1
|
Mrak T, Grebenc T, Friedrich S, Münzenberger B. Description, identification, and growth of Tuber borchii Vittad. mycorrhized Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings on different lime contents. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:85-94. [PMID: 38236414 PMCID: PMC10998771 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Tuber borchii forms ectomycorrhiza with oaks, hazel, and pines, including Pinus sylvestris. However, its ectomycorrhiza morphotype with P. sylvestris was not comprehensively described so far, and molecular analyses are missing despite a high danger of misidentification of T. borchii ectomycorrhiza with other closely related and less valuable truffle species. We described for the first time the morphology and anatomy of T. borchii-P. sylvestris ectomycorrhiza using differential interference contrast technique and semi-thin sections in combination with molecular confirmation of identity. Color of ectomycorrhiza is reddish to dark brown, and morphotypes are unevenly but densely covered by warts-bearing pin-like cystidia. All layers of the hyphal mantle are pseudoparenchymatous with outer mantle layer formed of epidermoid cells. T. borchii ectomycorrhiza was identified by a molecular comparison with fruitbodies used for inoculation and its respective ectomycorrhizae. T. borchii has a wide ecological amplitude. To get a better insight in mycorrhization requirements, we investigated growth of P. sylvestris and its ectomycorrhiza infection rate with T. borchii in substrate with different lime content. The mycorrhization of P. sylvestris with T. borchii in the mycorrhization substrate and cultivation in greenhouse conditions was successful, with colonization of P. sylvestris varying between 36.5 and 48.1%. There was no significant correlation of mycorrhization to applied lime contents, and consequently to pH in substrate, while the increased levels of lime improved growth of the P. sylvestris seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mrak
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Silke Friedrich
- Truffle Nursery, Schneckleinsberg 5, 91788, Pappenheim, Germany
| | - Babette Münzenberger
- Department of Fungal Interactions, Research Area 1 'Landscape Functioning', Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cabral TS, da Silva BDB, Vargas-Isla R, de Oliveira JJS, Ferreira JADS, Castro L, Martín MP, Ishikawa NK. Diversity of Neotropical stalked-puffball: Two new species of Tulostoma with reticulated spores. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294672. [PMID: 38091271 PMCID: PMC10718411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Tulostoma are easily recognizable by the presence of a spore sac, with a mouth from which spores are released, attached to a stipe. Tulostoma is a species-diverse genus with a worldwide distribution, and some attempts were made to delimitate species and to evaluate reliable taxonomic-informative characteristics for species identification. However, there is a notable information gap regarding Neotropical species, especially for geographic distribution and DNA data, which hampers further understanding of the infrageneric diversity, evolution, and ecology of this genus. Based on morphological analysis, molecular phylogenetics and geographic distribution, we propose here two new species of Tulostoma with reticulated spores, from the two threatened Brazilian geographical areas, Atlantic Forest and "campos rupestres" (rupestrian grassland), as well as we provide notes on the taxonomic rank of Tulostoma exasperatum var. ridleyi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiara Sousa Cabral
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Ruby Vargas-Isla
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jadson José Souza de Oliveira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Castro
- Fazenda Bananal, Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - María Paz Martín
- Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemia Kazue Ishikawa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabral TS, Melanda GCS, de Assis NM, Ovrebo C, Baseia IG, Martín MP. Loosening the belt: unknown diversity of the strangled stinkhorn genus Staheliomyces (Phallales, Basidiomycota). Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Cao B, Haelewaters D, Schoutteten N, Begerow D, Boekhout T, Giachini AJ, Gorjón SP, Gunde-Cimerman N, Hyde KD, Kemler M, Li GJ, Liu DM, Liu XZ, Nuytinck J, Papp V, Savchenko A, Savchenko K, Tedersoo L, Theelen B, Thines M, Tomšovský M, Toome-Heller M, Urón JP, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Yurkov AM, Zamora JC, Zhao RL. Delimiting species in Basidiomycota: a review. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
5
|
Melanda GCS, Silva-Filho AGS, Lenz AR, Menolli N, de Lima ADA, Ferreira RJ, de Assis NM, Cabral TS, Martín MP, Baseia IG. An Overview of 24 Years of Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in Phallales ( Basidiomycota) With Notes on Systematics, Geographic Distribution, Lifestyle, and Edibility. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689374. [PMID: 34305850 PMCID: PMC8299787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The order Phallales (Basidiomycota) is represented by gasteroid fungi with expanded and sequestrate basidiomata, known as stinkhorns and false truffles. In phalloids, the first DNA sequence was published in 1997, and after that, some studies aimed to resolve phylogenetic conflicts and propose new species based on DNA markers; however, the number of families and genera in the order still generates controversies among researchers. Thus, this work aims to provide an overview of Phallales diversity represented by selected DNA markers available in public databases. We retrieved Phallales sequences from DNA databases (GenBank and UNITE) of seven markers: ITS (internal transcribed spacer), nuc-LSU (nuclear large subunit rDNA), nuc-SSU (nuclear small subunit rDNA), mt-SSU (mitochondrial small subunit rDNA), ATP6 (ATPase subunit 6), RPB2 (nuclear protein-coding second largest subunit of RNA polymerase), and TEF1-α (translation elongation factor subunit 1α). To compose our final dataset, all ITS sequences retrieved were subjected to BLASTn searches to identify additional ITS sequences not classified as Phallales. Phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches using single and combined markers were conducted. All ITS sequences were clustered with a cutoff of 98% in order to maximize the number of species hypotheses. The geographic origin of sequences was retrieved, as well as additional information on species lifestyle and edibility. We obtained a total of 1,149 sequences, representing 664 individuals. Sequences of 41 individuals were unidentified at genus level and were assigned to five distinct families. We recognize seven families and 22 genera in Phallales, although the delimitation of some genera must be further revisited in order to recognize only monophyletic groups. Many inconsistencies in species identification are discussed, and the positioning of genera in each family is shown. The clustering revealed 118 species hypotheses, meaning that approximately 20% of all described species in Phallales have DNA sequences available. Information related to geographic distribution represents 462 individuals distributed in 46 countries on all continents, except Antarctica. Most genera are saprotrophic with only one putative ectomycorrhizal genus, and 2.1% of the legitimate specific names recognized in Phallales are confirmed edible species. Great progress in the molecular analyses of phalloids has already been made over these years, but it is still necessary to solve some taxonomic inconsistencies, mainly at genus level, and generate new data to expand knowledge of the group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine C. S. Melanda
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rafael Lenz
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Colegiado de Sistemas de Informação, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nelson Menolli
- Departamento de Ciências e Matemática, Subárea de Biologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica (IBt), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandro de Andrade de Lima
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Mendonça de Assis
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Tiara S. Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - María P. Martín
- Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico – CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iuri Goulart Baseia
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|