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Roseira JPS, Pereira OG, da Silveira TC, da Silva VP, Alves WS, Agarussi MCN, Ribeiro KG. Effects of exogenous protease addition on fermentation and nutritive value of rehydrated corn and sorghum grains silages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7302. [PMID: 37147458 PMCID: PMC10162983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of the addition of exogenous protease on the fermentation and nutritive value of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silages during various storage periods. Treatments were applied using a 2 × 6 × 3 factorial combination, with 2 types of rehydrated grains (corn and sorghum), 6 doses of the enzyme (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%, based on natural matter) and 3 fermentation periods (0, 60, and 90 days) in a completely randomized design, with 4 replications. The protease aspergilopepsin I, of fungal origin, produced by Aspergillus niger, was used. The lactic acid concentration increased linearly as the enzyme dose increased in corn (CG) and sorghum (SG) grain silages, at 60 and 90 days of fermentation. There was an increase in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and soluble protein, as well as the in situ starch digestibility in rehydrated CG and SG silages, compared to the treatment without the addition of protease. The addition of 0.3% exogenous protease at the moment of CG ensiling and 0.5% in rehydrated SG increased the proteolytic activity during fermentation, providing an increase in in situ starch digestibility in a shorter storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odilon Gomes Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wagner Sousa Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
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da Mata DG, Ítavo LCV, Ferreira Ítavo CCB, Ferreira JDDJ, Paulino PVR, de Moraes GJ, Niwa MVG, Kozerski ND, Leal ES, Mioto da Costa MC. Ruminal responses, digestibility, and blood parameters of beef cattle fed diets without forage with different hybrids and processing of the corn. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:367-378. [PMID: 35534948 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of corn hybrid and processing methods on intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of steers fed no-forage finishing diets. Four ruminally fistulated Nellore castrated steers (502 ± 15 kg initial body weight) were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two corn hybrids (semi-dent and flint) and two processing methods (dry milled and high moisture grain). Interactions of hybrid and processing methods were observed on intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), as well as on digestibility of DM and CP, rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3 ). There was no interaction between hybrid and processing for the volatile fatty acids (VFA) total, acetate (C2), propionate (C3), isobutyric (iC4) and valeric (nC5) concentrations. VFA total concentration shown an average of 103.4 mmol/L. The C2 and C3 concentrations had no effect of the hybrid or processing with averages of 58.7 mmol/L for C2, and 31.3 mmol/l for C3. There was an effect of the processing method on starch consumption and fecal pH, the highest values were observed in grains with high moisture content. Starch digestibility was 0.89 g/g in dry milled and 0.96 g/g in high moisture corn. The greatest digestibility of starch in high moisture corn, irrespective of the corn hybrid, provided evidence of an increase in the energy supply, which may improve the feed efficiency and growth performance of cattle fed no-roughage finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora G da Mata
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís C V Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila C B Ferreira Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro V R Paulino
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, Beef Cattle Division, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella J de Moraes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus V G Niwa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Noemila D Kozerski
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marlova C Mioto da Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Fernandes T, da Silva KT, Carvalho BF, Schwan RF, Pereira RAN, Pereira MN, da Silva Ávila CL. Effect of amylases and storage length on losses, nutritional value, fermentation, and microbiology of silages of corn and sorghum kernels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silva BDC, Pacheco MVC, Godoi LA, de Souza GAP, Trópia NV, Pucetti P, Silva FADS, Menezes ACB, Rennó LN, Paulino MF, Schoonmaker JP, Valadares Filho SDC. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and selected rumen parameters in feedlot bulls fed diets with different feed additives. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259414. [PMID: 34727141 PMCID: PMC8562795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, nutrient digestibility and selected rumen parameters in feedlot bulls fed diets containing different feed additives. Six rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (age = 8 ± 1.0 months; initial BW = 225 ± 13.2 kg) were distributed in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Six experimental diets based on 30% corn silage and 70% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis were evaluated. Diets differed in feed additive on a DM basis, as follows: 1.4% bicarbonate and magnesium oxide in 3:1 ratio (BOX); 36 ppm lasalocid sodium (LAS); 30 ppm monensin sodium (MON); 25 ppm virginiamycin (VIR); 30 ppm monensin sodium plus 25 ppm virginiamycin (MV); and 3.15% commercial mineral supplement containing D-limonene and exogenous α-amylase (EOA). The experiment lasted 144 d, with six periods of 24 d. Each period consisted of 14 d for dietary adaptation, 3 d for feces and urine collection, and 7 d for omasal and ruminal digesta collection. Bulls fed the BOX diet showed greater (P < 0.05) intake of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (apNDF), crude protein (CP), and starch compared to the other diets. Diets with LAS, MON, VIR, MV, or EOA did not influence (P > 0.05) the DM, OM, apNDF, CP, or starch intake of feedlot bulls. Bulls fed the EOA diet showed greater (trend; P = 0.09) ruminal digestibility of starch compared to the other diets. The feed additives did not affect (P > 0.05) the intestinal or total tract digestibility of starch, rumen pH, microbial efficiency, total rumen fluid, dilution rate, rate of intake, rate of degradation, or passage rate of the DM, OM, apNDF, and starch. In conclusion, LAS, MON, VIR, MV, and EOA diets reduced nutrient intake compared to BOX. Although all feed additives presented similar effects on rumen pH, temperature, and kinetics the presence of exogenous α-amylase in the EOA diet may increase ruminal starch digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility of DM and OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno de Castro Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Artuzo Godoi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Veloso Trópia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pauliane Pucetti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Baião Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Luciana Navajas Rennó
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Fonseca Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jon Patrick Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Effect of flint corn processing methods on intake, digestion sites, rumen pH, and ruminal kinetics in finishing Nellore bulls. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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