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Huang F, Bello ST. Spatiotemporal analysis of regional and age differences in tuberculosis prevalence in mainland China. Trop Med Int Health 2024. [PMID: 39044660 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Globally, tuberculosis is a leading cause of infectious disease deaths. China ranks third among the 30 high-burden countries for tuberculosis and accounts for approximately 7.4% of the cases reported worldwide. Since very few studies have investigated the age difference in tuberculosis prevalence in mainland China, therefore, the preliminary characterisation of age differences in tuberculosis patients is not well understood. The data of reported sputum smear-positive, tuberculosis and sputum smear-negative cases in 340 prefectures from mainland China were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to December 2018. Multiple statistical analysis and GIS techniques were used to investigate the temporal trend and identify the spatial distribution of sputum smear-positive, tuberculosis and sputum smear-negative cases in the study area. The results showed that the incidence of sputum smear-positive and tuberculosis has dropped to a stable level, while sputum smear-negative exhibited a rising trend. Additionally, sputum smear-positive, tuberculosis and sputum smear-negative are still highly prevalent in northwestern and southwestern regions of China. Interestingly, the young adult group (20-50 age) and elder group (>50 age) are more susceptible to being infected with tuberculosis, while lower infection levels were recorded in the juvenile group (<20 age). The present study investigated the temporal-spatial distribution of sputum smear-positive, tuberculosis and sputum smear-negative cases in mainland China before the COVID-19 pandemic breakout, which would help the government agency establish an effective mechanism of tuberculosis prevention in high-risk periods and high-risk areas in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Temitayo Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
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Aragão FBA, Calori MY, Berra TZ, Ramos ACV, Maciel ELN, Cunha JHDS, de Souza LB, Santos M, Arcêncio RA, Fiorati RC. Social protection in areas vulnerable to tuberculosis: a mixed methods study in São Luís, Maranhão. Rev Bras Enferm 2024; 77:e20230428. [PMID: 38896660 PMCID: PMC11185072 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze the risk areas for tuberculosis and the influences of social protection on the development of treatment for the disease in the municipality of São Luís, Maranhão. METHODS this is explanatory sequential mixed method research. In the quantitative phase, the data were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System from 2010 to 2019, with georeferencing being carried out to identify areas vulnerable to tuberculosis. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were carried out with individuals who received social benefits. RESULTS 7,381 cases were geocoded, and, from the purely spatial scanning analysis, it was possible to identify 13 spatial clusters of risk. As for the interviews, there was a positive relationship between patient improvement and receiving benefits. CONCLUSIONS geographic space and social determinants are relevant for reorienting monitoring actions for the conditions that generate the health-disease process.
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Yu H, Yang J, Yan Y, Zhang H, Chen Q, Sun L. Factors affecting the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis based on the GTWR model in China, 2004-2021. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e65. [PMID: 38418421 PMCID: PMC11062777 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Contra-posing panel data on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at the provincial level in China through the years of 2004-2021 and introducing a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model were used to explore the effect of various factors on the incidence of PTB from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the main information from twenty-two indexes under six macro-factors. The main influencing factors were determined by the Spearman correlation and multi-collinearity tests. After fitting different models, the GTWR model was used to analyse and obtain the distribution changes of regression coefficients. Six macro-factors and incidence of PTB were both correlated, and there was no collinearity between the variables. The fitting effect of the GTWR model was better than ordinary least-squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The incidence of PTB in China was mainly affected by six macro-factors, namely medicine and health, transportation, environment, economy, disease, and educational quality. The influence degree showed an unbalanced trend in the spatial and temporal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairu Yu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yexin Yan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyuan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, the People’s Republic of China
