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Lv L, Xiong F, Liu Y, Pei S, He S, Li S, Yang H. The rumen-derived Lact. mucosae LLK-XR1 exhibited greater free gossypol degradation capacity during solid-state fermentation of cottonseed meal and probiotic potential. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38183000 PMCID: PMC10768434 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to isolate the rumen-derived bacteria with the ability to degrade free gossypol (FG), and to evaluate the probiotic potential in vitro for ensuring safe utilization. METHODS The strains were anaerobically isolated from fresh rumen fluid of sheep with long-term fed cottonseed meal (CSM) with the screening agar medium containing gossypol as the sole carbon source. Afterwards, the isolated strain incubated with CSM was subjected to the determination of the FG degradation and in vitro evaluation of probiotic characteristics. RESULTS The target strain labeled Lact. mucosae LLK-XR1 [Accession number: OQ652016.1] was obtained, and its growth on MRS Liquid medium exhibited degradation efficiency of FG up to 69.5% which was significantly greater than its growth on Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium with glucose free for 24 h (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, LLK-XR1 showed 40.652% degradation rate of FG for unautoclaved, non-pulverized, and no additional nutrients supplementation CSM. Furthermore, LLK-XR1 presented good survivability at pH 3.0 (above 88.6%), and 0.3% bile (78.5%). LLK-XR1 showed sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics except Sulfamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin and significantly inhibited E. coli CICC 10,899, Staph. aureus CICC 21,600, and Salmonella. Typhimurium CICC 21,483. LLK-XR1 demonstrated good cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation ability. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study for the first time noted that rumen-originated Lact. mucosae LLK-XR1 with probiotic properties exhibited substantial FG degradation capacity when it was applied to the solid-state fermentation of CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengliang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiteng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanshan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Jiang Y, Du X, Xu Q, Yin C, Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu X, Yan H. Biodegradation of Gossypol by Aspergillus terreus-YJ01. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2148. [PMID: 37763992 PMCID: PMC10535836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gossypol, generally found in the roots, stems, leaves, and, especially, the seeds of cotton plants, is highly toxic to animals and humans, which inhibits the use of cotton stalks as a feed resource. Here, a promising fungal strain for biodegrading gossypol was successfully isolated from the soil of cotton stalk piles in Xinjiang Province, China, and identified as Aspergillus terreus-YJ01 with the analysis of ITS. Initial gossypol of 250 mg·L-1 could be removed by 97% within 96 h by YJ01, and initial gossypol of 150 mg·L-1 could also be catalyzed by 98% or 99% within 36 h by the intracellular or extracellular crude enzymes of YJ01. Sucrose and sodium nitrate were found to be the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of YJ01, and the optimal initial pH and inoculum size for the growth of YJ01 were 6.0 and 1%, respectively. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying gossypol biodegradation by YJ01, the draft genome of YJ01 was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq, which is 31,566,870 bp in length with a GC content of 52.27% and a total of 9737 genes. Eight genes and enzymes were predicted to be involved in gossypol biodegradation. Among them, phosphoglycerate kinase, citrate synthase, and other enzymes are related to the energy supply process. With sufficient energy, β-1, 4-endo-xylanase may achieve the purpose of biodegrading gossypol. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into both the basic research and the application of A. terreus-YJ01 in the biodegradation of gossypol in cotton stalks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.J.)
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Li Z, Shi J, Lei Y, Wu J, Zhang R, Zhang X, Jia L, Wang Y, Ma Y, He P, Ma Y, Cheng Q, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Lei Z. Castration alters the cecal microbiota and inhibits growth in Holstein cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac367. [PMID: 36326798 PMCID: PMC9733532 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of castration on growth performance, serum hormone levels, cecal microbiota composition, and metabolites in cattle. A total of 18 Holstein bulls and steers were divided into bull and steer groups and randomly assigned to 3 pens (3 cattle per pen, and each cattle were separated by a fence) to determine the average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake (DMI), and feed efficiency (G/F). After the finishing trial, six cattle per group were randomly slaughtered. Serum was collected to measure the hormone concentration, and the cecal content was collected to measure the pH, short-chain fatty acids, and digestive enzyme activities. Metagenome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were used to investigate the microbiota composition, functional profiles, and differential metabolites of the cecal contents. We found that castration significantly decreased ADG, DMI, and G/F in cattle (P < 0.05). The serum testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone (P < 0.05), and triiodothyronine (P < 0.01) concentrations significantly decreased in the steer group when compared to those of the bull group. The activities of cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase (P < 0.05) significantly decreased in the steer group, whereas the activities of lipase and α-amylase significantly increased. Moreover, castration significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_bacterium, Treponema_porcinum, Oscillibacter_sp. (P < 0.05), and Alistipes_senegalensis (P < 0.01), whereas the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius (P < 0.05) was significantly increased. Also, the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius was negatively correlated with testosterone levels, and the function of the cecal microbiota was enriched in the GH29 and GH97 families in the steer group. Metabolomic analysis indicated that castration increased the levels of L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid, L-isoleucine, L-lysine, methionine, L-glutamic acid, and L-leucine, while decreasing the levels of α-ketoglutaric acid through the 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, α-ketoglutaric acid was negatively correlated with Oscillibacter_sp. (P < 0.01). Overall, castration can inhibit cattle growth by altering the composition of the cecal microbiota. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the growth performance of steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjia He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yannan Ma
