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Maman S, Muthusamy V, Katral A, Chhabra R, Gain N, Reddappa SB, Dutta S, Solanke AU, Zunjare RU, Neeraja CN, Yadava DK, Hossain F. Low expression of lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) enhances the retention of kernel tocopherols in maize during storage. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9283-9294. [PMID: 37812350 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of vitamin E results in several neurological and age-related disorders in humans. Utilization of maize mutants with favourable vte4-allele led to the development of several α-tocopherol (vitamin E) rich (16-19 µg/g) maize hybrids worldwide. However, the degradation of tocopherols during post-harvest storage substantially affects the efficacy of these genotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the role of lipoxygenase enzyme and Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) gene on the degradation of tocopherols at monthly intervals under traditional storage up to six months in two vte4-based contrasting-tocopherol retention maize inbreds viz. HKI323-PVE and HKI193-1-PVE. The analysis revealed significant degradation of tocopherols across storage intervals in both the inbreds. Lower retention of α-tocopherol was noticed in HKI193-1-PVE. HKI323-PVE with the higher retention of α-tocopherol showed lower lipoxygenase activity throughout the storage intervals. LOX3 gene expression was higher (~ 1.5-fold) in HKI193-1-PVE compared to HKI323-PVE across the storage intervals. Both lipoxygenase activity and LOX3 expression peaked at 120 days after storage (DAS) in both genotypes. Further, a similar trend was observed for LOX3 expression and lipoxygenase activity. The α-tocopherol exhibited a significantly negative correlation with lipoxygenase enzyme and expression of LOX3 across the storage intervals. CONCLUSIONS HKI323-PVE with high tocopherol retention, low -lipoxygenase activity, and -LOX3 gene expression can act as a potential donor in the vitamin E biofortification program. Protein-protein association network analysis also indicated the independent effect of vte4 and LOX genes. This is the first comprehensive report analyzing the expression of the LOX3 gene and deciphering its vital role in the retention of α-tocopherol in biofortified maize varieties under traditional storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalma Maman
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashvinkumar Katral
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Chhabra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisrita Gain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Suman Dutta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Hossain F, Jaiswal SK, Muthusamy V, Zunjare RU, Mishra SJ, Chand G, Bhatt V, Bhat JS, Das AK, Chauhan HS, Gupta HS. Enhancement of nutritional quality in maize kernel through marker-assisted breeding for vte4, crtRB1, and opaque2 genes. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:431-443. [PMID: 37450243 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional maize is poor in vitamin-E [α-tocopherol (α-T): 6-8 ppm], vitamin-A [provitamin-A (proA): 1-2ppm], lysine (0.150-0.2-50%), and tryptophan (0.030-0.040%). Here, we combined favourable alleles of vte4, crtRB1, and opaque2 (o2) genes in the parents of maize hybrids, viz., APQH-10 (PMI-PV-9 × PMI-PV-14) and APQH-11 (PMI-PV-9 × PMI-PV-15) using molecular breeding. Gene-specific markers were successfully used to select vte4, crtRB1, and o2 in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC2F2 generations. Simple sequence repeats (104-109) were used for background selection, leading to an average recovery of 94% recurrent parent genome. The introgressed inbreds possessed significantly higher α-T: 18.38 ppm, α-/γ-tocopherol (α-/γ-T: 52%), and α-/total tocopherol (α-/TT: 32%) compared to original inbreds (α-T: 8.17 ppm, α-/γ-T: 25%, α-/TT: 18%). These newly derived inbreds also possessed higher β-carotene (BC: 8.91 ppm), β-cryptoxanthin (BCX: 1.27 ppm), proA (9.54 ppm), lysine (0.348%), and tryptophan (0.082%) compared to traditional maize inbreds. The reconstituted hybrids recorded higher α-T (2.1-fold), α-/γ-T (1.9-fold), and α-/TT (1.6-fold) over the original hybrids. These reconstituted hybrids were also rich in BC (5.7-fold), BCX (3.3-fold), proA (5.3-fold), lysine (1.9-fold), and tryptophan (2.0-fold) over the traditional hybrids. The reconstituted hybrids had similar grain yield and phenotypic characteristics to original versions. These multinutrient-rich maize hybrids hold great potential to alleviate malnutrition in sustainable and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Sunil K Jaiswal
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajkumar U Zunjare
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Subhra J Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gulab Chand
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vinay Bhatt
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jayant S Bhat
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhijit K Das
