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Kim KA, Kim H, Ha EJ, Yoon BC, Kim DJ. Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Neurocritical Care for Traumatic Brain Injury : Past, Present and Future. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2024; 67:493-509. [PMID: 38186369 PMCID: PMC11375068 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2023.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In neurointensive care units (NICUs), particularly in cases involving traumatic brain injury (TBI), swift and accurate decision-making is critical because of rapidly changing patient conditions and the risk of secondary brain injury. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in NICU can enhance clinical decision support and provide valuable assistance in these complex scenarios. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current status and future prospects of AI utilization in the NICU, along with the challenges that must be overcome to realize this. Presently, the primary application of AI in NICU is outcome prediction through the analysis of preadmission and high-resolution data during admission. Recent applications include augmented neuromonitoring via signal quality control and real-time event prediction. In addition, AI can integrate data gathered from various measures and support minimally invasive neuromonitoring to increase patient safety. However, despite the recent surge in AI adoption within the NICU, the majority of AI applications have been limited to simple classification tasks, thus leaving the true potential of AI largely untapped. Emerging AI technologies, such as generalist medical AI and digital twins, harbor immense potential for enhancing advanced neurocritical care through broader AI applications. If challenges such as acquiring high-quality data and ethical issues are overcome, these new AI technologies can be clinically utilized in the actual NICU environment. Emphasizing the need for continuous research and development to maximize the potential of AI in the NICU, we anticipate that this will further enhance the efficiency and accuracy of TBI treatment within the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakseung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Ha
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung C Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Vitt JR, Mainali S. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in Critically Ill Brain Injured Patients. Semin Neurol 2024; 44:342-356. [PMID: 38569520 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) is paving the way for significant strides in patient diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication in neurocritical care. These technologies offer the potential to unravel complex patterns within vast datasets ranging from vast clinical data and EEG (electroencephalogram) readings to advanced cerebral imaging facilitating a more nuanced understanding of patient conditions. Despite their promise, the implementation of AI and ML faces substantial hurdles. Historical biases within training data, the challenge of interpreting multifaceted data streams, and the "black box" nature of ML algorithms present barriers to widespread clinical adoption. Moreover, ethical considerations around data privacy and the need for transparent, explainable models remain paramount to ensure trust and efficacy in clinical decision-making.This article reflects on the emergence of AI and ML as integral tools in neurocritical care, discussing their roles from the perspective of both their scientific promise and the associated challenges. We underscore the importance of extensive validation in diverse clinical settings to ensure the generalizability of ML models, particularly considering their potential to inform critical medical decisions such as withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies. Advancement in computational capabilities is essential for implementing ML in clinical settings, allowing for real-time analysis and decision support at the point of care. As AI and ML are poised to become commonplace in clinical practice, it is incumbent upon health care professionals to understand and oversee these technologies, ensuring they adhere to the highest safety standards and contribute to the realization of personalized medicine. This engagement will be pivotal in integrating AI and ML into patient care, optimizing outcomes in neurocritical care through informed and data-driven decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Vitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Shraddha Mainali
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Kim KH, Kang HK, Koo HW. Prediction of Intracranial Pressure in Patients with an Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Using Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter via Explainable Predictive Modeling. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2107. [PMID: 38610872 PMCID: PMC11012720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this investigation was to formulate a model for predicting intracranial pressure (ICP) by utilizing optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) during endovascular treatment for an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), incorporating explainable predictive modeling. Methods: ONSD measurements were conducted using a handheld ultrasonography device during the course of endovascular treatment (n = 126, mean age 58.82 ± 14.86 years, and female ratio 67.46%). The optimal ONSD threshold associated with an increased ICP was determined. Additionally, the association between ONSD and ICP was validated through the application of a linear regression machine learning model. The correlation between ICP and various factors was explored through the modeling. Results: With an ICP threshold set at 20 cmH2O, 82 patients manifested an increased ICP, with a corresponding ONSD of 0.545 ± 0.08 cm. Similarly, with an ICP threshold set at 25 cmH2O, 44 patients demonstrated an increased ICP, with a cutoff ONSD of 0.553 cm. Conclusions: We revealed a robust correlation between ICP and ONSD. ONSD exhibited a significant association and demonstrated potential as a predictor of ICP in patients with an ICP ≥ 25 cmH2O. The findings suggest its potential as a valuable index in clinical practice, proposing a reference value of ONSD for increased ICP in the institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyeon Kim
