1
|
Valarezo A, Dávila L, Bejarano ML, Nolivos I, Molina E, Schlesinger SB, Gould CF, Jack DW. Resilient clean cooking: Maintaining household clean cooking in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INITIATIVE 2023; 74:349-360. [PMID: 37143764 PMCID: PMC10070780 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Decades of government subsidies for LPG and electricity have facilitated near-universal clean cooking access and use in Ecuador, placing the nation ahead of most other peer low- and middle-income countries. The widespread socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the resilience of clean cooking systems globally, including by altering households' ability to purchase clean fuels and policymakers' considerations about continuing subsidy programs. As such, assessing the resilience of clean cooking in Ecuador during the pandemic can offer important lessons for the international community, especially other countries looking to ensure resilient transitions to clean cooking. We study household energy use patterns using interviews, newspaper reports, government data on household electricity and LPG consumption, and household surveys [N = 200 across two rounds]. The LPG and electricity distribution systems experienced occasional disruptions to cylinder refill delivery and meter reading processes, respectively, which were associated with pandemic-related mobility restrictions. However, for the most part, supply and distribution activities by private and public companies continued without fundamental change. Survey participants reported increases in unemployment and reductions in household income as well as increased use of polluting biomass as a secondary fuel. Ecuador's LPG and electricity distribution systems were resilient throughout the pandemic, with only minimal interruption of the widespread provision of low-cost clean cooking fuels. Our findings inform the global audience concerned about the resilience of clean household energy use on the potential for clean fuel subsidies to facilitate continued clean cooking even during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Valarezo
- Institute for Energy and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lissete Dávila
- Institute for Energy and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Lorena Bejarano
- Institute for Energy and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Iván Nolivos
- Institute for Energy and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emilio Molina
- Institute for Energy and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Carlos F Gould
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Darby W Jack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fadly D, Fontes F, Maertens M. Fuel for food: Access to clean cooking fuel and food security in India. Food Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-023-01350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
3
|
Chowdhury S, Pillarisetti A, Oberholzer A, Jetter J, Mitchell J, Cappuccilli E, Aamaas B, Aunan K, Pozzer A, Alexander D. A global review of the state of the evidence of household air pollution's contribution to ambient fine particulate matter and their related health impacts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107835. [PMID: 36857905 PMCID: PMC10378453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct exposure to household fine particulate air pollution (HAP) associated with inefficient combustion of fuels (wood, charcoal, coal, crop residues, kerosene, etc.) for cooking, space-heating, and lighting is estimated to result in 2.3 (1.6-3.1) million premature yearly deaths globally. HAP emitted indoors escapes outdoors and is a leading source of outdoor ambient fine particulate air pollution (AAP) in low- and middle-income countries, often being a larger contributor than well-recognized sources including road transport, industry, coal-fired power plants, brick kilns, and construction dust. We review published scientific studies that model the contribution of HAP to AAP at global and major sub-regional scales. We describe strengths and limitations of the current state of knowledge on HAP's contribution to AAP and the related impact on public health and provide recommendations to improve these estimates. We find that HAP is a dominant source of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) globally - regardless of variations in model types, configurations, and emission inventories used - that contributes approximately 20 % of total global PM2.5 exposure. There are large regional variations: in South Asia, HAP contributes ∼ 30 % of ambient PM2.5, while in high-income North America the fraction is ∼ 7 %. The median estimate indicates that the household contribution to ambient air pollution results in a substantial premature mortality burden globally of about 0.77(0.54-1) million excess deaths, in addition to the 2.3 (1.6-3.1) million deaths from direct HAP exposure. Coordinated global action is required to avert this burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Jetter
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - John Mitchell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Eva Cappuccilli
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Borgar Aamaas
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Aunan
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
McGushin A, de Barros EF, Floss M, Mohammad Y, Ndikum AE, Ngendahayo C, Oduor PA, Sultana S, Wong R, Abelsohn A. The World Organization of Family Doctors Air Health Train the Trainer Program: lessons learned and implications for planetary health education. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e55-e63. [PMID: 36608949 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) Air Health Train the Trainer Program was a pilot educational programme that focused on a key aspect of planetary health: the intersection of air pollution, human health, and climate change. In this Viewpoint, we-the coordinators of the training programme and some of the most active trainers-briefly describe the programme and discuss implementation successes, challenges, and lessons learned, which relate to the creation and use of training materials appropriate for health professionals in low-income and middle-income countries, strategies to improve the retention of trainers to deliver activities in their communities, and the development of stronger networks and further tools to support trainers. These findings could be applied to future education and training programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice McGushin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Enrique Falceto de Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Programa de Pós Graduação de Educação em Ciências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mayara Floss