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Bekele D, Aragie S, Alene KA, Dejene T, Warkaye S, Mezemir M, Abdena D, Kebebew T, Botore A, Mekonen G, Gutema G, Dufera B, Gemede K, Kenate B, Gobena D, Alemu B, Hailemariam D, Muleta D, Siu GKH, Tafess K. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Tuberculosis in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia: A Hotspot Analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:437. [PMID: 37755898 PMCID: PMC10536582 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of TB and identify TB risk factors in Ethiopia's Oromia region. Descriptive and spatiotemporal analyses were conducted. Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling was used to identify covariates that accounted for variability in TB and its spatiotemporal distribution. A total of 206,278 new pulmonary TB cases were reported in the Oromia region between 2018 and 2022, with the lowest annual TB case notification (96.93 per 100,000 population) reported in 2020 (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic) and the highest TB case notification (106.19 per 100,000 population) reported in 2019. Substantial spatiotemporal variations in the distribution of notified TB case notifications were observed at zonal and district levels with most of the hotspot areas detected in the northern and southern parts of the region. The spatiotemporal distribution of notified TB incidence was positively associated with different ecological variables including temperature (β = 0.142; 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.070, 0.215), wind speed (β = -0.140; 95% CrI: -0.212, -0.068), health service coverage (β = 0.426; 95% CrI: 0.347, 0.505), and population density (β = 0.491; 95% CrI: 0.390, 0.594). The findings of this study indicated that preventive measures considering socio-demographic and health system factors can be targeted to high-risk areas for effective control of TB in the Oromia region. Further studies are needed to develop effective strategies for reducing the burden of TB in hotspot areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Bekele
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (D.A.); (G.M.); (K.G.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (G.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Solomon Aragie
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (G.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Kefyalew Addis Alene
- Geospatial and Tuberculosis Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Tariku Dejene
- Center for Population Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
| | - Samson Warkaye
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, National Data Management Center for Health, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1242, Ethiopia;
| | - Melat Mezemir
- Health Promotion and Diseases Prevention Directorate, Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 30738, Ethiopia;
| | - Dereje Abdena
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (D.A.); (G.M.); (K.G.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Tesfaye Kebebew
- Public Health Emergency Management, Research, and Blood Bank Service Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (A.B.); (B.K.); (D.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Abera Botore
- Public Health Emergency Management, Research, and Blood Bank Service Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (A.B.); (B.K.); (D.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Geremew Mekonen
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (D.A.); (G.M.); (K.G.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Gadissa Gutema
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (G.G.); (B.D.)
- National HIV/AIDS and TB Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1242, Ethiopia
| | - Boja Dufera
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (G.G.); (B.D.)
- Bacterial, Parasitic, and Zoonotic Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1242, Ethiopia
| | - Kolato Gemede
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (D.A.); (G.M.); (K.G.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Birhanu Kenate
- Public Health Emergency Management, Research, and Blood Bank Service Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (A.B.); (B.K.); (D.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Dabesa Gobena
- Public Health Emergency Management, Research, and Blood Bank Service Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (A.B.); (B.K.); (D.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Bizuneh Alemu
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (D.A.); (G.M.); (K.G.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Dagnachew Hailemariam
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (D.A.); (G.M.); (K.G.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Daba Muleta
- Public Health Emergency Management, Research, and Blood Bank Service Directorate, Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 24341, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (A.B.); (B.K.); (D.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Gilman Kit Hang Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;
| | - Ketema Tafess
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia
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Teibo TKA, Andrade RLDP, Rosa RJ, Tavares RBV, Berra TZ, Arcêncio RA. Geo-spatial high-risk clusters of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1586. [PMID: 37598144 PMCID: PMC10439548 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this systematic review is to identify tuberculosis (TB) high-risk among the general population globally. The review was conducted using the following steps: elaboration of the research question, search for relevant publications, selection of studies found, data extraction, analysis, and evidence synthesis. METHODS The studies included were those published in English, from original research, presented findings relevant to tuberculosis high-risk across the globe, published between 2017 and 2023, and were based on geospatial analysis of TB. Two reviewers independently selected the articles and were blinded to each other`s comments. The resultant disagreement was resolved by a third blinded reviewer. For bibliographic search, controlled and free vocabularies that address the question to be investigated were used. The searches were carried out on PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. and