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Zou K, Wang L, Lu W, Feng P, Chen J, Li H. Hardware algorithm design and validation for nuclear radiation imaging based on Monte Carlo simulation. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 206:111228. [PMID: 38364613 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear radiation imaging technology, aimed at illustrating the position and distribution of radioactive sources, has undergone extensive research. By relying on a simulated radiation imaging system for data acquisition, we can significantly expedite the development cycle of these imaging instruments. Establishing simulated experimental scenarios and radiation imaging systems is of paramount significance in obtaining output signals for algorithmic testing and validation. This study is divided into two parts: simulation and hardware algorithm. In the simulation part, precise simulation of scintillation light transport in a crystal was achieved using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. A LaBr3(Ce) detector system was simulated by digitizing photon interactions. In the hardware algorithm part, a positioning algorithm based on a fully connected neural network was implemented and optimized using a heterogeneous distributed storage approach. The system validated and assessed the FPGA-based neural network gamma camera positioning algorithm, demonstrating significant consistency with computer-generated images in capturing the shape and dispersion of radioactive sources (planar, multi-point, and ring-shaped).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Zou
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610059, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Penglei Feng
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Junqiao Chen
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610059, China
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Barbaro D, Campennì A, Forleo R, Lapi P. False-positive radioiodine uptake after radioiodine treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2023:10.1007/s12020-023-03338-2. [PMID: 36928601 PMCID: PMC10018599 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE False-positive radioiodine uptake can sometimes be observed with post-radioiodine treatment (RIT) whole body scanning. Radioiodine pitfall has often been reported as being caused by benign or inflammatory disease, or, in some cases, by tumor lesions. This paper reviews the possible causes of such false-positive imaging, and suggests possible reasons for suspecting these pitfalls. METHODS AND RESULTS Online databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were systematically examined, using different keyword combinations: "radioiodine false-positive imaging", "131 I false-positive imaging" and " RAI false-positive imaging". An illustrative case was described. Excluding cases in which SPECT/CT was not performed, a total of 18 papers was found: 17 case reports and one series regarding false-positive iodine-131 uptake after RIT. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of radioiodine pitfall was significantly reduced through the use of SPECT/CT imaging, though its possible presence has always to be taken into account. Inflammation, passive iodine accumulation, other tumors, and, sometimes, unknown causes can all potentially generate false-positive imaging. Missing detection of false-positive imaging could result in over-staging and inappropriate RIT or it could lead to the non-detection of other cancers. We examine the reasons for these possible pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Paola Lapi
- U.O Endocrinology ASL North West, Tuscany, Italy
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Lin MC, Tseng VS, Lin CS, Chiu SW, Pan LK, Pan LF. Quantitative Prediction of SYNTAX Score for Cardiovascular Artery Disease Patients via the Inverse Problem Algorithm Technique as Artificial Intelligence Assessment in Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123180. [PMID: 36553187 PMCID: PMC9777487 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative prediction of the SYNTAX score for cardiovascular artery disease patients using the inverse problem algorithm (IPA) technique in artificial intelligence was explored in this study. A 29-term semi-empirical formula was defined according to seven risk factors: (1) age, (2) mean arterial pressure, (3) body surface area, (4) pre-prandial blood glucose, (5) low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, (6) Troponin I, and (7) C-reactive protein. Then, the formula was computed via the STATISTICA 7.0 program to obtain a compromised solution for a 405-patient dataset with a specific loss function [actual-predicted]2 as low as 3.177, whereas 0.0 implies a 100% match between the prediction and observation via "the lower, the better" principle. The IPA technique first created a data matrix [405 × 29] from the included patients' data and then attempted to derive a compromised solution of the column matrix of 29-term coefficients [29 × 1]. The correlation coefficient, r2, of the regression line for the actual versus predicted SYNTAX score was 0.8958, showing a high coincidence among the dataset. The follow-up verification based on another 105 patients' data from the same group also had a high correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.8304. Nevertheless, the verified group's low derived average AT (agreement) (ATavg = 0.308 ± 0.193) also revealed a slight deviation between the theoretical prediction from the STATISTICA 7.0 program and the grades assigned by clinical cardiologists or interventionists. The predicted SYNTAX scores were compared with earlier reported findings based on a single-factor statistical analysis or scanned images obtained by sonography or cardiac catheterization. Cardiologists can obtain the SYNTAX score from the semi-empirical formula for an instant referral before performing a cardiac examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chiung Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 10041, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 40044, Taiwan
| | - Vincent S. Tseng
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 10041, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Radiology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of the Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Pet Business Management, Taipei University of Marine Technology, Taipei 10001, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Kwang Pan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40044, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Fa Pan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40044, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 40044, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Thyroid Biokinetics for Radioactive I-131 in Twelve Thyroid Cancer Patients via the Refined Nine-Compartmental Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid biokinetic model of radioactive I-131 was re-evaluated using a refined nine-compartmental model and applied to twelve thyroid cancer patients. In contrast to the simplified four-compartmental model regulated by the ICRP-56 report, the revised model included nine compartments specified in the ICRP-128 report, namely, oral, stomach, body fluid, thyroid, whole body, liver, kidney, bladder, and remainder (i.e., the whole body minus kidney and bladder). A self-developed program run in MATLAB was designed to solve the nine first-order simultaneous linear differential equations. The model was realized in standard and simplified versions. The latter neglected two feedback paths (body fluid to oral, i31, and kidney to the whole body, i87) to reduce computations. Accordingly, the biological half-lives for the major compartments (thyroid and body fluid + whole body) were 36.00 ± 15.01, 15.04 ± 5.63, 34.33 ± 15.42, and 14.83 ± 5.91 of standard and simplified version. The correlations between theoretical and empirical data for each patient were quantified by the dimensionless AT (agreement) index and, the ATtot index integrated each individual AT of a specific organ of one patient. Since small AT values indicated a closer correlation, the obtained range of ATtot (0.048 ± 0.019) proved the standard model’s reliability and high accuracy, while the simplified one yielded slightly higher ATtot (0.058 ± 0.023). The detailed outcomes among various compartments of twelve patients were calculated and compared with other researchers’ work. The correlation results on radioactive I-131 evolution in thyroid cancer patients’ bodies are instrumental in viewpoint of radioactive protection of patients and radiological personnel.
