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DNA-Vaccine-Induced Immune Response Correlates with Lower Viral SARS-CoV-2 Titers in a Ferret Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081178. [PMID: 35893826 PMCID: PMC9332309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is entering a new era with the approval of many SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In spite of the restoration of an almost normal way of life thanks to the immune protection elicited by these innovative vaccines, we are still facing high viral circulation, with a significant number of deaths. To further explore alternative vaccination platforms, we developed COVID-eVax—a genetic vaccine based on plasmid DNA encoding the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Here, we describe the correlation between immune responses and the evolution of viral infection in ferrets infected with the live virus. We demonstrate COVID-eVax immunogenicity as means of antibody response and, above all, a significant T-cell response, thus proving the critical role of T-cell immunity, in addition to the neutralizing antibody activity, in controlling viral spread.
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Poissenot K, Chorfa A, Moussu C, Trouillet AC, Brachet M, Chesneau D, Chemineau P, Ramadier E, Pinot A, Benoit E, Lattard V, Dardente H, Drevet J, Saez F, Keller M. Photoperiod is involved in the regulation of seasonal breeding in male water voles (Arvicola terrestris). J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272112. [PMID: 34494651 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammals living at temperate latitudes typically display annual cyclicity in their reproductive activity: births are synchronized when environmental conditions are most favorable. In a majority of these species, day length is the main proximate factor used to anticipate seasonal changes and to adapt physiology. The brain integrates this photoperiodic signal through key hypothalamic structures, which regulate the reproductive axis. In this context, our study aimed to characterize regulations that occur along the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in male fossorial water voles (Arvicola terrestris, also known as Arvicola amphibius) throughout the year and to further probe the implication of photoperiod in these seasonal regulations. Our monthly field monitoring showed dramatic seasonal changes in the morphology and activity of reproductive organs, as well as in the androgen-dependent lateral scent glands. Moreover, our data uncovered seasonal variations at the hypothalamic level. During the breeding season, kisspeptin expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) decreases, while RFRP3 expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) increases. Our follow-up laboratory study revealed activation of the reproductive axis and confirmed a decrease in kisspeptin expression in males exposed to a long photoperiod (summer condition) compared with those maintained under a short photoperiod (winter condition) that retain all features reminiscent of sexual inhibition. Altogether, our study characterizes neuroendocrine and anatomical markers of seasonal reproductive rhythmicity in male water voles and further suggests that these seasonal changes are strongly impacted by photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Poissenot
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Areski Chorfa
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Moussu
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Trouillet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Morgane Brachet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Chemineau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Etienne Ramadier
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Adrien Pinot
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joël Drevet
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Poissenot K, Moussu C, Chesneau D, Ramadier E, Abi Khalil R, Chorfa A, Chemineau P, Michelin Y, Saez F, Drevet J, Benoit E, Lattard V, Pinot A, Dardente H, Keller M. Field study reveals morphological and neuroendocrine correlates of seasonal breeding in female water voles, Arvicola terrestris. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 311:113853. [PMID: 34265346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Seasonally breeding mammals display timely physiological switches between reproductive activity and sexual rest, which ensure synchronisation of births at the most favourable time of the year. These switches correlate with seasonal changes along the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, but they are primarily orchestrated at the hypothalamic level through environmental control of KISS1-dependent GnRH release. Our field study shows that births of fossorial water voles, Arvicola terrestris, are concentrated between March and October, which indicates the existence of an annual reproductive cycle in this species. Monthly field monitoring for over a year further reveals dramatic seasonal changes in the morphology of the ovary, uterus and lateral scent glands, which correlate with the reproductive status. Finally, we demonstrate seasonal variation in kisspeptin expression within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Altogether, this study demonstrates a marked rhythm of seasonal breeding in the water vole and we speculate that this is governed by seasonal changes in photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Poissenot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Chantal Moussu
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Etienne Ramadier
- UMR 0874 UREP, VetAgro Sup, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rami Abi Khalil
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Areski Chorfa
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | | | - Yves Michelin
- UMR Territoires, VetagroSup, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Joël Drevet
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Adrien Pinot
- UMR 0874 UREP, VetAgro Sup, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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