Google Scholar. RESULTS A total of 79 published articles with a 40-year study period between 1982 and 2022 were evaluated. Based on the 79 studies, more than 40% of all countries that have carried out geospatial analysis of TB were from Asia, followed by South America with 23%, Africa had about 15%, and others with 2% and 1%. Various maps were used in the various studies and the most used is the thematic map (32%), rate map (26%), map of temporal tendency (20%), and others like the kernel density map (6%). The characteristics of the high-risk and the factors that affect the hotspot's location are evident through studies related to poor socioeconomic conditions constituting (39%), followed by high population density (17%), climate-related clustering (15%), high-risk spread to neighbouring cities (13%), unstable and non-random cluster (11%). CONCLUSION There exist specific high-risk for TB which are areas that are related to low socioeconomic conditions and spectacular weather conditions, these areas when well-known will be easy targets for intervention by policymakers. We recommend that more studies making use of spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis be carried out to point out territories and populations that are vulnerable to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rander Junior Rosa
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Bazon Vaz Tavares
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Zamboni Berra
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Investigating Spatial Patterns of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Main Related Factors in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia Using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090212. [PMID: 36136622 PMCID: PMC9502094 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease, representing one of the major causes of death worldwide. Sustainable Development Goal 3.3 implies a serious decrease in the incidence of TB cases. Hence, this study applied a spatial analysis approach to investigate patterns of pulmonary TB cases and its drivers in Bandar Lampung (Indonesia). Our study examined seven variables: the growth rate of pulmonary TB, population, distance to the city center, industrial area, green open space, built area, and slum area using geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR). The GWPR model demonstrated excellent results with an R2 and adjusted R2 of 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. In this case, the growth rate of pulmonary TB and population were statistically significant variables. Spatial pattern analysis of sub-districts revealed that those of Panjang and Kedaton were driven by high pulmonary TB growth rate and population, whereas that of Sukabumi was driven by the accumulation of high levels of industrial area, built area, and slums. For these reasons, we suggest that local policymakers implement a variety of infectious disease prevention and control strategies based on the spatial variation of pulmonary TB rate and its influencing factors in each sub-district.
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Mengesha D, Manyazewal T, Woldeamanuel Y. Five-year trend analysis of tuberculosis in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015-2019. Int J Mycobacteriol 2021; 10:437-441. [PMID: 34916465 PMCID: PMC9400135 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_181_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia despite the increased availability of effective treatments. Trend analysis of issues and priorities affecting TB programs across different regions of the country is critical to ensure equitable and sustainable TB outcomes. We aimed to analyze the trends of TB in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, over 5 years from 2015 to 2019. Methods An institution-based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar, the capital city of the Amhara Region in Ethiopia. Five-year data and records of individual TB cases were reviewed from all public and private health-care facilities and health bureaus in Bahir Dar. Using a standard checklist adapted from the World Health Organization, data were abstracted relevant to sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, year and type of TB infection, and HIV status. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis. Results Data of 4275 patients with TB were identified, of which 929 (21.7%) were smear-positive pulmonary TB, 1195 (28%) were smear-negative pulmonary TB, and 2151 (50.3%) were extrapulmonary TB patients. TB was more prevalent in the age group 15-34 years (51.2%), and females (55.5%). In the years from 2015 to 2019, the prevalence of all forms of TB was 922 (21.6%), 812 (19.0%), 843 (19.7%), 876 (20.5%), and 822 (19.2%), respectively, demonstrating a decreasing trend though inconsistent. The variables sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.734, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.390-2.187]), HIV co-infection (AOR: 1.875, 95% CI [1.553-2.265]), and age <15 years (AOR: 1.372, 95% CI [1.121-1.680]) showed a significant association with TB infection. Conclusions The prevalence of TB in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, demonstrated a decreasing trend over the years from 2015 to 2019 but with inconsistencies. HIV co-infection significantly increased the risk of developing TB, and productive age groups and females were at the greater prevalence of TB, highlighting the importance of strengthening sustainable TB care and prevention interventions toward these groups of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmawi Mengesha
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa; Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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