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Stanciu AE, Verzia A, Stanciu MM, Zamfirescu A, Gheorghe DC. Analysis of the Correlation between the Radioactive Iodine Activity and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081899. [PMID: 35454805 PMCID: PMC9024474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Publications investigating the effect of radioactive iodine (131I) therapy on the circulating peripheral blood cells in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are limited to blood samples collected more than 92 h after 131I. Studies conducted on blood samples collected up to 92 h are rare due to the radioactive contamination risk. This research aimed to assess the relationship between the prescribed 131I activity, human whole blood activity, and peripheral blood cells at many time points (6, 22, 46, 69, and 92 h after 131I). The study enrolled 50 female patients with DTC who received a 131I median activity of 90.54 mCi (3.35 GBq). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was measured as an inflammatory marker. 131I uptake in the residual thyroid tissue peaked after 46 h. Blood activity decreased in the first 46 h and increased 69 h after the 131I intake. Blood activity was associated with the absolute lymphocyte count and the NLR at 69 h (r = −0.49 and r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that the time interval between 46 and 69 h should be associated with the release of hematological inflammatory mediators, such as neutrophils and lymphocytes, to eradicate tumor cells in response to 131I therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Elena Stanciu
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreea Verzia
- Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant Division, Nuclearelectrica, 905200 Cernavoda, Romania;
| | - Marcel Marian Stanciu
- Electrical Engineering Faculty, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Zamfirescu
- Department of Radionuclide Therapy, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Dan Cristian Gheorghe
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Han S, Jin S, Yoo SH, Lee HS, Lee SH, Jeon MJ, Ryu JS. A practical individualized radiation precaution based on the dose rate at release time after inpatient 131I ablation therapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251627. [PMID: 34019555 PMCID: PMC8139448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retained radioactivity of 131I after ablation therapy largely differs in each patient according to factors including the amount of remnant thyroid tissue, renal function, and use of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone. To reduce unnecessary restriction of patient’s daily life after inpatient 131I ablation therapy, we propose a practical individualized method for radiation precaution based on dose rate at release time. Methods We evaluated 215 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent inpatient 131I ablation therapy following total thyroidectomy. Effective dose equivalent rates at 1-m distance were measured upon release (EDRR) on day 2 and during delayed whole-body scan (EDRD) visits on day 6‒8 after 131I administration. The biexponential model was designed to estimate total effective dose equivalent to others. To assess conservativeness of our model, EDRD estimated by our model was compared with measured EDRD. EDRR-based periods of precaution not to receiving 1 mSv of radiation exposure were estimated and compared with those based on administered radioactivities on American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommendations. Results The EDRR ranged from 1.0–48.9 μSv/hr. The measured EDRD were equal to or lower than estimated EDRD in all patients, except for one, indicating that our model is sufficiently conservative. According to our model, no subjects needed additional daytime restriction after release. The maximum permissible times for public transportation use were longer in all patients compared with those based on administered radioactivities. Nighttime restriction periods were significantly shorter than those based on administered radioactivity; median periods requiring sleeping apart were 0 (range, 0‒5), 4 (range, 1‒14), and 3 (range, 2‒13) days after release in patients treated with radioactivity doses of 2.96, 5.50, and 7.40 GBq, respectively, needing 8, 16, and 19 additional days, respectively, based on administered radioactivity. Conclusions Radiation safety instructions using proposed method based on EDRR of individual patient could safely reduce the burden of radiation precaution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Hee Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Suk Hyun Lee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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