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Köprülü D, Hassan MO, Atmaca H, Albayrak S, Işcanlı E. Inflammatory Markers and Aortic Aneurysms: Exploring the Role of Hs-CRP and MHR in Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Development. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:2899-2905. [PMID: 38974139 PMCID: PMC11225952 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s465873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic aneurysms, particularly those affecting the ascending aorta, pose significant health risks due to their potential to cause life-threatening complications such as rupture and dissection. While the etiology of ascending aortic aneurysms has traditionally been associated with non-inflammatory processes, emerging evidence suggests a potential role of inflammation in their development. Methods This study investigates the relationship between inflammatory markers and ascending aortic aneurysms, focusing on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR). A total of 135 patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and 40 control subjects underwent comprehensive evaluations, including echocardiography, computed tomography imaging, and serum biomarker measurements. Results The results indicate significantly elevated levels of hs-CRP and MHR in patients with ascending aortic aneurysms compared to the control group, suggesting a potential inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of these aneurysms. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this association remain to be elucidated. Conclusion Despite limitations such as the cross-sectional study design and relatively small sample size, this study provides valuable insights into the potential involvement of inflammation in ascending aortic aneurysms. Further research, including longitudinal studies and histopathological analysis of aortic tissue, is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the utility of inflammatory markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyar Köprülü
- Department of Cardiology, Ordu State Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Omar Hassan
- Department of Cardiology, Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Hüsnü Atmaca
- Department of Cardiology, Samsun Gazi State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Işcanlı
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Bilkent Sehir Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Fu Y, Liu H, Li K, Wei P, Alam N, Deng J, Li M, Wu H, He X, Hou H, Xia C, Wang R, Wang W, Bai L, Xu B, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu E, Zhao S. C-reactive protein deficiency ameliorates experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233807. [PMID: 37753091 PMCID: PMC10518468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are elevated in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, it has not been investigated whether CRP contributes to AAA pathogenesis. Methods CRP deficient and wild type (WT) male mice were subjected to AAA induction via transient intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase. AAAs were monitored by in situ measurements of maximal infrarenal aortic external diameters immediately prior to and 14 days following elastase infusion. Key AAA pathologies were assessed by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining procedures. The influence of CRP deficiency on macrophage activation was evaluated in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Results CRP protein levels were higher in aneurysmal than that in non-aneurysmal aortas. Aneurysmal aortic dilation was markedly suppressed in CRP deficient (aortic diameter: 1.08 ± 0.11 mm) as compared to WT (1.21 ± 0.08 mm) mice on day 14 after elastase infusion. More medial elastin was retained in CRP deficient than in WT elastase-infused mice. Macrophage accumulation was significantly less in aneurysmal aorta from CRP deficient than that from WT mice. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression was also attenuated in CRP deficient as compared to WT aneurysmal aortas. CRP deficiency had no recognizable influence on medial smooth muscle loss, lymphocyte accumulation, aneurysmal angiogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. In in vitro assays, mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase 2 were reduced in lipopolysaccharide activated peritoneal macrophages from CRP deficient as compared to wild type mice. Conclusion CRP deficiency suppressed experimental AAAs by attenuating aneurysmal elastin destruction, macrophage accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haole Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naqash Alam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiwen Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yankui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Rega S, Farina F, Bouhuis S, de Donato S, Chiesa M, Poggio P, Cavallotti L, Bonalumi G, Giambuzzi I, Pompilio G, Perrucci GL. Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:131. [PMID: 37475058 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes treating this life-threatening aortopathy challenging, as there are currently no etiological therapy available, and pharmacological strategies, aimed at avoiding surgical aortic replacement, are merely palliative. Recent studies on novel therapies for TAA have focused on identifying biological targets and etiological mechanisms of the disease by using advanced -omics techniques, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. METHODS This review presents the latest findings from -omics approaches and underscores the importance of integrating multi-omics data to gain more comprehensive understanding of TAA. RESULTS Literature suggests that the alterations in TAA mediators frequently involve members of pro-fibrotic process (i.e., TGF-β signaling pathways) or proteins associated with cell/extracellular structures (e.g., aggrecans). Further analyses often reported the importance in TAA of processes as inflammation (PCR, CD3, leukotriene compounds), oxidative stress (chromatin OXPHOS, fatty acids), mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (e.g., PPARs and HIF1a). Of note, more recent metabolomics studies added novel molecular markers to the list of TAA-specific detrimental mediators (proteoglycans). CONCLUSION It is increasingly clear that integrating data from different -omics branches, along with clinical data, is essential as well as complicated both to reveal hidden relevant information and to address complex diseases such as TAA. Importantly, recent progresses in metabolomics highlighted novel potential and unprecedented marks in TAA diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rega
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Floriana Farina
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Bouhuis
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia de Donato
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallotti
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bonalumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giambuzzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca L Perrucci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Chandran M, S S, Abhirami, Chandran A, Jaleel A, Plakkal Ayyappan J. Defining atherosclerotic plaque biology by mass spectrometry-based omics approaches. Mol Omics 2023; 19:6-26. [PMID: 36426765 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of vascular diseases and one of the leading causes of worldwide death. Even though several insights into its natural course, risk factors and interventions have been identified, it is still an ongoing global pandemic. Since the structure and biochemical composition of the plaques show high heterogeneity, a comprehensive understanding of the intraplaque composition, its microenvironment, and the mechanisms of the progression and instability across different vascular beds at their progression stages is crucial for better risk stratification and treatment modalities. Even though several cell-based studies, animal studies, and extensive multicentric population studies have been conducted concerning cardiovascular diseases for assessing the risk factors and plaque biology, the studies on human clinical samples are very limited. New novel approaches utilize samples from percutaneous coronary interventions, which could possibly gain more access to clinical samples at different stages of the diseases without complex invasive resections. As an emerging technological platform in disease discovery research, mass spectrometry-based omics technologies offer capabilities for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms linked to several vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular processes of atherosclerosis, different mass spectrometry-based omics approaches, and the studies mostly done on clinical samples of atheroma plaque using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandran
- Translational Nanomedicine and Lifestyle Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India.,Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695012, India
| | - Sudhina S
- Translational Nanomedicine and Lifestyle Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India.
