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Guo Z, Kundu S. Recent research progress in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biosynthesis, chemical/chemoenzymatic synthesis, and interaction with the cell membrane. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102421. [PMID: 38181647 PMCID: PMC10922524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) attachment to the C-terminus of proteins is a prevalent posttranslational modification in eukaryotic species, and GPIs help anchor proteins to the cell surface. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play a key role in various biological events. However, GPI-APs are difficult to access and investigate. To tackle the problem, chemical and chemoenzymatic methods have been explored for the preparation of GPI-APs, as well as GPI probes that facilitate the study of GPIs on live cells. Substantial progress has also been made regarding GPI-AP biosynthesis, which is helpful for developing new synthetic methods for GPI-APs. This article reviews the recent advancements in the study of GPI-AP biosynthesis, GPI-AP synthesis, and GPI interaction with the cell membrane utilizing synthetic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Liu YS, Wang Y, Zhou X, Zhang L, Yang G, Gao XD, Murakami Y, Fujita M, Kinoshita T. Accumulated precursors of specific GPI-anchored proteins upregulate GPI biosynthesis with ARV1. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213904. [PMID: 36828365 PMCID: PMC9997660 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis is upregulated when endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is defective; however, the underlying mechanistic basis remains unclear. Based on a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we show that a widely expressed GPI-anchored protein CD55 precursor and ER-resident ARV1 are involved in upregulation of GPI biosynthesis under ERAD-deficient conditions. In cells defective in GPI transamidase, GPI-anchored protein precursors fail to obtain GPI, with the remaining uncleaved GPI-attachment signal at the C-termini. We show that ERAD deficiency causes accumulation of the CD55 precursor, which in turn upregulates GPI biosynthesis, where the GPI-attachment signal peptide is the active element. Among the 31 GPI-anchored proteins tested, only the GPI-attachment signal peptides of CD55, CD48, and PLET1 enhance GPI biosynthesis. ARV1 is prerequisite for the GPI upregulation by CD55 precursor. Our data indicate that GPI biosynthesis is balanced to need by ARV1 and precursors of specific GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University , Suita, Japan
| | - Xiaoman Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China
| | - Linpei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University , Suita, Japan
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China.,Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University , Suita, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University , Suita, Japan
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Aguilera-Romero A, Muñiz M. GPI anchors: Regulated as needed. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303097. [PMID: 37052883 PMCID: PMC10114539 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GPI anchoring is an essential post-translational modification in eukaryotes that links proteins to the plasma membrane. In this issue, Liu et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202208159) suggest, for the first time, a regulation on demand of the GPI glycolipid precursor biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Bandini G, Damerow S, Sempaio Guther ML, Guo H, Mehlert A, Paredes Franco JC, Beverley S, Ferguson MAJ. An essential, kinetoplastid-specific GDP-Fuc: β-D-Gal α-1,2-fucosyltransferase is located in the mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei. eLife 2021; 10:e70272. [PMID: 34410224 PMCID: PMC8439653 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucose is a common component of eukaryotic cell-surface glycoconjugates, generally added by Golgi-resident fucosyltransferases. Whereas fucosylated glycoconjugates are rare in kinetoplastids, the biosynthesis of the nucleotide sugar GDP-Fuc has been shown to be essential in Trypanosoma brucei. Here we show that the single identifiable T. brucei fucosyltransferase (TbFUT1) is a GDP-Fuc: β-D-galactose α-1,2-fucosyltransferase with an apparent preference for a Galβ1,3GlcNAcβ1-O-R acceptor motif. Conditional null mutants of TbFUT1 demonstrated that it is essential for both the mammalian-infective bloodstream form and the insect vector-dwelling procyclic form. Unexpectedly, TbFUT1 was localized in the mitochondrion of T. brucei and found to be required for mitochondrial function in bloodstream form trypanosomes. Finally, the TbFUT1 gene was able to complement a Leishmania major mutant lacking the homologous fucosyltransferase gene (Guo et al., 2021). Together these results suggest that kinetoplastids possess an unusual, conserved and essential mitochondrial fucosyltransferase activity that may have therapeutic potential across trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bandini
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Damerow
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Lucia Sempaio Guther
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Angela Mehlert
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jose Carlos Paredes Franco
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Michael AJ Ferguson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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