Potential application of Pseudomonas stutzeri W228 for removal of copper and lead from marine environments

Marine Pseudomonas: diving into the waves of blue biotechnology

From marine to terrestrial environments, Pseudomonas spp. exhibit a remarkable ability not only to adapt but also thrive even amidst adverse conditions. This fact turns Pseudomonas spp. into one of the most prominent candidates for novel biotechnological solutions. Even though terrestrial isolates have been extensively studied, there is still an almost untapped source to be explored in marine Pseudomonas. Harnessing such strains offers an opportunity to discover novel bioactive compounds that could address current global challenges in healthcare and sustainable development. Therefore, this minireview aimed to provide an overview of the main recent discoveries regarding antimicrobials, antifouling, enzymes, pigments, and bioremediation strategies derived from marine isolates of Pseudomonas spp. Future research perspectives will also be discussed to foster forthcoming endeavors to explore the marine counterparts of such a prolific bacterial genus.

Bioremediation potential of consortium Pseudomonas Stutzeri LBR and Cupriavidus Metallidurans LBJ in soil polluted by lead

Pollution by lead (Pb) is an environmental and health threat due to the severity of its toxicity. Microbial bioremediation is an eco-friendly technique used to remediate contaminated soils. This present study was used to evaluate the effect of two bacterial strains isolated and identified from Bizerte lagoon: Cupriavidus metallidurans LBJ (C. metallidurans LBJ) and Pseudomonas stutzeri LBR (P. stutzeri LBR) on the rate of depollution of soil contaminated with Pb from Tunisia. To determine this effect, sterile and non-sterile soil was bioaugmented by P. stutzeri LBR and C. metallidurans LBJ strains individually and in a mixture for 25 days at 30°C. Results showed that the bioaugmentation of the non-sterile soil by the mixture of P. stutzeri LBR and C. metallidurans LBJ strains gave the best rate of reduction of Pb of 71.02%, compared to a rate of 58.07% and 46.47% respectively for bioaugmentation by the bacterial strains individually. In the case of the sterile soil, results showed that the reduction rate of lead was in the order of 66.96% in the case of the mixture of the two bacterial strains compared with 55.66% and 41.86% respectively for the addition of the two strains individually. These results are confirmed by analysis of the leachate from the sterile and non-sterile soil which showed an increase in the mobility and bioavailability of Pb in soil. These promising results offer another perspective for a soil bioremediation bioprocess applying bacterial bioremediation.

Metabolomic Insights of Biosurfactant Activity from Bacillus niabensis against Planktonic Cells and Biofilm of Pseudomonas stutzeri Involved in Marine Biofouling

In marine environments, biofilm can cause negative impacts, including the biofouling process. In the search for new non-toxic formulations that inhibit biofilm, biosurfactants (BS) produced by the genus Bacillus have demonstrated considerable potential. To elucidate the changes that BS from B. niabensis promote in growth inhibition and biofilm formation, this research performed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic profile analysis to compare the metabolic differences between planktonic cells and biofilms of Pseudomonas stutzeri, a pioneer fouling bacteria. The multivariate analysis showed a clear separation between groups with a higher concentration of metabolites in the biofilm than in planktonic cells of P. stutzeri. When planktonic and biofilm stages were treated with BS, some differences were found among them. In planktonic cells, the addition of BS had a minor effect on growth inhibition, but at a metabolic level, NADP+, trehalose, acetone, glucose, and betaine were up-regulated in response to osmotic stress. When the biofilm was treated with the BS, a clear inhibition was observed and metabolites such as glucose, acetic acid, histidine, lactic acid, phenylalanine, uracil, and NADP+ were also up-regulated, while trehalose and histamine were down-regulated in response to the antibacterial effect of the BS.

Comparison of the characteristics of gut microbiota response to lead in Bufo gargarizans tadpole at different developmental stages

In amphibians, lead (Pb) exposure could alter the composition and structure of gut microbiota, but changes involving microbiota of several successive phases following Pb exposure have been less studied. In the present study, we compared the effects of Pb exposure on morphological parameters and gut microbiota of Bufo gargarizans at Gosner stage (Gs) 33, Gs36, and Gs42. Our results showed that total length (TL), snout-vent length (SVL), and body wet weight (TW) of B. gargarizans at Gs33, as well as TL and SVL at Gs42, were significantly increased after Pb exposure. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that gut microbiota has distinct responses to Pb exposure at different developmental stages. The diversity of gut microbiota was significantly reduced under Pb exposure at Gs33, while it was significantly increased at Gs42. In terms of community composition, Spirochaetota, Armatimonadota, and Patescibacteria appeared in the control groups at Gs42, but not after Pb treatment. Furthermore, functional prediction indicated that the relative abundance of metabolism pathway was significantly decreased at Gs33 and Gs36, and significantly increased at Gs42. Our results fill an important knowledge gap and provide comparative information on the gut microbiota of tadpoles at different developmental stages following Pb exposure.

Development of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) and Avicennia schaueriana (Avicenniaceae) in the presence of a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium and marine diesel oil

The development of Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia schaueriana seedlings impacted by marine diesel oil (MDO) was evaluated in the presence or absence of a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium (HBC). The bioassays were conducted in a greenhouse during 6 months and consisted of three different treatments (control, MDO only and MDO + HBC). The bacterial consortium was mainly composed of Bacillus spp. (73%), but Rhizobium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Ochrobactrum spp., and Brevundimonas spp. were also present. After 6 months, A. schaueriana seedlings showed higher mortality compared to those of R. mangle; R. mangle exhibited 68% (control), 44% (MDO alone) and 50% (MDO + HBC) seedlings survivorship compared to 42% (control), 0% (MDO alone) and 4% (MDO + HBC) for A. schaueriana. This variability may be due to differences in species physiology. Stem growth, diameter and number of leaves remained constant during the 6 months of the experiment with marine diesel oil and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium (MDO + BBC). For both mangrove species, bacterial enzymatic activity in the sediments was sufficient to maintain cell counts of 10⁷ cells cm^-3 in the rhizospheric soil and possibly synthetize the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that may emulsify and solubilize oil products.