| | - Abhirami
- Translational Nanomedicine and Lifestyle Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India.
| | - Akash Chandran
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695581, Kerala, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695012, India
| | - Janeesh Plakkal Ayyappan
- Translational Nanomedicine and Lifestyle Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India.,Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695581, Kerala, India.,Centre for Advanced Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India
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Slevin M, Heidari N, Azamfirei L. Monomeric C-Reactive Protein: Current Perspectives for Utilization and Inclusion as a Prognostic Indicator and Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866379. [PMID: 35309334 PMCID: PMC8930844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP), once thought to be a figment of the imagination and whose biological activity was ascribed to its sodium azide preservative, has now pronounced itself as a critical molecule playing a direct role in mediating many of the acute and chronic aberrant pathological responses to inflammation. In this focused mini review, we describe the currently attributed pathobiological interactions of mCRP in disease, where its tissue and cellular distribution and deposition have recently been clearly characterized and linked to inflammation and other pathway-associated progression of neurological and cardiovascular complications and deleterious outcomes. and focus upon current opinions as to the diagnostic and prognostic potential of mCRP-plasma circulating protein and define the possible future therapeutics including ongoing research attempting to block CRP dissociation with small molecule inhibitors or prevention of cell surface binding directly using antibodies or modified orphan drug targeting directed towards CRP, inhibiting its cellular interactions and signaling activation. There is no doubt that understanding the full influence of the biological power of mCRP in disease development and outcome will be considered a critical parameter in future stratified treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slevin
- Department of Life Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
- The Regenerative Clinic, London, United Kingdom
- The School of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mark Slevin, ;
| | - Nima Heidari
- Department of Life Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
- The Regenerative Clinic, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard Azamfirei
- Department of Life Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
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Stilo F, Catanese V, Nenna A, Montelione N, Codispoti FA, Verghi E, Gabellini T, Jawabra M, Chello M, Spinelli F. Biomarkers in EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010183. [PMID: 35054350 PMCID: PMC8774611 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating biomarkers have been recently investigated among patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Considering the plethora of small descriptive studies reporting potential associations between biomarkers and clinical outcomes, this review aims to summarize the current literature considering both the treated disease (post EVAR) and the untreated disease (AAA before EVAR). All studies describing outcomes of tissue biomarkers in patients undergoing EVAR and in patients with AAA were included, and references were checked for additional sources. In the EVAR scenario, circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a marker of inflammatory reaction which might predict postoperative morbidity; cystatin C is a promising early marker of post-procedural acute kidney injury; plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentration after 3 months from EVAR might help in detecting post-procedural endoleak. This review also summarizes the current gaps in knowledge and future direction of this field of research. Among markers used in patients with AAA, galectin and granzyme appear to be promising and should be carefully investigated even in the EVAR setting. Larger prospective trials are required to establish and evaluate prognostic models with highest values with these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Stilo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Catanese
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (N.M.); (F.A.C.); (E.V.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Nunzio Montelione
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (N.M.); (F.A.C.); (E.V.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Alberto Codispoti
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (N.M.); (F.A.C.); (E.V.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Emanuele Verghi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (N.M.); (F.A.C.); (E.V.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Teresa Gabellini
- Residency Program of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Mohamad Jawabra
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (N.M.); (F.A.C.); (E.V.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Chello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (N.M.); (F.A.C.); (E.V.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (N.M.); (F.A.C.); (E.V.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
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Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in a young male patient, a rare case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 90:106713. [PMID: 34959091 PMCID: PMC8718574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is commonly a disease of the elderly population with an atherosclerotic aorta. We present a rare case scenario of a large ruptured AAA in a young patient. Case presentation A 32-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with abdominal pain. On examination he had hypotension with a severely tender abdomen. Imaging revealed a ruptured 10 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). He underwent an emergency open aneurysm repair and was discharged well on post-operative day 12. Apart from smoking, he had no known significant risk factors contributing to an AAA of such size. Clinical features and family history suggested a possible underlying connective tissue disorder. Clinical discussion A painful abdomen and hypotension in a young patient should prompt investigations to rule out a rare but life-threatening diagnosis of a ruptured AAA. Conclusion A possible underlying connective tissue disorder should be investigated for in any young patient presenting with an AAA. Early onset of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is rare A painful abdomen with hypotension in a young patient should prompt investigation for a possible underlying ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm Clinical features and family history provide clues for a possible connective tissue disorder as the etiology of the aneurysm in younger population
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