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Muehlbauer T, Giesen M, Roß N, Schedler S, Hill MW. Time-course of balance training-related changes on static and dynamic balance performance in healthy children. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:81. [PMID: 38504326 PMCID: PMC10949652 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In healthy children, there is evidence of improvements in static and dynamic balance performance following balance training. However, the time-course of balance training-related changes is unknown. Thus, we determined the effects of balance training after one, three, and six weeks of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance in healthy children (N = 44, 20 females, mean age: 9.6 ± 0.5 years, age range: 9-11 years). RESULTS Participants in the intervention group (2 × 25 min balance exercises per week) compared to those in the control group (2 × 25 min track and field exercises and soccer practice per week) significantly improved their static (i.e., by measuring stance time in the One-Legged Stance test) and dynamic (i.e., by counting step number in the 3-m Beam Walking Backward test) balance performance. Late effects (after 6 weeks) occurred most frequently followed by mid-term effects (after 3 weeks) and then early effects (after 1 week). These findings imply that balance training is effective to improve static and dynamic measures of balance in healthy children, whereby the effectiveness increases with increasing training period. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16518737 (retrospectively registered at 24th August, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg- Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Michael Giesen
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg- Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Nele Roß
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg- Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Schedler
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg- Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathew W Hill
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Dussault-Picard C, Havashinezhadian S, Turpin NA, Moissenet F, Turcot K, Cherni Y. Age-related modifications of muscle synergies during daily-living tasks: A scoping review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 113:106207. [PMID: 38367481 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with changes in neuromuscular control that can lead to difficulties in performing daily living tasks. Muscle synergy analysis allows the assessment of neuromuscular control strategies and functional deficits. However, the age-related changes of muscle synergies during functional tasks are scattered throughout the literature. This review aimed to synthesize the existing literature on muscle synergies in elderly people during daily-living tasks and examine how they differ from those exhibited by young adults. METHODS The Medline, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies were included if they focused on muscle synergies in elderly people during walking, sit-to-stand or stair ascent, and if muscle synergies were obtained by a matrix factorization algorithm. FINDINGS Seventeen studies were included after the screening process. The muscle synergies of 295 elderly people and 182 young adults were reported, including 5 to 16 muscles per leg, or leg and trunk. Results suggest that: 1) elderly people and young adults retain similar muscle synergies' number, 2) elderly people have higher muscles weighting during walking, and 3) an increased inter and intra-subject temporal activation variability during specific tasks (i.e., walking and stair ascent, respectively) was reported in elderly people compared to young adults. INTERPRETATION This review gives a comprehensive understanding of age-related changes in neuromuscular control during daily living tasks. Our findings suggested that although the number of synergies remains similar, metrics such as spatial and temporal structures of synergies are more suitable to identify neuromuscular control deficits between young adults and elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Dussault-Picard
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Laboratoire de Neurobiomécanique & Neuroréadaptation de la Locomotion (NNL), Centre de recherche du CHU Ste Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Havashinezhadian
- Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Turpin
- IRISSE (EA 4075), UFR SHE, Département des sciences du sport (STAPS), Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Florent Moissenet
- Laboratoire de kinésiologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; Laboratoire de biomécanique, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Katia Turcot
- Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yosra Cherni
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Laboratoire de Neurobiomécanique & Neuroréadaptation de la Locomotion (NNL), Centre de recherche du CHU Ste Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Temporiti F, Galbiati E, Bianchi F, Bianchi AM, Galli M, Gatti R. Early sleep after action observation plus motor imagery improves gait and balance abilities in older adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3179. [PMID: 38326504 PMCID: PMC10850554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Action observation plus motor imagery (AOMI) is a rehabilitative approach to improve gait and balance performance. However, limited benefits have been reported in older adults. Early sleep after motor practice represents a strategy to enhance the consolidation of trained skills. Here, we investigated the effects of AOMI followed by early sleep on gait and balance performance in older adults. Forty-five older adults (mean age: 70.4 ± 5.2 years) were randomized into three groups performing a 3-week training. Specifically, AOMI-sleep and AOMI-control groups underwent observation and motor imagery of gait and balance tasks between 8:00 and 10:00 p.m. or between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m. respectively, whereas Control group observed landscape video-clips. Participants were assessed for gait performance, static and dynamic balance and fear of falling before and after training and at 1-month follow-up. The results revealed that early sleep after AOMI training sessions improved gait and balance abilities in older adults compared to AOMI-control and Control groups. Furthermore, these benefits were retained at 1-month after the training end. These findings suggested that early sleep after AOMI may represent a safe and easy-applicable intervention to minimize the functional decay in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Temporiti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, via Ponzio 34, Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Galbiati
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bianchi
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bianchi
- Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, via Ponzio 34, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, via Ponzio 34, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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Erdoğan ET, Kır C, Beycan E, Karakaya E, Altınçınar S, Bayramoğlu T, Eskikurt G, Karamürsel S. Acute Effect of Single-Session Cerebellar Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Volunteers. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1107. [PMID: 37509037 PMCID: PMC10377200 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown the positive effect of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on balance in patients and older adults. However, in healthy volunteers, the results are conflicting. We aimed to investigate the immediate effect of anodal ctDCS on the dynamic-static balance in healthy, non-athletic young adults due to the possible benefits for sports performance. Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in two consecutive 20 min sessions of ctDCS (2 mA current intensity), with 1-week intervals (anodal ctDCS-sham ctDCS). Flamingo and Y-Balance tests were used to evaluate the static and dynamic balances before and after the ctDCS. A Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to evaluate the changes in sustained attention, impulsivity, and vigilance. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the changes in balance scores, reaction time, omission, and commission numbers. There were no statistically significant differences in dynamic and static balance scores and in CPT parameters between conditions. In conclusion, there was no immediate neuromodulation effect of anodal ctDCS to improve balance performance in healthy, young individuals. Furthermore, no evidence was found to support the use of cerebellar tDCS to improve sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Tuna Erdoğan
