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Zhuang Z, Qian Z, Wang X, Xu X, Chen B, Song G, Liu X, Ren L, Ren L. Bioinspired Structural Composite Flexible Material with High Cushion Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304947. [PMID: 38044306 PMCID: PMC10837376 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Impacts occur everywhere, and they pose a serious threat to human health and production safety. Flexible materials with efficient cushioning and energy absorption are ideal candidates to provide protection from impacts. Despite the high demand, the cushioning capacity of protective materials is still limited. In this study, an integrated bionic strategy is proposed, and a bioinspired structural composite material with highly cushioning performance is developed on the basis of this strategy. The results demonstrated that the integrated bionic material, an S-spider web-foam, has excellent energy storage and dissipation as well as cushioning performance. Under impact loading, S-spider web-foam can reduce peak impact forces by a factor of 3.5 times better than silicone foam, achieving unprecedented cushioning performance. The results of this study deepen the understanding of flexible cushioning materials and may provide new strategies and inspiration for the preparation of high-performance flexible cushioning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Boya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Guangsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
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Jin J, Wang K, Ren L, Qian Z, Lu X, Liang W, Xu X, Zhao S, Zhao D, Wang X, Ren L. Optimization Design of the Inner Structure for a Bioinspired Heel Pad with Distinct Cushioning Property. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010049. [PMID: 36671620 PMCID: PMC9854970 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the existing research on prosthetic footplates, rehabilitation insoles, and robot feet, the cushioning parts are basically based on simple mechanisms and elastic pads. Most of them are unable to provide adequate impact resistance especially during contact with the ground. This paper developed a bioinspired heel pad by optimizing the inner structures inspired from human heel pad which has great cushioning performance. The distinct structures of the human heel pad were determined through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology and related literatures. Five-layer pads with and without inner structures by using two materials (soft rubber and resin) were obtained, resulting in four bionic heel pads. Three finite element simulations (static, impact, and walking) were conducted to compare the cushioning effects in terms of deformations, ground reactions, and principal stress. The optimal pad with bionic structures and soft rubber material reduced 28.0% peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) during walking compared with the unstructured resin pad. Human walking tests by a healthy subject wearing the 3D printed bionic pads also showed similar findings, with an almost 20% decrease in peak vertical GRF at normal speed. The soft rubber heel pad with bionic structures has the best cushioning performance, while the unstructured resin pad depicts the poorest. This study proves that with proper design of the inner structures and materials, the bionic pads will demonstrate distinct cushioning properties, which could be applied to the engineering fields, including lower limb prosthesis, robotics, and rehabilitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Kunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Lei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xuewei Lu
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Shun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
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Chen G, Wei N, Li J, Lu H. Design and simulation analysis of a bionic ostrich robot. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1781-1801. [PMID: 35962248 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To look for the reason why the biped animal in nature can run with such high speed and to design a bionic biped prototype which can behave the high speed running and jumping ability, this paper takes the fastest bipedal animal in nature: ostrich as the research subject. Firstly, the body structure and motion characteristics of ostrich are investigated. Secondly, a simple mechanical structure of bionic ostrich robot is designed based on the above biological investigated results. The robot is under-actuated with one actuator each leg, with a spring on the tarsometatarsus and a torsion spring on the metatarsophalangeal joint at the foot end. And then the mechanical design of leg structure is optimized. Finally, the high-speed running and jumping running gait is planned, and comparative simulations are implemented with different design requirements among pure rigid and rigid-flexible coupling scheme, which are rigid, only with spring, only with torsion spring, and with spring and torsion spring both, in detail. Simulation results show that the rigid-flexible coupling design scheme and whole body motion coordination can achieve better high speed performance. It provides an insight for the design and control of legged robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Chen
- Robotics Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningze Wei
- Robotics Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Machinery Department of Patent Office, China National Intellectual Property Administration, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Lu
- Robotics Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
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Zhang M, Nie MD, Qi XZ, Ke S, Li JW, Shui YY, Zhang ZY, Wang M, Cheng CK. A Strong Correlation Between the Severity of Flatfoot and Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis in 95 Patients. Front Surg 2022; 9:936720. [PMID: 35846950 PMCID: PMC9280043 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.936720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the association between the presence and severity of flatfoot and symptoms of knee OA. Methods 95 participants with knee OA were recruited from a patient cohort at a regional hospital. Symptoms of knee OA, including knee degeneration, femorotibial alignment, pain, stiffness and dysfunction were assessed using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system, femoral-tibial angle (FTA), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Participants were divided into groups with flatfoot (mild, moderate and severe) and without flatfoot based on the Clarke's angle. Linear regression and ordinal logistic regression were used for statistical analysis, as appropriate. Results Having flatfoot was associated with a significantly increased risk of having a higher K-L grade (OR: 20.03; 95% CI, 5.88, 68.27; p < 0.001), smaller FTA (Beta: −2.96; 95% CI, −4.41, −1.50; p < 0.001), higher pain score (Beta: 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24, 0.69; p < 0.001) and greater loss of function (Beta: 0.25; 95% CI, 0.02, 0.48; p = 0.03). Severe grades of flat feet were associated with a higher K-L grade (OR: 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08, 0.44; p < 0.001), smaller FTA (Beta: 1.51; 95% CI, 0.66, 2.35; p = 0.001), higher pain score (Beta: −0.25; 95% CI, −0.39, −0.11; p = 0.001), greater stiffness (Beta: −0.24; 95% CI, −0.38, −0.09; p = 0.002) and greater loss of function (Beta: −0.27; 95% CI, −0.41, −0.14; p < 0.001). Conclusion The results indicated that the severity of flattening is significantly associated with symptoms of knee OA. For the conservative management of knee OA, both flatfoot and its severity should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-dan Nie
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-zheng Qi
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Ke
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-wei Li
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-yang Shui
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-yue Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence: Min Wang Cheng-Kung Cheng
| | - Cheng-Kung Cheng
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence: Min Wang Cheng-Kung Cheng
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