- Clinical Research Support Center, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koo Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Koo
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
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Fong N, Feng J, Hubbard A, Dang LE, Pirracchio R. IntraCranial pressure prediction AlgoRithm using machinE learning (I-CARE): Training and Validation Study. Crit Care Explor 2024; 6:e1024. [PMID: 38161734 PMCID: PMC10756747 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a potentially devastating complication of neurologic injury. Developing an ICP prediction algorithm to help the clinician adjust treatments and potentially prevent elevated ICP episodes. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Three hundred thirty-five ICUs at 208 hospitals in the United States. SUBJECTS Adults patients from the electronic ICU (eICU) Collaborative Research Database was used to train an ensemble machine learning model to predict the ICP 30 minutes in the future. Predictive performance was evaluated using a left-out test dataset and externally evaluated on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) Matched Waveform Database. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Predictors included age, assigned sex, laboratories, medications and infusions, input/output, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) components, and time-series vitals (heart rate, ICP, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature). Each patient ICU stay was divided into successive 95-minute timeblocks. For each timeblock, the model was trained on nontime-varying covariates as well as on 12 observations of time-varying covariates at 5-minute intervals and asked to predict the 5-minute median ICP 30 minutes after the last observed ICP value. Data from 931 patients with ICP monitoring in the eICU dataset were extracted (46,207 timeblocks). The root mean squared error was 4.51 mm Hg in the eICU test set and 3.56 mm Hg in the MIMIC-III dataset. The most important variables driving ICP prediction were previous ICP history, patients' temperature, weight, serum creatinine, age, GCS, and hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS IntraCranial pressure prediction AlgoRithm using machinE learning, an ensemble machine learning model, trained to predict the ICP of a patient 30 minutes in the future based on baseline characteristics and vitals data from the past hour showed promising predictive performance including in an external validation dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fong
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jean Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Lauren Eyler Dang
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Romain Pirracchio
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Trakulpanitkit A, Tunthanathip T. Comparison of intracranial pressure prediction in hydrocephalus patients among linear, non-linear, and machine learning regression models in Thailand. Acute Crit Care 2023; 38:362-370. [PMID: 37652865 PMCID: PMC10497900 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2023.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrocephalus (HCP) is one of the most significant concerns in neurosurgical patients because it can cause increased intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in mortality and morbidity. To date, machine learning (ML) has been helpful in predicting continuous outcomes. The primary objective of the present study was to identify the factors correlated with ICP, while the secondary objective was to compare the predictive performances among linear, non-linear, and ML regression models for ICP prediction. METHODS A total of 412 patients with various types of HCP who had undergone ventriculostomy was retrospectively included in the present study, and intraoperative ICP was recorded following ventricular catheter insertion. Several clinical factors and imaging parameters were analyzed for the relationship with ICP by linear correlation. The predictive performance of ICP was compared among linear, non-linear, and ML regression models. RESULTS Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) had a moderately positive correlation with ICP (r=0.530, P<0.001), while several ventricular indexes were not statistically significant in correlation with ICP. For prediction of ICP, random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms had low mean absolute error and root mean square error values and high R2 values compared to linear and non-linear regression when the predictive model included ONSD and ventricular indexes. CONCLUSIONS The XGBoost and RF algorithms are advantageous for predicting preoperative ICP and establishing prognoses for HCP patients. Furthermore, ML-based prediction could be used as a non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avika Trakulpanitkit
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thara Tunthanathip
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Miyagawa T, Saga M, Sasaki M, Shimizu M, Yamaura A. Statistical and machine learning approaches to predict the necessity for computed tomography in children with mild traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278562. [PMID: 36595496 PMCID: PMC9810188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minor head trauma in children is a common reason for emergency department visits, but the risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in those children is very low. Therefore, physicians should consider the indication for computed tomography (CT) to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to children. The purpose of this study was to statistically assess the differences between control and mild TBI (mTBI). In addition, we also investigate the feasibility of machine learning (ML) to predict the necessity of CT scans in children with mTBI. METHODS AND FINDINGS The study enrolled 1100 children under the age of 2 years to assess pre-verbal children. Other inclusion and exclusion criteria were per the PECARN study. Data such as demographics, injury details, medical history, and neurological assessment were used for statistical evaluation and creation of the ML algorithm. The number of children with clinically important TBI (ciTBI), mTBI on CT, and controls was 28, 30, and 1042, respectively. Statistical significance between the control group and clinically significant TBI requiring hospitalization (csTBI: ciTBI+mTBI on CT) was demonstrated for all nonparametric predictors except severity of the injury mechanism. The comparison between the three groups also showed significance for all predictors (p<0.05). This study showed that supervised ML for predicting the need for CT scan can be generated with 95% accuracy. It also revealed the significance of each predictor in the decision tree, especially the "days of life." CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the role and importance of each of the predictors mentioned in the PECARN study and show that ML could discriminate between children with csTBI and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Miyagawa
