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Cox DTC, Gaston KJ. Cathemerality: a key temporal niche. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:329-347. [PMID: 37839797 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day and night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, and it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed and invariant. The term 'cathemeral', was coined in 1987, when Tattersall noted activity in a Madagascan primate during the hours of both daylight and darkness. Initially thought to be rare, cathemerality is now known to be a quite widespread form of time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, and mammals. Herein we provide a synthesis of present understanding of cathemeral behaviour, arguing that it should routinely be included alongside diurnal and nocturnal strategies in schemes that distinguish and categorise species across taxa according to temporal niche. This synthesis is particularly timely because (i) the study of animal activity patterns is being revolutionised by new and improved technologies; (ii) it is becoming apparent that cathemerality covers a diverse range of obligate to facultative forms, each with their own common sets of functional traits, geographic ranges and evolutionary history; (iii) daytime and nighttime activity likely plays an important but currently neglected role in temporal niche partitioning and ecosystem functioning; and (iv) cathemerality may have an important role in the ability of species to adapt to human-mediated pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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Dauchy RT, Hanifin JP, Brainard GC, Blask DE. Light: An Extrinsic Factor Influencing Animal-based Research. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2024; 63:116-147. [PMID: 38211974 PMCID: PMC11022951 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Light is an environmental factor that is extrinsic to animals themselves and that exerts a profound influence on the regulation of circadian, neurohormonal, metabolic, and neurobehavioral systems of all animals, including research animals. These widespread biologic effects of light are mediated by distinct photoreceptors-rods and cones that comprise the conventional visual system and melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) of the nonvisual system that interact with the rods and cones. The rods and cones of the visual system, along with the ipRGCs of the nonvisual system, are species distinct in terms of opsins and opsin concentrations and interact with one another to provide vision and regulate circadian rhythms of neurohormonal and neurobehavioral responses to light. Here, we review a brief history of lighting technologies, the nature of light and circadian rhythms, our present understanding of mammalian photoreception, and current industry practices and standards. We also consider the implications of light for vivarium measurement, production, and technological application and provide simple recommendations on artificial lighting for use by regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, engineers, researchers, and research animal care staff that ensure best practices for optimizing animal health and well-being and, ultimately, improving scientific outcomes.
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Key Words
- blad, blue-enriched led light at daytime
- clock, circadian locomotor output kaput
- cct, correlated color temperature
- cwf, cool white fluorescent
- ign, intergeniculate nucleus
- iprgc, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
- hiomt, hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase
- k, kelvin temperature
- lan, light at night
- led, light-emitting diode
- lgn, lateral geniculate nucleus
- plr, pupillary light reflex
- pot, primary optic tract
- rht, retinohypothalamic tract
- scn, suprachiasmatic nuclei
- spd, spectral power distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Chrono-Neuroendocrine Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;,
| | - John P Hanifin
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Chrono-Neuroendocrine Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Zigler A, Straw S, Tokuda I, Bronson E, Riede T. Critical calls: Circadian and seasonal periodicity in vocal activity in a breeding colony of Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286582. [PMID: 37590183 PMCID: PMC10434951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki) is a critically endangered species and currently is believed to survive and reproduce only in human care. Panamanian golden frog males are considerably vocal which may be an important component in their successful reproduction, though little is currently known about their calls. To better understand the behavior and vocal patterns of this species and to improve breeding efforts in the assurance colony, we employed individual sound recording of male advertisement calls and acoustic monitoring of a breeding colony to investigate variation in the vocal behavior of Panamanian golden frogs. The goal was to capture variability within and among frogs as well as patterns of periodicity over time. First, the advertisement calls from individual male Panamanian golden frogs were recorded, and acoustic parameters were analyzed for individual differences. Results suggest that male advertisement calls demonstrate individual- and population specificity. Second, data collected through a year-long acoustic monitoring of the breeding colony were investigated for circadian and circannual periodicity. Male vocal activity revealed a circadian periodicity entrained by the daily light schedule. Seasonal periodicity was also found with highest vocal activities between December and March. The finding of a seasonal periodicity is worth noting given that the population had been bred for 20 years under constant environmental conditions. Finally, results suggest that vocal activity was responsive to daily animal care activity. Vocal activity decreased substantially when personnel entered the room and engaged in animal husbandry activities. The findings illustrate the usefulness of acoustic monitoring to provide insight into animal behavior in a zoo setting in a key breeding colony of endangered animals, and calling pattern observations may be utilized to modify husbandry practices to improve Panamanian golden frog breeding success and general care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Zigler