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hema S Chauhan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hari S Gupta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Satarova TM, Denysiuk KV, Cherchel VY, Dziubetskyi BV. Distribution of Alleles of β-Carotene Hydroxylase 1 Gene in Modern Genotypes of Zea mays L. CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Dwivedi SL, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Govindaraj M, Ortiz R. Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119148. [PMID: 36794214 PMCID: PMC9923027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and the nation's economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on the agricultural productivity and nutritional quality of food crops. Producing more food with better nutritional quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized in crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers to developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates on nutrient acquisition, transport, and storage in plant organs; the cross-talk between macro- and micronutrients transport and signaling; nutrient profiling and spatial and temporal distribution; the putative and functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Fe, Zn, and β-carotene; and global efforts to breed nutrient-dense crops and map adoption of such crops globally. This article also includes an overview on the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of nutrients as well as the molecular basis of nutrient transport and absorption in human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) and provitamin A-rich cultivars have been released in the Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice and wheat, while ~3 million households in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil eat provitamin A-rich cassava. Furthermore, nutrient profiles can be improved through genetic engineering in an agronomically acceptable genetic background. The development of "Golden Rice" and provitamin A-rich dessert bananas and subsequent transfer of this trait into locally adapted cultivars are evident, with no significant change in nutritional profile, except for the trait incorporated. A greater understanding of nutrient transport and absorption may lead to the development of diet therapy for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira
- International Maize and Wheat Research Center, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz. y Trigo (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus Program, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Chand G, Zunjare RU, Allen T, Muthusamy V, Mishra SJ, Kasana RK, Bhatt V, Ismail MR, Sarika K, Guleria SK, Hossain F. Genetic analysis of maize genotypes possessing novel combination of opaque2 and opaque16 genes affecting higher accumulation of lysine and tryptophan in kernels. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Calugar RE, Muntean E, Varga A, Vana CD, Has VV, Tritean N, Ceclan LA. Improving the Carotenoid Content in Maize by Using Isonuclear Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1632. [PMID: 35807583 PMCID: PMC9269311 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important biologically active compounds in the human diet due to their role in maintaining a proper health status. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main crops worldwide, in terms of production quantity, yield and harvested area, as it is also an important source of carotenoids in human nutrition worldwide. Increasing the carotenoid content of maize grains is one of the major targets of the research into maize breeding; in this context, the aim of this study was to establish the influence of some fertile cytoplasm on the carotenoid content in inbred lines and hybrids. Twenty-five isonuclear lines and 100 hybrids were studied for the genetic determinism involved in the transmission of four target carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The analysis of carotenoids was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography using a Flexar system with UV-VIS detection. The obtained data revealed that the cytoplasms did not have a significant influence on the carotenoid content of the inbred lines; larger differences were attributed to the cytoplasm × nucleus interaction. For hybrids, the cytoplasmic nuclear interactions have a significant influence on the content of lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. For the cytoplasm × nucleus × tester interactions, significant differences were identified for all traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elena Calugar
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Edward Muntean
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Varga
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Carmen Daniela Vana
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Voichita Virginia Has
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Nicolae Tritean
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Loredana Anca Ceclan
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
