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Jing S, Li Y, Li Q, Huang Y, Han S, Zhang Q, Fan J, He H. Epidemiological investigation of Trichomonas gallinae in beijing, China. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 24:100957. [PMID: 39035104 PMCID: PMC11260024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae is a globally distributed protozoan parasite that causes avian trichomoniasis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in birds. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationship of T. gallinae in various bird species in Beijing. A total of 413 oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from domestic pigeons, wild pigeons, and other bird species. The overall prevalence of T. gallinae infection was 32.0% (132/413). The infection was detected in domestic pigeons, wild pigeons, and red-necked turtledoves, but not in other wild birds. Molecular analysis identified two predominant genotypes, A and B, with genotype A found in wild pigeons and genotype B found in domestic pigeons. The present study provides valuable insights on the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. gallinae in Beijing. This can be useful for understanding its pathogen distribution and host range, and the development of strategies for the prevention and control of avian trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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Prevalence and diversity of Trichomonas gallinae in meat pigeons (Columba livia) in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3183-3191. [PMID: 36083410 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Pigeon farming for meat has developed into an important economic industry in most countries, especially in China. Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae, is a worldwide disease in pigeons. However, studies of the prevalence and distribution of T. gallinae lineages in domestic pigeons in southern China are limited. In this study, a total of 636 pigeon throat swabs samples from four regions in Guangdong Province were screened for T. gallinae by in vitro culture assays and microscopy. The results revealed an overall prevalence of T. gallinae infection in southern China of 26.6% (169/636). There were significant differences in the infection rate of T. gallinae between the four regions (χ2 = 117.948, df = 4, P = 0.000), with up to 44.6% in the Pearl River Delta region. The infection rate of young pigeons was as high as 70.8%. The rDNA sequences (18S rRNA/ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2) of 153 positive samples were amplified and sequenced. Results identified 58.2% (89/153) overall as ITS-A (18S-VI) (also known as ITS-OBT-Tg-1) and 41.8% (64/153) as ITS-B (18S-IV) (also known as ITS-OBT-Tg-2). Thus, ITS-A (18S-VI) was the dominant T. gallinae genotype in southern China, especially in young pigeon (97.0%, 32/33). In conclusion, a high prevalence of T. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons was identified in southern China, particularly in the Pearl River Delta region. The ITS-A (18S-VI) was the dominant genotype highly pathogenic, which may weaken the immune system of pigeons, and cause a negative impact on the development of the pigeon industry in China.
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Chen DQ, Luo XY, Li QQ, Pan JC, Zhang H, Gu YY, Kan ZZ, Huang JM, Fang Z, Liu XC, Gu YF, Li WC. Molecular prevalence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae in three domestic free-range poultry breeds in Anhui Province, China. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2841-2848. [PMID: 35939147 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae can colonize the alimentary tract of domestic birds. However, little information is available on the epidemiology of the two trichomonad species in domestic free-range poultry in China. In this study, the occurrence and genetic characteristic of T. gallinarum and T. gallinae among free-range chickens, ducks, and geese in Anhui Province, China, were investigated. The 1910 fecal samples collected from 18 free-range poultry farms throughout Anhui Province were examined for the presence of T. gallinarum and T. gallinae by PCR and sequence analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of T. gallinarum and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence of T. gallinae. The overall occurrence of T. gallinarum in poultry was 1.2% (22/1910), with infection rates of 2.1% (17/829) in chickens, 0.2% (1/487) in ducks, and 0.7% (4/594) in geese. The constructed phylogeny tree using the concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSU rRNA indicated the T. gallinarum isolates detected in this study were closely related to previously defined genogroups A, D, and E, respectively. Nine (0.5%) fecal samples were positive for T. gallinae, with infection rates of 0.8% (7/829) in chickens, 0.4% (2/487) in ducks, and 0% (0/594) in geese. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that four T. gallinae ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences obtained from chicken feces and one duck fecal sample belonged to genotype ITS-OBT-Tg-1. This is the first report of the prevalence and genetic characterization of T. gallinarum and T. gallinae in free-range chickens, ducks, and geese in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qian Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Chao Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hen Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Yue Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Kan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Min Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhui Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Chao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Fang Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, People's Republic of China.
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Molecular characterization of the Fe‑hydrogenase gene marker in Trichomonas gallinae isolated from birds in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102263. [PMID: 33278606 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae causes avian oropharyngeal trichomonosis. This pathogen affects a large number of bird species and may cause substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Al-Azizia poultry market in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is among the largest poultry markets in the Arabian Gulf. Birds traded in this market may be exposed to a variety of T. gallinae strains. Genetic diversity of T. gallinae among birds in the market was examined using Fe‑hydrogenase gene sequences. These sequences were amplified by PCR for twenty-nine isolates of T. gallinae from four different avian species, including 21 feral pigeons, one common mynah, three chickens, and four turkeys. Sequence analysis showed ten variant gene sequences. Nine sequences comprise a new subtype, including A(KSAF1), C(KSAF1) and C(KSAF3) with 34.48% (n = 10), 6.90% (n = 2), 6.90% (n = 2) of the isolates, respectively. Analyses also showed an additional five new sequences (KSAF1.1., KSAF2, KSAF13, KSAF14, KSAF15), representing 17.24% of the isolates. Subtype II (KSAF) was found in four feral pigeons (13.80%). To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe genotypes of T. gallinae from pigeons in Saudi Arabia using Fe‑hydrogenase gene sequences for subtyping. Subtype analysis infers the presence of multiple genotypes of T. gallinae in Saudi avian populations.
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