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Le Besnerais A, Moore JW, Berberian B, Grynszpan O. Sense of agency in joint action: a critical review of we-agency. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1331084. [PMID: 38356772 PMCID: PMC10864478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1331084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The sense of agency refers to the experience of control over voluntary actions and their effects. There is growing interest in the notion of we-agency, whereby individual sense of agency is supplanted by a collective agentic experience. The existence of this unique agentic state would have profound implications for human responsibility, and, as such, warrants further scrutiny. In this paper, we review the concept of we-agency and examine whether evidence supports it. We argue that this concept entails multiplying hypothetical agentic states associated with joint action, thus ending up with an entangled phenomenology that appears somewhat speculative when weighted against the available evidence. In light of this, we suggest that the concept of we-agency should be abandoned in favor of a more parsimonious framework for the sense of agency in joint action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Le Besnerais
- Information Processing and Systems, Office National d’Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales, Salon de Provence, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - James W. Moore
- Psychology Department, Goldsmiths University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Berberian
- Information Processing and Systems, Office National d’Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales, Salon de Provence, France
| | - Ouriel Grynszpan
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Hayashida K, Nishi Y, Matsukawa T, Nagase Y, Morioka S. I am not the cause of this pain: An experimental study of the cognitive processes underlying causal attribution in the unpredictable situation whether negative outcomes. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103622. [PMID: 38101215 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pain causal attribution is the attribution of pain causes to self or others, which may depend on one's choice of actions. The study aimed to examine how the cognitive processes of pain causal attribution as one aspect of the sense of agency change in healthy individuals based on free or forced choice, using a temporal binding (TB) experimental task. METHODS Participants pressed keys (action) in a combined TB task, with one key having a high probability of delivering pain (with tone). In fact, only the bias between the free-choice and the forced choice conditions was manipulated. Participants estimated the time between their action and tone, with shorter intervals indicating internal attribution. RESULTS Interval estimation was significantly longer in the forced-choice condition than in the free-choice condition when a pain stimulus was delivered. CONCLUSIONS Explicit complaints of pain being caused by others may be represented in implicit cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hayashida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Wakayama Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Wakayama, Japan; Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nishi
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (Health Sciences), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taku Matsukawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Murata Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Nagase
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shinwakai Yachiyo Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan; Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara, Japan
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Adaptability of the Sense of Agency in Healthy Young Adults in Sensorimotor Tasks for a Short Term. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020132. [PMID: 36829361 PMCID: PMC9952266 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the subjective feeling of controlling one's own actions and sensory feedback. The SoA occurs when the predicted feedback matches the actual sensory feedback and is responsible for maintaining behavioral comfort. However, sensorimotor deficits because of illness cause incongruence between prediction and feedback, so the patient loses comfort during actions. Discomfort with actions associated with incongruence may continue robustly (i.e., "not" adaptable) throughout life because of the aftereffects of the disease. However, it is unclear how the SoA modulates when incongruency is experienced, even for a short term. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adaptability of the SoA in healthy participants in sensorimotor tasks for a short term. Participants were divided into congruent and incongruent exposure groups. The experimental task of manipulating the ratio of the self-control of a PC cursor was used to measure the SoA before and after exposure to congruent or incongruent stimuli. The results showed no significant differences between the groups before and after exposure for a short term. The finding that the SoA was not adaptable may assist in guiding the direction of future studies on how to correct incongruence.
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Social, affective, and non-motoric bodily cues to the Sense of Agency: A systematic review of the experience of control. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Pagliari M, Chambon V, Berberian B. What is new with Artificial Intelligence? Human–agent interactions through the lens of social agency. Front Psychol 2022; 13:954444. [PMID: 36248519 PMCID: PMC9559368 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we suggest that the study of social interactions and the development of a “sense of agency” in joint action can help determine the content of relevant explanations to be implemented in artificial systems to make them “explainable.” The introduction of automated systems, and more broadly of Artificial Intelligence (AI), into many domains has profoundly changed the nature of human activity, as well as the subjective experience that agents have of their own actions and their consequences – an experience that is commonly referred to as sense of agency. We propose to examine the empirical evidence supporting this impact of automation on individuals’ sense of agency, and hence on measures as diverse as operator performance, system explicability and acceptability. Because of some of its key characteristics, AI occupies a special status in the artificial systems landscape. We suggest that this status prompts us to reconsider human–AI interactions in the light of human–human relations. We approach the study of joint actions in human social interactions to deduce what key features are necessary for the development of a reliable sense of agency in a social context and suggest that such framework can help define what constitutes a good explanation. Finally, we propose possible directions to improve human–AI interactions and, in particular, to restore the sense of agency of human operators, improve their confidence in the decisions made by artificial agents, and increase the acceptability of such agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Pagliari
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Paris, France
- Information Processing and Systems, Office National d’Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales, Salon de Provence, France
- *Correspondence: Marine Pagliari,
| | - Valérian Chambon
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Paris, France
- Valérian Chambon,
| | - Bruno Berberian
- Information Processing and Systems, Office National d’Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales, Salon de Provence, France
- Bruno Berberian,
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Mnif M, Chikh S, Jarraya M. Effect of Social Context on Cognitive and Motor Behavior: A Systematic Review. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:631-647. [PMID: 35379082 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human cognitive and motor behavior is influenced by the social contexts. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the impact of the social contexts on human behaviors. A systematic search of the literature was performed via Pub-Med/Medline, Web of sciences, Google scholar, Science direct, Springer-Link and EMBASE and 68 articles were selected. After applying all the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were retained. The results show that the presence of other people and the social context influence motor behavior (i.e. movement duration, trajectory behavior, maximum speed) and cognitive behavior (reaction time). Studies have shown an improvement in performance in the presence of other people compared to the individual situation. However, other studies showed that the presence of other people led to deterioration in performance compared to the individual situation. The improvement of behavior is attributed to the social phenomenon of facilitation while the deterioration was explained by the conduct theory or the distraction conflict theory. These social phenomena of facilitation or inhibition could be related to the perception-action theory, which interferes with interaction with other. This, in turn, seems to be associated with neural circuits of mirror neurons and motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mnif
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, EMSS-LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Chikh
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, EMSS-LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, EMSS-LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
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Zapparoli L, Paulesu E, Mariano M, Ravani A, Sacheli LM. The sense of agency in joint actions: a theory-driven meta-analysis. Cortex 2022; 148:99-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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