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yousser Mohammad
- GARD-WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training for Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Comorbidities, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Achiri E Ndikum
- Department of Animal Biology, The University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Peter A Oduor
- School of Public Health, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, BSM Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rachel Wong
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Abelsohn
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kana MA, Shi M, Ahmed J, Ibrahim JM, Ashir AY, Abdullahi K, Bello-Manga H, Taingson M, Mohammed-Durosinlorun A, Shuaibu M, Tabari AM, London SJ. Biomass fuel use and birth weight among term births in Nigeria. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000419. [PMID: 36962417 PMCID: PMC10022098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high burden of household air pollution from biomass fuel in sub-Saharan Africa, the association of prenatal biomass fuel exposure and birth weight as a continuous variable among term births has not been extensively studied. In this study, our primary aim is to estimate the association between biomass cooking fuel and birth weight among term births in Kaduna, northwestern Nigeria. For replication, we also evaluated this association in a larger and nationally representative sample from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Our primary analysis included 1,514 mother-child pairs recruited from Kaduna, in northwestern Nigeria, using the Child Electronic Growth Monitoring System (CEGROMS). Replication analysis was conducted using data from 6,975 mother-child pairs enrolled in 2018 Nigerian DHS. The outcome variable was birth weight, and the exposure was cooking fuel type, categorized in CEGROMS as liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene, or biomass fuel, and in the DHS as low pollution fuel, kerosene, or biomass fuel. We estimated covariate adjusted associations between birth weight and biomass fuel exposure in CEGROMS using linear regression and using linear mixed model in the DHS. In CEGROMS, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, BMI at birth, and child sex, mothers exposed to biomass fuel gave birth to infants who were on average 113g lighter (95% CI -196 to -29), than those using liquified petroleum gas. In the 2018 Nigeria DHS data, compared to low pollution fuel users, mothers using biomass had infants weighing 50g (95% CI -103 to 2) lower at birth. Exposure to biomass cooking fuel was associated with lower birth weight in our study of term newborns in Kaduna, Nigeria. Data from the nationally representative DHS provide some support for these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Abubakar Kana
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
- College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Min Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Ahmed
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Jimoh Muhammad Ibrahim
- College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Halima Bello-Manga
- College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Taingson
- College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Amina Mohammed-Durosinlorun
- College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Musa Shuaibu
- College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Abdulkadir Musa Tabari
- College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie J. London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang W, Li B, Xue R, Wang C, Cao W. A systematic bibliometric review of clean energy transition: Implications for low-carbon development. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261091. [PMID: 34860855 PMCID: PMC8641874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More voices are calling for a quicker transition towards clean energy. The exploration and exploitation of clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy are effective means to optimise energy structure and improve energy efficiency. To provide in-depth understanding of clean energy transition, this paper utilises a combination of multiple bibliometric mapping techniques, including HistCite, CiteSpace and R Bibliometrix, to conduct a systematic review on 2,191 clean energy related articles obtained from Web of Science (WoS). We identify five current main research streams in the clean energy field, including Energy Transition, Clean Energy and Carbon Emission Policy, Impact of Oil Price on Alternative Energy Stocks, Clean Energy and Economics, and Venture Capital Investments in Clean Energy. Clearly, the effectiveness of policy-driven and market-driven energy transition is an important ongoing debate. Emerging research topics are also discussed and classified into six areas: Clean Energy Conversion Technology and Biomass Energy Utilisation, Optimisation of Energy Generation Technology, Policy-Making in Clean Energy Transition, Impact of Clean Energy Use and Economic Development on Carbon Emissions, Household Use of Clean Energy, and Clean Energy Stock Markets. Accordingly, more and more research attention has been paid to how to improve energy efficiency through advanced clean energy technology, and how to make targeted policies for clean energy transition and energy market development. This article moves beyond the traditional literature review methods and delineates a systematic research agenda for clean energy research, providing research directions for achieving low-carbon development through the clean energy transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Statistics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Binshuai Li
- School of Statistics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Centre for Corporate Sustainability and Environmental Finance, Department of Applied Finance, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- School of Humanities and Foreign Languages, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Statistics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|