi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Mayerhofer J, Thuerig B, Oberhaensli T, Enderle E, Lutz S, Ahrens CH, Fuchs JG, Widmer F. Indicative bacterial communities and taxa of disease-suppressing and growth-promoting composts and their associations to the rhizoplane. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6373440. [PMID: 34549287 PMCID: PMC8478479 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compost applications vary in their plant growth promotion and plant disease suppression, likely due to differences in physico-chemical and biological parameters. Our hypothesis was that bacteria are important for plant growth promotion and disease suppression of composts and, therefore, composts having these traits would contain similar sets of indicative bacterial taxa. Seventeen composts prepared from five different commercial providers and different starting materials were classified accordingly with bioassays using cress plants and the pathogen Pythium ultimum. Using a metabarcoding approach, bacterial communities were assessed in bulk composts and cress rhizoplanes. Six and nine composts showed significant disease suppression or growth promotion, respectively, but these traits did not correlate. Growth promotion correlated positively with nitrate content of composts, whereas disease suppression correlated negatively with factors representing compost age. Growth promotion and disease suppression explained significant portions of variation in bacterial community structures, i.e. 11.5% and 14.7%, respectively. Among the sequence variants (SVs) associated with growth promotion, Microvirga, Acinetobacter, Streptomyces, Bradyrhizobium and Bacillus were highly promising, while in suppressive composts, Ureibacillus,Thermogutta and Sphingopyxis were most promising. Associated SVs represent the basis for developing prediction tools for growth promotion and disease suppression, a highly desired goal for targeted compost production and application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Thuerig
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Oberhaensli
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Eileen Enderle
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Lutz
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Agroscope, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Christian H Ahrens
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Agroscope, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics and Proteogenomics, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Jacques G Fuchs
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Franco Widmer
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
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Clocchiatti A, Hannula SE, Rizaludin MS, Hundscheid MPJ, klein Gunnewiek PJA, Schilder MT, Postma J, de Boer W. Impact of Cellulose-Rich Organic Soil Amendments on Growth Dynamics and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061285. [PMID: 34204724 PMCID: PMC8231496 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-rich amendments stimulate saprotrophic fungi in arable soils. This may increase competitive and antagonistic interactions with root-infecting pathogenic fungi, resulting in lower disease incidence. However, cellulose-rich amendments may also stimulate pathogenic fungi with saprotrophic abilities, thereby increasing plant disease severity. The current study explores these scenarios, with a focus on the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Saprotrophic growth of R. solani on cellulose-rich materials was tested in vitro. This confirmed paper pulp as a highly suitable substrate for R. solani, whereas its performance on wood sawdusts varied with tree species. In two pot experiments, the effects of amendment of R. solani-infected soil with cellulose-rich materials on performance of beetroot seedlings were tested. All deciduous sawdusts and paper pulp stimulated soil fungal biomass, but only oak, elder and beech sawdusts reduced damping-off of beetroot. Oak sawdust amendment gave a consistent stimulation of saprotrophic Sordariomycetes fungi and of seedling performance, independently of the time between amendment and sowing. In contrast, paper pulp caused a short-term increase in R. solani abundance, coinciding with increased disease severity for beet seedlings sown immediately after amendment. However, damping-off of beetroot was reduced if plants were sown two or four weeks after paper pulp amendment. Cellulolytic bacteria, including Cytophagaceae, responded to paper pulp during the first two weeks and may have counteracted further spread of R. solani. The results showed that fungus-stimulating, cellulose-rich amendments have potential to be used for suppression of R. solani. However, such amendments require a careful consideration of material choice and application strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Clocchiatti
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.R.); (M.P.J.H.); (P.J.A.k.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (W.d.B.)
| | - Silja Emilia Hannula
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Muhammad Syamsu Rizaludin
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.R.); (M.P.J.H.); (P.J.A.k.G.)
| | - Maria P. J. Hundscheid
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.R.); (M.P.J.H.); (P.J.A.k.G.)
| | - Paulien J. A. klein Gunnewiek
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.R.); (M.P.J.H.); (P.J.A.k.G.)
| | - Mirjam T. Schilder
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Joeke Postma
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.R.); (M.P.J.H.); (P.J.A.k.G.)
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (W.d.B.)
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Akanmu AO, Babalola OO, Venturi V, Ayilara MS, Adeleke BS, Amoo AE, Sobowale AA, Fadiji AE, Glick BR. Plant Disease Management: Leveraging on the Plant-Microbe-Soil Interface in the Biorational Use of Organic Amendments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700507. [PMID: 34394153 PMCID: PMC8360880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is faced with many challenges including loss of biodiversity, chemical contamination of soils, and plant pests and diseases, all of which can directly compromise plant productivity and health. In addition, inadequate agricultural practices which characterize conventional farming play a contributory role in the disruption of the plant-microbe and soil-plant interactions. This review discusses the role of organic amendments in the restoration of soil health and plant disease management. While the use of organic amendments in agriculture is not new, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its safe and proper deployment. Hence, a biorational approach of organic amendment use to achieve sustainable agricultural practices entails the deployment of botanicals, microbial pesticides, and organic minerals as organic amendments for attaining plant fitness and disease suppression. Here, the focus is on the rhizosphere microbial communities. The role of organic amendments in stimulating beneficial microbe quorum formation related to the host-plant-pathogen interactions, and its role in facilitating induced systemic resistance and systemic-acquired resistance against diseases was evaluated. Organic amendments serve as soil conditioners, and their mechanism of action needs to be further elaborated to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Olubukola Oluranti Babalola,
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Modupe Stella Ayilara
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Adenike Eunice Amoo
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Bonanomi G, Jesu G, Zotti M, Idbella M, d'Errico G, Laudonia S, Vinale F, Abd-ElGawad A. Biochar-derived smoke-water exerts biological effects on nematodes, insects, and higher plants but not fungi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142307. [PMID: 33182215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of organic feedstock yields the solid fraction biochar, bio-oils, and a volatile fraction that can be reused for energetic purposes or technological applications in agro-ecosystems in the form of smoke-water (SW). In this study, 10 SW types were created from five organic feedstocks (i.e. cellulose, wood sawdust, olive mill residues, maize, and alfalfa litter) at two pyrolysis temperatures (i.e. 300 and 500 °C). We characterized SW using liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) combined with a multi-species bioassay including five crop plants, four fungi, one root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), and the olive fly pest (Bactrocera oleae). All SW types were acidic, exhibiting a pH range of 1.9-4.6. LC-MS analysis revealed differences in the chemical profiles of SW types in relation to the organic feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. All SW types exerted concentration-dependent effects on crops, with evident phytotoxic activity at high concentrations. Conversely, they exerted stimulatory effects when diluted with water at ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:1000. Moreover, all SW types displayed slight or null fungitoxic activity. On the contrary, SW strongly inhibited egg hatching by M. incognita after 72 and 144 h of incubation. The strongest inhibition was found for olive mill SW, and the weakest effect was noted for alfalfa SW. Finally, the application of SW over fresh olives reversed the attraction of B. oleae adults, demonstrating a strong repellent effect toward this pest. Nevertheless, only olive mill SW consistently attracted B. oleae. In conclusion, biochar SW exhibited notable biological activities and potential applications for plant growth promotion, if opportunely diluted, and for the control of root-knot nematodes and olive fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Jesu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Mohamed Idbella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy; Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Giada d'Errico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Stefania Laudonia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, NA, Italy; University of Naples "Federico II"-Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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