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Saga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Minami Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
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Sorantin E, Grasser MG, Hemmelmayr A, Tschauner S, Hrzic F, Weiss V, Lacekova J, Holzinger A. The augmented radiologist: artificial intelligence in the practice of radiology. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:2074-2086. [PMID: 34664088 PMCID: PMC9537212 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In medicine, particularly in radiology, there are great expectations in artificial intelligence (AI), which can "see" more than human radiologists in regard to, for example, tumor size, shape, morphology, texture and kinetics - thus enabling better care by earlier detection or more precise reports. Another point is that AI can handle large data sets in high-dimensional spaces. But it should not be forgotten that AI is only as good as the training samples available, which should ideally be numerous enough to cover all variants. On the other hand, the main feature of human intelligence is content knowledge and the ability to find near-optimal solutions. The purpose of this paper is to review the current complexity of radiology working places, to describe their advantages and shortcomings. Further, we give an AI overview of the different types and features as used so far. We also touch on the differences between AI and human intelligence in problem-solving. We present a new AI type, labeled "explainable AI," which should enable a balance/cooperation between AI and human intelligence - thus bringing both worlds in compliance with legal requirements. For support of (pediatric) radiologists, we propose the creation of an AI assistant that augments radiologists and keeps their brain free for generic tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Sorantin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 36, A - 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael G Grasser
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 36, A - 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ariane Hemmelmayr
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 36, A - 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Tschauner
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 36, A - 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Franko Hrzic
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - Veronika Weiss
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 36, A - 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Jana Lacekova
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 36, A - 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Abdul-Rahman A, Morgan W, Yu DY. A machine learning approach in the non-invasive prediction of intracranial pressure using Modified Photoplethysmography. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275417. [PMID: 36174066 PMCID: PMC9521929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ideal Intracranial pressure (ICP) estimation method should be accurate, reliable, cost-effective, compact, and associated with minimal morbidity/mortality. To this end several described non-invasive methods in ICP estimation have yielded promising results, however the reliability of these techniques have yet to supersede invasive methods of ICP measurement. Over several publications, we described a novel imaging method of Modified Photoplethysmography in the evaluation of the retinal vascular pulse parameters decomposed in the Fourier domain, which enables computationally efficient information filtering of the retinal vascular pulse wave. We applied this method in a population of 21 subjects undergoing lumbar puncture manometry. A regression model was derived by applying an Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) machine learning algorithm using retinal vascular pulse harmonic regression waveform amplitude (HRWa), first and second harmonic cosine and sine coefficients (an1,2, bn1,2) among other features. Gain and SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values ranked feature importance in the model. Agreement between the predicted ICP mean, median and peak density with measured ICP was assessed using Bland-Altman bias±standard error. Feature gain of intraocular pressure (IOPi) (arterial = 0.6092, venous = 0.5476), and of the Fourier coefficients, an1 (arterial = 0.1000, venous = 0.1024) ranked highest in the XGB model for both vascular systems. The arterial model SHAP values demonstrated the importance of the laterality of the tested eye (1.2477), which was less prominent in the venous model (0.8710). External validation was achieved using seven hold-out test cases, where the median venous predicted ICP showed better agreement with measured ICP. Although the Bland-Altman bias from the venous model (0.034±1.8013 cm water (p<0.99)) was lower compared to that of the arterial model (0.139±1.6545 cm water (p<0.94)), the arterial model provided a potential avenue for internal validation of the prediction. This approach can potentially be integrated into a neurological clinical decision algorithm to evaluate the indication for lumbar puncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - William Morgan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Schweingruber N, Mader M, Wiehe A, Röder F, Göttsche J, Kluge S, Westphal M, Czorlich P, Gerloff C. A recurrent machine learning model predicts intracranial hypertension in neurointensive care patients. Brain 2022; 145:2910-2919. [PMID: 35139181 PMCID: PMC9486888 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of