- The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Straw
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Isao Tokuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ellen Bronson
- The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tobias Riede
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
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Dickerson AL, Hall ML, Jones TM. Effects of variation in natural and artificial light at night on acoustic communication: a review and prospectus. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Kennedy AG, Ahmad AH, Klinck H, Johnson LM, Clink DJ. Evidence for acoustic niche partitioning depends on the temporal scale in two sympatric Bornean hornbill species. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy G. Kennedy
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Abdul Hamid Ahmad
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Holger Klinck
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Lynn M. Johnson
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Dena J. Clink
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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Clink DJ, Kier I, Ahmad AH, Klinck H. A workflow for the automated detection and classification of female gibbon calls from long-term acoustic recordings. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) allows for the study of vocal animals on temporal and spatial scales difficult to achieve using only human observers. Recent improvements in recording technology, data storage, and battery capacity have led to increased use of PAM. One of the main obstacles in implementing wide-scale PAM programs is the lack of open-source programs that efficiently process terabytes of sound recordings and do not require large amounts of training data. Here we describe a workflow for detecting, classifying, and visualizing female Northern grey gibbon calls in Sabah, Malaysia. Our approach detects sound events using band-limited energy summation and does binary classification of these events (gibbon female or not) using machine learning algorithms (support vector machine and random forest). We then applied an unsupervised approach (affinity propagation clustering) to see if we could further differentiate between true and false positives or the number of gibbon females in our dataset. We used this workflow to address three questions: (1) does this automated approach provide reliable estimates of temporal patterns of gibbon calling activity; (2) can unsupervised approaches be applied as a post-processing step to improve the performance of the system; and (3) can unsupervised approaches be used to estimate how many female individuals (or clusters) there are in our study area? We found that performance plateaued with >160 clips of training data for each of our two classes. Using optimized settings, our automated approach achieved a satisfactory performance (F1 score ~ 80%). The unsupervised approach did not effectively differentiate between true and false positives or return clusters that appear to correspond to the number of females in our study area. Our results indicate that more work needs to be done before unsupervised approaches can be reliably used to estimate the number of individual animals occupying an area from PAM data. Future work applying these methods across sites and different gibbon species and comparisons to deep learning approaches will be crucial for future gibbon conservation initiatives across Southeast Asia.
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Tan MK, Robillard T, ter Hofstede H. The circadian calling activity of a lebinthine cricket with high-frequency calls is unaffected by cicada choruses in the day. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14641. [PMID: 36650831 PMCID: PMC9840852 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many factors can influence circadian rhythms in animals. For acoustically communicating species, both abiotic cues (such as light and temperature) and biotic cues (such as the activity of other animals), can influence the timing of signalling activity. Here we compare the 24-h singing activity of the cricket Lebinthus luae in the laboratory and field to assess whether the presence of other singing insects influences circadian rhythm. Methods Acoustic monitors were placed in four localities in Singapore and the number of L. luae calls were counted for 10 min of each hour. Individuals from the same localities were captured and recorded in the laboratory in silence but with similar abiotic conditions (temperature and light cycle) as they experience in the field, and the number of calls over 24 h was quantified. Results The 24-h pattern of L. luae singing was not significantly different between laboratory and field recordings. Singing activity peaked in the morning, with a secondary peak in the afternoon and a smaller peak at night. In the field, L. luae sang in the same locations and at the same time as diurnally singing cicadas, suggesting that the sympatric cicada chorus did not affect the circadian rhythm of communication in this species. Acoustic niche partitioning could potentially explain the ability of this cricket to call alongside cicadas: L. luae sings at higher frequencies than sympatric cicadas, unlike nocturnally singing cricket species that overlap with cicadas in frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kai Tan
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Tony Robillard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Hannah ter Hofstede
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, New Hampshire, United States of America,Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, United States of America
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Tan MK, Robillard T. Highly diversified circadian rhythms in the calling activity of eneopterine crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae) from Southeast Asia. BIOACOUSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2021.1973562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kai Tan
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Tony Robillard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
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