- Department of Physiology, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Kır
- Innovative Center for Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Beycan
- Innovative Center for Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Karakaya
- Innovative Center for Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sanem Altınçınar
- Innovative Center for Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türkü Bayramoğlu
- Innovative Center for Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökçer Eskikurt
- Innovative Center for Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sacit Karamürsel
- Department of Physiology, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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Nascimento MDM, Maduro PA, Rios PMB, Nascimento LDS, Silva CN, Kliegel M, Ihle A. The Effects of 12-Week Dual-Task Physical-Cognitive Training on Gait, Balance, Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Cognition in Older Adult Women: A Randomized Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085498. [PMID: 37107780 PMCID: PMC10139030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of dual-task physical-cognitive the training on body balance (BB), gait performance (GP), lower limb muscle strength (LEMS), and cognitive performance (CP) in a group of cognitively normal older adult women (n = 44; 66.20 ± 4.05 years). Of these, 22 were randomly allocated to the dual-task training (DT) group, and 22 participated in the control group (CG). Assessments were performed at baseline, after 12 weeks of intervention, and at the end of 12 weeks of follow-up, using the following instruments: Timed Up & Go (TUG), Timed Up & Go manual (TUGm), Timed Up & Go cognitive (TUGc), Balance Test (TEC), sit-to-stand test (STS), and verbal fluency test (VF). After 12 weeks of DT training, participants showed a significant time × group interaction in all motor assessments (BB, GP, LEMS), as well as in three cognitive tests (VF-grouping, VF-exchange, VF-total). No time-group interaction effect was indicated for the VF-category test. At all evaluation times, CG members maintained constant physical and cognitive performance. We conclude that 12 weeks of physical-cognitive DT training was effective in promoting BB, GP, and LEMS, as well as CP in cognitively normal older adult women, with lasting effects up to 12 weeks after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Campus Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(87)-21016856
| | - Paula Andreatta Maduro
- University Hospital of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Campus Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Pâmala Morais Bagano Rios
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Campus Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Lara dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Campus Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nascimento Silva
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Campus Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland (A.I.)
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland (A.I.)
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Theodosiadou A, Henry M, Duchateau J, Baudry S. Revisiting the use of Hoffmann reflex in motor control research on humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:695-710. [PMID: 36571622 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research in movement science aims at unravelling mechanisms and designing methods for restoring and maximizing human functional capacity, and many techniques provide access to neural adjustments (acute changes) or long-term adaptations (chronic changes) underlying changes in movement capabilities. First described by Paul Hoffmann over a century ago, when an electrical stimulus is applied to a peripheral nerve, this causes action potentials in afferent axons, primarily the Ia afferents of the muscle spindles, which recruit homonymous motor neurons, thereby causing an electromyographic response known as the Hoffmann (H) reflex. This technique is a valuable tool in the study of the neuromuscular function in humans and has provided relevant information in the neural control of movement. The large use of the H reflex in motor control research on humans relies in part to its relative simplicity. However, such simplicity masks subtleties that require rigorous experimental protocols and careful data interpretation. After highlighting basic properties and methodological aspects that should be considered for the correct use of the H-reflex technique, this brief narrative review discusses the purpose of the H reflex and emphasizes its use as a tool to assess the effectiveness of Ia afferents in discharging motor neurones. The review also aims to reconsider the link between H-reflex modulation and Ia presynaptic inhibition, the use of the H-reflex technique in motor control studies, and the effects of ageing. These aspects are summarized as recommendations for the use of the H reflex in motor control research on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Theodosiadou
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Henry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Duchateau
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Uematsu A, Tsuchiya K, Fukushima H, Hortobágyi T. Effects of Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Standing Balance Exergaming Training on Healthy Older Adults' Standing Balance and Walking Performance. Games Health J 2023. [PMID: 36944151 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effects of motor-cognitive dual-task exergaming standing balance training on healthy older adults' static, dynamic, and walking balance. Methods: Twenty-four adults older than 70 years (control group: n = 9, males = 6, balance training group: n = 15, males = 8) completed the experiment. Dual-tasking standing balance training comprised the accurate control of a ping-pong ball on a tray held with both hands, while standing on one leg (analog training) and three modules of Wii Fit™ exergaming (digital training). The duration of balance training was ∼15 minutes per day, 2 days per week for 8 weeks, in total 16 sessions. We measured one-leg standing time, functional reach distance, walking balance evaluated by the distance walked on a narrow beam (4-cm long, 4-cm wide, and 2-cm high) with single and dual tasking, habitual and maximal walking speed, and muscle strength of the hip extensor, hip abductor, hip adductor, knee extensor, and plantarflexor muscle groups in the right leg at baseline and after 8 weeks. Results: Control group decreased, but balance training group increased one-leg standing time. Only the balance training group improved functional reach distance and hip and knee extensor strength. There was no change in walking speed and walking balance in either group. In the balance training group, changes in maximal speed correlated with changes in dual-tasking walking balance and changes in one-leg standing time correlated with changes in single-tasking walking balance. Conclusion: These results suggest that 16 sessions of motor-cognitive dual-task standing exergaming balance training substantially improved healthy older adults' static and dynamic balance and leg muscle strength but failed to improve walking speed and walking balance. Balance exercises specific to walking balance need to be included in balance training to improve walking balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Uematsu
- Faculty of Sociology, Otemon Gakuin University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yoshioka Hospital, Tendo, Japan
| | | | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Somogy Country Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Káposvar, Hungary
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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