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Su X, Swallow KM. People can reliably detect action changes and goal changes during naturalistic perception. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01525-8. [PMID: 38315292 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
As a part of ongoing perception, the human cognitive system segments others' activities into discrete episodes (event segmentation). Although prior research has shown that this process is likely related to changes in an actor's actions and goals, it has not yet been determined whether untrained observers can reliably identify action and goal changes as naturalistic activities unfold, or whether the changes they identify are tied to visual features of the activity (e.g., the beginnings and ends of object interactions). This study addressed these questions by examining untrained participants' identification of action changes, goal changes, and event boundaries while watching videos of everyday activities that were presented in both first-person and third-person perspectives. We found that untrained observers can identify goal changes and action changes consistently, and these changes are not explained by visual change and the onsets or offsets of contact with objects. Moreover, the action and goal changes identified by untrained observers were associated with event boundaries, even after accounting for objective visual features of the videos. These findings suggest that people can identify action and goal changes consistently and with high agreement, that they do so by using sensory information flexibly, and that the action and goal changes they identify may contribute to event segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khena M Swallow
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science Program, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Simeoni R, Colonnelli F, Eutizi V, Marchetti M, Paolini E, Papalini V, Punturo A, Salvò A, Scipinotti N, Serpente C, Barbini E, Troscia R, Maccioni G, Giansanti D. The Social Robot and the Digital Physiotherapist: Are We Ready for the Team Play? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1454. [PMID: 34828501 PMCID: PMC8618922 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: We are witnessing two phenomena. The first is that the physiotherapist is increasingly becoming a figure that must interact with Digital Health. On the other hand, social robots through research are improving more and more in the aspects of social interaction thanks also to artificial intelligence and becoming useful in rehabilitation processes. It begins to become strategic to investigate the intersections between these two phenomena. Objective: Therefore, we set ourselves the goal of investigating the consensus and opinion of physiotherapists around the introduction of social robots in clinical practice both in rehabilitation and assistance. Procedure: An electronic survey has been developed focused on social robot-based rehabilitation and assistance and has been submitted to subjects focused on physiotherapy sciences to investigate their opinion and their level of consent regarding the use of the social robot in rehabilitation and assistance. Two samples of subjects were recruited: the first group (156 participating subjects, 79 males, 77 females, mean age 24.3 years) was in the training phase, and the second (167 participating subjects, 86 males, 81 females, mean age 42.4 years) group was involved in the work processes. An electronic feedback form was also submitted to investigate the acceptance of the proposed methodology. Results: The survey showed a consistency of the results between the two samples from which interesting considerations emerge. Contrary to stereotypes that report how AI-based devices put jobs at risk, physiotherapists are not afraid of these devices. The subjects involved in the study believe the following: (a) social robots can be reliable co-workers but will remain a complementary device; (b) their role will be of the utmost importance as an operational manager in their use and in performance monitoring; (c) these devices will allow an increase in working capacity and facilitate integration. All those involved in the study believe that the proposed electronic survey has proved to be a useful and effective tool that can be useful as a periodic monitoring tool and useful for scientific societies. Conclusions: The evolution of social robots represents an unstoppable process as does the increase in the aging of the population. Stakeholders must not look with suspicion toward these devices, which can represent an important resource, but rather invest in monitoring and consensus training initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Simeoni
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Federico Colonnelli
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Veronica Eutizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Matteo Marchetti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena Paolini
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Valentina Papalini
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Alessio Punturo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Alice Salvò
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Nicoletta Scipinotti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Christian Serpente
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Emanuele Barbini
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Riccardo Troscia
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
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Giansanti D. The Social Robot in Rehabilitation and Assistance: What Is the Future? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:244. [PMID: 33668987 PMCID: PMC7996596 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary aims to address the field of social robots both in terms of the global situation and research perspectives. It has four polarities. First, it revisits the evolutions in robotics, which, starting from collaborative robotics, has led to the diffusion of social robots. Second, it illustrates the main fields in the employment of social robots in rehabilitation and assistance in the elderly and handicapped and in further emerging sectors. Third, it takes a look at the future directions of the research development both in terms of clinical and technological aspects. Fourth, it discusses the opportunities and limits, starting from the development and clinical use of social robots during the COVID-19 pandemic to the increase of ethical discussion on their use.
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