intracranial pressure (ICP) of critically ill patients admitted to a neurointensive care unit (ICU) is difficult to predict. Besides the underlying disease and compromised intracranial space, ICP is affected by a multitude of factors, many of which are monitored on the ICU, but the complexity of the resulting patterns limits their clinical use. This paves the way for new machine learning (ML) techniques to assist clinical management of patients undergoing invasive ICP monitoring independent of the underlying disease. An institutional cohort (ICP-ICU) of patients with invasive ICP monitoring (n = 1346) was used to train recurrent ML models to predict the occurrence of ICP increases of ≥ 22mmHg over a long (> 2 hours) time period in the upcoming hours. External validation was performed on patients undergoing invasive ICP measurement in two publicly available datasets (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC, n = 998) and eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU, n = 1634)). Different distances (1h-24 h) between prediction time point and upcoming critical phase were evaluated, demonstrating a decrease in performance but still robust AUC-ROC with larger distances (24 h AUC-ROC: ICP-ICU 0.826 ± 0.0071, MIMIC 0.836 ± 0.0063, eICU 0.779 ± 0.0046, 1 h AUC-ROC: ICP-ICU 0.982 ± 0.0008, MIMIC 0.965 ± 0.0010, eICU 0.941 ± 0.0025). The model operates on sparse hourly data and is stable in handling variable input lengths and missingness through its nature of recurrence and internal memory. Calculation of gradient-based feature importance revealed individual underlying decisions for our Long Short Time Memory (LSTM) based model and thereby provided improved clinical interpretability. Recurrent ML models have the potential to be an effective tool for the prediction of ICP increases with high translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schweingruber
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Marius Mader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Anton Wiehe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.,Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22527, Germany
| | - Frank Röder
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.,Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22527, Germany
| | - Jennifer Göttsche
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Patrick Czorlich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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Ye G, Balasubramanian V, Li JKJ, Kaya M. Machine Learning-Based Continuous Intracranial Pressure Prediction for Traumatic Injury Patients. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2022; 10:4901008. [PMID: 35795876 PMCID: PMC9252333 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3179874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structured Abstract—Objective: Abnormal elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) can cause dangerous or even fatal outcomes. The early detection of high intracranial pressure events can be crucial in saving lives in an intensive care unit (ICU). Despite many applications of machine learning (ML) techniques related to clinical diagnosis, ML applications for continuous ICP detection or short-term predictions have been rarely reported. This study proposes an efficient method of applying an artificial recurrent neural network on the early prediction of ICP evaluation continuously for TBI patients. Methods: After ICP data preprocessing, the learning model is generated for thirteen patients to continuously predict the ICP signal occurrence and classify events for the upcoming 10 minutes by inputting the previous 20-minutes of the ICP signal. Results: As the overall model performance, the average accuracy is 94.62%, the average sensitivity is 74.91%, the average specificity is 94.83%, and the average root mean square error is approximately 2.18 mmHg. Conclusion: This research addresses a significant clinical problem with the management of traumatic brain injury patients. The machine learning model data enables early prediction of ICP continuously in a real-time fashion, which is crucial for appropriate clinical interventions. The results show that our machine learning-based model has high adaptive performance, accuracy, and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochang Ye
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Vignesh Balasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - John K-J. Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
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Dang J, Lal A, Flurin L, James A, Gajic O, Rabinstein AA. Predictive modeling in neurocritical care using causal artificial intelligence. World J Crit Care Med 2021; 10:112-119. [PMID: 34316446 PMCID: PMC8291004 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i4.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin models of various systems have long been used in industry to test products quickly and efficiently. Use of digital twins in clinical medicine caught attention with the development of Archimedes, an AI model of diabetes, in 2003. More recently, AI models have been applied to the fields of cardiology, endocrinology, and undergraduate medical education. The use of digital twins and AI thus far has focused mainly on chronic disease management, their application in the field of critical care medicine remains much less explored. In neurocritical care, current AI technology focuses on interpreting electroencephalography, monitoring intracranial pressure, and prognosticating outcomes. AI models have been developed to interpret electroencephalograms by helping to annotate the tracings, detecting seizures, and identifying brain activation in unresponsive patients. In this mini-review we describe the challenges and opportunities in building an actionable AI model pertinent to neurocritical care that can be used to educate the newer generation of clinicians and augment clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Dang
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Laure Flurin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Amy James
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Ognjen Gajic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Alejandro A Rabinstein
- Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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