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Composition of lysine and tryptophan among biofortified-maize possessing novel combination of opaque2 and opaque16 genes. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kumar B, Rakshit S, Kumar S, Singh BK, Lahkar C, Jha AK, Kumar K, Kumar P, Choudhary M, Singh SB, Amalraj JJ, Prakash B, Khulbe R, Kamboj MC, Chirravuri NN, Hossain F. Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium Analyses in Tropical Maize Using Genotyping by Sequencing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:799. [PMID: 35336681 PMCID: PMC8955159 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several maize breeding programs in India have developed numerous inbred lines but the lines have not been characterized using high-density molecular markers. Here, we studied the molecular diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in a panel of 314 tropical normal corn, two sweet corn, and six popcorn inbred lines developed by 17 research centers in India, and 62 normal corn from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The 384 inbred lines were genotyped with 60,227 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most of the pair-wise relative kinship coefficients (58.5%) were equal or close to 0, which suggests the lack of redundancy in the genomic composition in the majority of inbred lines. Genetic distance among most pairs of lines (98.3%) varied from 0.20 to 0.34 as compared with just 1.7% of the pairs of lines that differed by <0.20, which suggests greater genetic variation even among sister lines. The overall average of 17% heterogeneity was observed in the panel indicated the need for further inbreeding in the high heterogeneous genotypes. The mean nucleotide diversity and frequency of polymorphic sites observed in the panel were 0.28 and 0.02, respectively. The model-based population structure, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic analysis revealed three to six groups with no clear patterns of clustering by centers-wise breeding lines, types of corn, kernel characteristics, maturity, plant height, and ear placement. However, genotypes were grouped partially based on their source germplasm from where they derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sonu Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Chayanika Lahkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Abhishek Kumar Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Krishan Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Shyam Bir Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141004, India; (B.K.); (S.K.); (B.K.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.J.); (K.K.); (P.K.); (M.C.); (S.B.S.)
| | - John J. Amalraj
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India;
| | - Bhukya Prakash
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad 500030, India;
| | - Rajesh Khulbe
- Department of Crop Imrovement, ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora 263601, India;
| | - Mehar Chand Kamboj
- Department of Plant Breeding, CCS-Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Uchani 132001, India;
| | - Neeraja N. Chirravuri
- Department of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India;
| | - Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
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Talukder ZA, Muthusamy V, Chhabra R, Bhatt V, Reddappa SB, Mishra SJ, Prakash NR, Kasana RK, Chauhan HS, Mehta BK, Guleria SK, Zunjare RU, Hossain F. Enrichment of amylopectin in sub-tropically adapted maize hybrids through genomics-assisted introgression of waxy1 gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Combining higher accumulation of amylopectin, lysine and tryptophan in maize hybrids through genomics-assisted stacking of waxy1 and opaque2 genes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:706. [PMID: 35027624 PMCID: PMC8758761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Waxy maize rich in amylopectin has emerged as a preferred food. However, waxy maize is poor in lysine and tryptophan, deficiency of which cause severe health problems. So far, no waxy hybrid with high lysine and tryptophan has been developed and commercialized. Here, we combined recessive waxy1 (wx1) and opaque2 (o2) genes in the parental lines of four popular hybrids (HQPM1, HQPM4, HQPM5, and HQPM7) using genomics-assisted breeding. The gene-based markers, wx-2507F/RG and phi057 specific for wx1 and o2, respectively were successfully used to genotype BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2 populations. Background selection with > 100 SSRs resulted in recovering > 94% of the recurrent parent genome. The reconstituted hybrids showed 1.4-fold increase in amylopectin (mean: 98.84%) compared to the original hybrids (mean: 72.45%). The reconstituted hybrids also showed 14.3% and 14.6% increase in lysine (mean: 0.384%) and tryptophan (mean: 0.102%), respectively over the original hybrids (lysine: 0.336%, tryptophan: 0.089%). Reconstituted hybrids also possessed similar grain yield (mean: 6248 kg/ha) with their original versions (mean: 6111 kg/ha). The waxy hybrids with high lysine and tryptophan assume great significance in alleviating malnutrition through sustainable and cost-effective means. This is the first report of development of lysine and tryptophan rich waxy hybrids using genomics-assisted selection.
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