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Jingchuan Xukang Food Co., Ltd, Pingliang, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Gansu Huarui Agriculture Co., Ltd, Zhangye, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Li WJ, Zhang L, Wu HX, Li M, Wang T, Zhang WB, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Intestinal Microbiota Mediates Gossypol-Induced Intestinal Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Fish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6688-6697. [PMID: 35635005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol, the main antinutritional factor in cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC), could affect the growth conditions of fish, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, an 8-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of gossypol on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three experimental diets were designed, including control diet (CON), control diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg gossypol (ML), and 300 mg/kg gossypol (MH). 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that gossypol significantly reduced the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota. Untargeted metabolite analysis revealed that most metabolites were down-regulated by gossypol, and riboflavin was the key metabolite with significant difference between CON-treated and gossypol-treated groups. Gossypol caused intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Through fecal bacteria transplantation experiments, we demonstrated that intestinal microbiota mediated gossypol-induced negative effects, suggesting that intestinal microbiota and its metabolite may account for the harmful effects of gossypol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen-Bing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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High-Gossypol Whole Cottonseed Exhibited Mediocre Rumen Degradability and Less Microbial Fermentation Efficiency than Cottonseed Hull and Cottonseed Meal with an In Vitro Gas Production Technique. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To explore whether or not the gossypol varied in cottonseed by-products affect rumen degradability and fermentation efficiency, an in vitro cumulative gas production experiment was applied with mixed rumen microorganism to compare rumen fermentation characteristics of whole cottonseed (WCS, n = 3 samples), cottonseed meal (CSM, n = 3 samples), and cottonseed hull (CSH, n = 2 samples). The five-replicate fermentation per sample per incubation time continuously lasted for 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h with an automated gas production recording system. Regardless of distinct nutrient differences, the free gossypol level in these cottonseed by-products ranked: WCS > CSH > CSM. After 48 h of incubation, the in vitro dry matter degradability and ammonia N concentration ranked as: CSM > WCS > CSH. The cumulative gas production and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels in the culture fluids ranked: CSM > CSH > WCS, in which the average production rate ranked: CSM > WCS > CSH. Regarding the molar VFA pattern, WCS in comparison with CSH and CSM presented the lowest production of non-glucogenic acids (e.g., acetate) and exhibited the highest fermentation efficiency of energy from carbohydrates to VFAs. There was a significant negative correlation between the gossypol content and cumulative gas and total VFA production, suggesting that the greater gossypol in cottonseed by-products, the more detrimental effect occurred for rumen fermentation. In a brief, WCS exhibited mediocre rumen degradability and less microbial fermentation efficiency than CSH and CSM, depending on their gossypol levels.
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Viana PT, de Carvalho GGP, Viana MCP, de Assis DYC, de Figueiredo MP, Cirne LGA, Figueredo JS, Sousa LS, de Santana Júnior HA, Pina DDS, Alba HDR. Effect of high-concentrate diets with calcium lignosulfonate and cottonseed processing method on quantitative traits and non-carcass components of feedlot cull ewes. Arch Anim Breed 2021; 64:355-363. [PMID: 34514082 PMCID: PMC8428082 DOI: 10.5194/aab-64-355-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of cottonseed processing form and
the inclusion of calcium lignosulfonate in high-concentrate diets for
feedlot cull ewes on carcass traits and non-carcass components. Thirty Santa
Inês cull ewes with an average body weight of 44.2 ± 5.2 kg and an
average age of 50 months were distributed into collective stalls in a
completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of diets including
whole cottonseed, crushed cottonseed, whole cottonseed treated with
lignosulfonate (100 g/kg, as fed), crushed cottonseed treated with
lignosulfonate (100 g/kg, as fed), and a control diet without cottonseed.
The experimental diets did not influence (P>0.05) average daily
weight gain (0.195 kg/day), slaughter weight (51.74 kg), or in vivo biometric and
on-carcass measurements. There was no difference (P>0.05) in
loin-eye area or subcutaneous fat thickness as evaluated in vivo by ultrasound.
There was no diet effect on hot carcass weight and yield (24.8 kg and
47.8 %), cold carcass weight and yield (24.2 kg and 46.8 %), or chilling
loss (2.1 %). Non-carcass components did not differ in response to the
diets (P>0.05). Dietary inclusion of calcium lignosulfonate
increases the proportions of udder and liver relative to empty body weight
(P<0.05). Neither the cottonseed processing method nor the
inclusion of calcium lignosulfonate in high-concentrate diets for cull ewes
affects their performance, biometric or morphometric measurements,
non-carcass components, or qualitative traits of their carcass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Teixeira Viana
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Code 45700-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luís Gabriel Alves Cirne
- Institute of Biodiversity and Forestry, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Bahia, Code 68035-110, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Santos Sousa
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Code 45029-066, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Dos Santos Pina
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Code 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Code 40170-110, Brazil
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Analysis of Hindgut Microbiome of Sheep and Effect of Different Husbandry Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010004. [PMID: 33375098 PMCID: PMC7822195 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is now seen as an important resource to understand animal health and welfare in many species. However, there are few studies aiming at identifying the association between fecal microbiome composition and husbandry conditions in sheep. A wide range of stressors associated with management and housing of animals increases the hypothalamic–pituitary axis activity, with growing evidence that the microbiome composition can be modified. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to describe the core microbiome in sheep, characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and to explore whether exposure to stressful husbandry conditions changed sheep hindgut microbiome composition. Sheep (n = 10) were divided in two groups: isolated group (individually separated for 3 h/day) and control group (housed in the home pen for the entire trial period). Sheep core microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes (43.6%), Bacteroidetes (30.38%), Proteobacteria (10.14%), and Verrucomicrobia (7.55%). Comparative results revealed few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with significantly different relative abundance between groups. Chao1, abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE), and Fisher’s alpha indices did not show differences between groups. OTU-based Bray–Curtis distances between groups were not significant (p-value = 0.07). In conclusion, these results describing the core microbiome of sheep do not suggest a strong effect of stressful husbandry conditions on microbial composition.
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