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Korpela S, Sundblom J, Zetterberg H, Constantinescu R, Svenningsson P, Paucar M, Niemelä V. Cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein, in contrast to amyloid beta protein, is associated with disease symptoms in Huntington's disease. J Neurol Sci 2024; 459:122979. [PMID: 38569376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease, currently lacking disease-modifying treatments. Biomarkers are needed for objective assessment of disease progression. Evidence supports both complex protein aggregation and astrocyte activation in HD. This study assesses the 42 amino acid long amyloid beta (Aβ42) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as potential biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HD mutation carriers. METHODS CSF from participants was obtained from three sites in Sweden. Clinical symptoms were graded with the composite Unified Huntington's disease rating scale (cUHDRS). Protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess disease progression association. Results were adjusted for age and collection site. RESULTS The study enrolled 28 manifest HD patients (ManHD), 13 premanifest HD gene-expansion carriers (PreHD) and 20 controls. Aβ42 levels did not differ between groups and there was no correlation with measures of disease progression. GFAP concentration was higher in ManHD (424 ng/l, SD 253) compared with both PreHD (266 ng/l, SD 92.4) and controls (208 ng/l, SD 83.7). GFAP correlated with both cUHDRS (r = -0.77, p < 0.001), and 5-year risk of disease onset (r = 0.70, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION We provide evidence that indicates CSF Aβ42 has limited potential as a biomarker for HD. GFAP is a potential biomarker of progression in HD. Validation in larger cohorts measuring GFAP in blood and CSF would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Korpela
- Department of Medicine, Neurology, Västerås Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Sundblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Radu Constantinescu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Paucar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valter Niemelä
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Herman M, Randall GW, Spiegel JL, Maldonado DJ, Simoes S. Endo-lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: opinion on current progress and future direction in the use of exosomes as biomarkers. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220387. [PMID: 38368936 PMCID: PMC10874701 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, increased research has highlighted the connection between endosomal trafficking defects and neurodegeneration. The endo-lysosomal network is an important, complex cellular system specialized in the transport of proteins, lipids, and other metabolites, essential for cell homeostasis. Disruption of this pathway is linked to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that defects in this pathway create opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. In this Opinion piece, we concisely address the role of endo-lysosomal dysfunction in five neurodegenerative diseases and discuss how future research can investigate this intracellular pathway, including extracellular vesicles with a specific focus on exosomes for the identification of novel disease biomarkers. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Herman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Grace W. Randall
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia L. Spiegel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delphina J. Maldonado
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabrina Simoes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Arora D, Hackenberg Y, Li J, Winter D. Updates on the study of lysosomal protein dynamics: possibilities for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:47-55. [PMID: 36919490 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2190515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lysosome is the main degradative organelle of almost all mammalian cells, fulfilling important functions in macromolecule recycling, metabolism, and signaling. Lysosomal dysfunction is connected to a continuously growing number of pathologic conditions, and lysosomal proteins present potential biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in their analysis in patient samples. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of OMICs studies which identified lysosomal proteins as potential biomarkers for pathological conditions, covering proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics approaches, identified through PubMed searches. With respect to discovery proteomics analyses, mainly lysosomal luminal and associated proteins were detected, while membrane proteins were found less frequently. Comprehensive coverage of the lysosomal proteome was only achieved by ultra-deep-coverage studies, but targeted approaches allowed for the reproducible quantification of lysosomal proteins in diverse sample types. EXPERT OPINION The low abundance of lysosomal proteins complicates their reproducible analysis in patient samples. Whole proteome shotgun analyses fail in many instances to cover the lysosomal proteome, which is due to under-sampling and/or a lack of sensitivity. With the current state of the art, targeted proteomics assays provide the best performance for the characterization of lysosomal proteins in patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Arora
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yannic Hackenberg
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jiaran Li
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Caron NS, Haqqani AS, Sandhu A, Aly AE, Findlay Black H, Bone JN, McBride JL, Abulrob A, Stanimirovic D, Leavitt BR, Hayden MR. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for assessing Huntington disease onset and severity. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac309. [PMID: 36523269 PMCID: PMC9746690 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of molecular biomarkers in CSF from individuals affected by Huntington disease may help improve predictions of disease onset, better define disease progression and could facilitate the evaluation of potential therapies. The primary objective of our study was to investigate novel CSF protein candidates and replicate previously reported protein biomarker changes in CSF from Huntington disease mutation carriers and healthy controls. Our secondary objective was to compare the discriminatory potential of individual protein analytes and combinations of CSF protein markers for stratifying individuals based on the severity of Huntington disease. We conducted a hypothesis-driven analysis of 26 pre-specified protein analytes in CSF from 16 manifest Huntington disease subjects, eight premanifest Huntington disease mutation carriers and eight healthy control individuals using parallel-reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. In addition to reproducing reported changes in previously investigated CSF biomarkers (NEFL, PDYN, and PENK), we also identified novel exploratory CSF proteins (C1QB, CNR1, GNAL, IDO1, IGF2, and PPP1R1B) whose levels were altered in Huntington disease mutation carriers and/or across stages of disease. Moreover, we report strong associations of select CSF proteins with clinical measures of disease severity in manifest Huntington disease subjects (C1QB, CNR1, NEFL, PDYN, PPP1R1B, and TTR) and with years to predicted disease onset in premanifest Huntington disease mutation carriers (ALB, C4B, CTSD, IGHG1, and TTR). