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Thomas HR, Gevorgyan A, Hermanson A, Yanders S, Erndwein L, Norman-Ariztía M, Sparks EE, Frank MH. Graft incompatibility between pepper and tomato can be attributed to genetic incompatibility between diverged immune systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.29.587379. [PMID: 38617251 PMCID: PMC11014474 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.29.587379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Graft compatibility is the capacity of two plants to form cohesive vascular connections. Tomato and pepper are incompatible graft partners; however, the underlying cause of graft rejection between these two species remains unknown.We diagnosed graft incompatibility between tomato and diverse pepper varieties based on weakened biophysical stability, decreased growth, and persistent cell death using trypan blue and TUNEL assays. Transcriptomic analysis of cell death in the junction was performed using RNA-sequencing, and molecular signatures for incompatible graft response were characterized based on meta-transcriptomic comparisons with other biotic processes.We show that tomato is broadly incompatible with diverse pepper cultivars. These incompatible graft partners activate prolonged transcriptional changes that are highly enriched for defense processes. Amongst these processes was broad NLR upregulation and hypersensitive response. Using transcriptomic datasets for a variety of biotic stress treatments, we identified a significant overlap in the genetic profile of incompatible grafting and plant parasitism. In addition, we found over 1000 genes that are uniquely upregulated in incompatible grafts.Based on NLR overactivity, DNA damage, and prolonged cell death we have determined that tomato and pepper graft incompatibility is likely caused by a form of genetic incompatibility, which triggers a hyperimmune-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rae Thomas
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- John Innes Centre, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Norwich UK
| | - Alice Gevorgyan
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Stanford University, Department of Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Hermanson
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Samantha Yanders
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Lindsay Erndwein
- University of Delaware, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Newark, DE 19713,USA
- USDA-ARS, Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Chatsworth,NJ 08019, USA
| | | | - Erin E. Sparks
- University of Delaware, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Newark, DE 19713,USA
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Effects of the Rhizosphere Fungus Cunninghamella bertholletiae on the Solanum lycopersicum Response to Diverse Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168909. [PMID: 36012179 PMCID: PMC9408995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the efficiency of fungal strain (Cunninghamella bertholletiae) isolated from the rhizosphere of Solanum lycopersicum to reduce symptoms of salinity, drought and heavy metal stresses in tomato plants. In vitro evaluation of C. bertholletiae demonstrated its ability to produce indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), ammonia and tolerate varied abiotic stresses on solid media. Tomato plants at 33 days’ old, inoculated with or without C. bertholletiae, were treated with 1.5% sodium chloride, 25% polyethylene glycol, 3 mM cadmium and 3 mM lead for 10 days, and the impact of C. bertholletiae on plant performance was investigated. Inoculation with C. bertholletiae enhanced plant biomass and growth attributes in stressed plants. In addition, C. bertholletiae modulated the physiochemical apparatus of stressed plants by raising chlorophyll, carotenoid, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and reducing hydrogen peroxide, protein, lipid metabolism, amino acid, antioxidant activities, and abscisic acid. Gene expression analysis showed enhanced expression of SlCDF3 and SlICS genes and reduced expression of SlACCase, SlAOS, SlGRAS6, SlRBOHD, SlRING1, SlTAF1, and SlZH13 genes following C. bertholletiae application. In conclusion, our study supports the potential of C. bertholletiae as a biofertilizer to reduce plant damage, improve crop endurance and remediation under stress conditions.
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