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Aras S, Kabir N, Wadood S, George J, Chowdhury S, Fouladkhah AC. Synergistic Effects of Nisin, Lysozyme, Lactic Acid, and Citricidal TM for Enhancing Pressure-Based Inactivation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Bacillus atrophaeus Endospores. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030653. [PMID: 33801094 PMCID: PMC8004097 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inactivation of bacterial endospores continues to be the main curtailment for further adoption of high-pressure processing in intrastate, interstate, and global food commerce. The current study investigated the effects of elevated hydrostatic pressure for the inactivation of endospore suspension of three indicator spore-forming bacteria of concern to the food industry. Additionally, the effects of four bacteriocin/bactericidal compounds were studied for augmenting the decontamination efficacy of the treatment. Elevated hydrostatic pressure at 650 MPa and at 50 °C was applied for 0 min (untreated control) and for 3, 7, and 11 min with and without 50K IU of nisin, 224 mg/L lysozyme, 1% lactic acid, and 1% CitricidalTM. The results were statistically analyzed using Tukey- and Dunnett’s-adjusted ANOVA. Under the condition of our experiments, we observed that a well-designed pressure treatment synergized with mild heat and bacteriocin/bactericidal compounds could reduce up to >4 logs CFU/mL (i.e., >99.99%) of bacterial endospores. Additions of nisin and lysozyme were able, to a great extent, to augment (p < 0.05) the decontamination efficacy of pressure-based treatments against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus atrophaeus, while exhibiting no added benefit (p ≥ 0.05) for reducing endospores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The addition of lactic acid, however, was efficacious for augmenting the pressure-based reduction of bacterial endospores of the three microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiye Aras
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.A.); (N.K.); (S.W.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Niamul Kabir
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.A.); (N.K.); (S.W.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sabrina Wadood
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.A.); (N.K.); (S.W.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Jyothi George
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.A.); (N.K.); (S.W.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Shahid Chowdhury
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.A.); (N.K.); (S.W.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.A.); (N.K.); (S.W.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
- Cooperative Extension Program, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-(970)-690-7392
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