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we identified PENK as being the most discriminant CSF protein for stratifying Huntington disease mutation carriers from controls. We also identified exploratory multi-marker CSF protein panels that improved discrimination of premanifest Huntington disease mutation carriers from controls (PENK, ALB and NEFL), early/mid-stage Huntington disease from premanifest mutation carriers (PPP1R1B, TTR, CHI3L1, and CTSD), and late-stage from early/mid-stage Huntington disease (CNR1, PPP1R1B, BDNF, APOE, and IGHG1) compared with individual CSF proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that combinations of CSF proteins can outperform individual markers for stratifying individuals based on Huntington disease mutation status and disease severity. Moreover, we define exploratory multi-marker CSF protein panels that, if validated, may be used to improve the accuracy of disease-onset predictions, complement existing clinical and imaging biomarkers for monitoring the severity of Huntington disease, and potentially for assessing therapeutic response in clinical trials. Additional studies with CSF collected from larger cohorts of Huntington disease mutation carriers are needed to replicate these exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Caron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Akshdeep Sandhu
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Amirah E Aly
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hailey Findlay Black
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jodi L McBride
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Abedelnasser Abulrob
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Danica Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Byrne LM, Schultz JL, Rodrigues FB, van der Plas E, Langbehn D, Nopoulos PC, Wild EJ. Neurofilament Light Protein as a Potential Blood Biomarker for Huntington's Disease in Children. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1526-1531. [PMID: 35437792 PMCID: PMC9308659 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset Huntington's disease (JOHD) is a rare and particularly devastating form of Huntington's disease (HD) for which clinical diagnosis is challenging and robust outcome measures are lacking. Neurofilament light protein (NfL) in plasma has emerged as a prognostic biomarker for adult-onset HD. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of samples and data collected between 2009 and 2020 from the Kids-HD and Kids-JHD studies. Plasma samples from children and young adults with JOHD, premanifest HD (preHD) mutation carriers, and age-matched controls were used to quantify plasma NfL concentrations using ultrasensitive immunoassay. RESULTS We report elevated plasma NfL concentrations in JOHD and premanifest HD mutation-carrying children. In pediatric HD mutation carriers who were within 20 years of their predicted onset and patients with JOHD, plasma NfL level was associated with caudate and putamen volumes. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying plasma NfL concentration may assist clinical diagnosis and therapeutic trial design in the pediatric population. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Byrne
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jordan L. Schultz
- Department of PsychiatryCarver College of Medicine at the University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of Medicine at the University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Filipe B. Rodrigues
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ellen van der Plas
- Department of PsychiatryCarver College of Medicine at the University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Douglas Langbehn
- Department of PsychiatryCarver College of Medicine at the University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Peggy C. Nopoulos
- Department of PsychiatryCarver College of Medicine at the University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of Medicine at the University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Edward J. Wild
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Sampedro F, Kulisevsky J. Intracortical surface-based MR diffusivity to investigate neurologic and psychiatric disorders: a review. J Neuroimaging 2021; 32:28-35. [PMID: 34506674 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the quantification of water diffusivity within the cerebral cortex. Alterations in cortical mean diffusivity (MD) have been suggested to reflect microstructural damage. Interestingly, microstructural changes can be detected in the absence of macrostructural alterations such as cortical thinning or gray matter volume loss. However, volume-based neuroimaging techniques for the study of cortical MD have shown some limitations in terms of intersubject registration, partial volume correction, and smoothing artifacts. In this review, we summarize how a surface-based approach for the assessment of intracortical MD has not only overcome these technical limitations, but also provided important contributions to the fields of neurology and psychiatry. Since its proposal in 2018, the use of this neuroimaging technique has revealed cortical microstructural alterations in a wide range of clinical contexts, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and primary progressive aphasia. In most cases, the detection of early intracortical MD alterations preceded the identification of macrostructural changes. Importantly, microstructural damage significantly correlated with cognitive performance and biomarker measures, suggesting a potential role for its use in clinical trials as a sensitive imaging marker of neurodegeneration. Given that DTI is a widely available imaging modality, these encouraging results motivate further research using this novel neuroimaging metric in other clinical contexts. Overall, this technique has shed light into the key role of early cortical degeneration in many diseases where cortical involvement was previously thought to have limited clinical and biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Lysosomes are the main degradative organelles of almost all eukaryotic cells. They fulfil a crucial function in cellular homeostasis, and impairments in lysosomal function are connected to a continuously increasing number of pathological conditions. In recent years, lysosomes are furthermore emerging as control centers of cellular metabolism, and major regulators of cellular signaling were shown to be activated at the lysosomal surface. To date, >300 proteins were demonstrated to be located in/at the lysosome, and the lysosomal proteome and interactome is constantly growing. For the identification of these proteins, and their involvement in cellular mechanisms or disease progression, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has proven its worth in a large number of studies. In this review, we are recapitulating the application of MS-based approaches for the investigation of the lysosomal proteome, and their application to a diverse set of research questions. Numerous strategies were applied for the enrichment of lysosomes or lysosomal proteins and their identification by MS-based methods. This allowed for the characterization of the lysosomal proteome, the investigation of lysosome-related disorders, the utilization of lysosomal proteins as biomarkers for diseases, and the characterization of lysosome-related cellular mechanisms. While these >60 studies provide a comprehensive picture of the lysosomal proteome across several model organisms and pathological conditions, various proteomics approaches have not been applied to lysosomes yet, and a large number of questions are still left unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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