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Dibattista M, Pifferi S, Hernandez-Clavijo A, Menini A. The physiological roles of anoctamin2/TMEM16B and anoctamin1/TMEM16A in chemical senses. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102889. [PMID: 38677213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Chemical senses allow animals to detect and discriminate a vast array of molecules. The olfactory system is responsible of the detection of small volatile molecules, while water dissolved molecules are detected by taste buds in the oral cavity. Moreover, many animals respond to signaling molecules such as pheromones and other semiochemicals through the vomeronasal organ. The peripheral organs dedicated to chemical detection convert chemical signals into perceivable information through the employment of diverse receptor types and the activation of multiple ion channels. Two ion channels, TMEM16B, also known as anoctamin2 (ANO2) and TMEM16A, or anoctamin1 (ANO1), encoding for Ca2+-activated Cl¯ channels, have been recently described playing critical roles in various cell types. This review aims to discuss the main properties of TMEM16A and TMEM16B-mediated currents and their physiological roles in chemical senses. In olfactory sensory neurons, TMEM16B contributes to amplify the odorant response, to modulate firing, response kinetics and adaptation. TMEM16A and TMEM16B shape the pattern of action potentials in vomeronasal sensory neurons increasing the interspike interval. In type I taste bud cells, TMEM16A is activated during paracrine signaling mediated by ATP. This review aims to shed light on the regulation of diverse signaling mechanisms and neuronal excitability mediated by Ca-activated Cl¯ channels, hinting at potential new roles for TMEM16A and TMEM16B in the chemical senses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari A. Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Pifferi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andres Hernandez-Clavijo
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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Almeida VT, Chehimi SN, Carvalho GFS, Gasparini Y, Nascimento AM, Vieira LL, Wolff BM, Montenegro MM, Kulikowski LD. Differences in DNA methylation status explain phenotypic variability in patients with 5p- syndrome. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:121. [PMID: 38679724 PMCID: PMC11057176 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cri Du Chat syndrome, or 5p- syndrome, is characterized by a terminal or interstitial deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5 that causes variable clinical manifestations, including high-pitched cry in newborns, delayed growth, and global development. Different cytogenomic rearrangements, family history, and environmental factors may hinder the genotype-phenotype association. Thus, the phenotypic variability of this syndrome may not be limited only to variations in gene structure, such as deletions and duplications. It is possible that other mechanisms related to the activation or inactivation of promoters and/or exons of actively transcribed genes, such as DNA methylation are involved. Therefore, we studied the genome-wide methylation status profile of peripheral blood samples from fifteen patients with Cri du Chat Syndrome and nine control samples through the array method to look for Differentially Methylated Regions. We found that Differentially Methylated Regions outside the 5p region are mainly associated with regulating gene transcription, splicing, and chromatin remodeling. Most biological pathways are related to transcription, histone and chromatin binding, spliceosome and ribosomal complex, and RNA processing. Our results suggest that changes in the 5p region can cause an imbalance in other chromosomal regions capable of affecting gene modulation and thus explain the phenotypic differences in patients with 5p-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tavares Almeida
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Samar N Chehimi
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Gleyson F S Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Yanca Gasparini
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Amom M Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Vieira
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Wolff
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Marília M Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Leslie D Kulikowski
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, PAMB, 2º Floor, Block 12, Room 07, Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 155, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
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Lee JY, Yoshida M, Satoh M, Watanabe C. Neurobehavioral effects of the exposure to mercury vapor and methylmercury during postnatal period on mice. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:111-124. [PMID: 38223668 PMCID: PMC10786797 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the neurobehavioral alterations and modifications of gene expression in the brains of female mice exposed to low-level mercury vapor and/or methylmercury during postnatal development. The mice were exposed to low-level mercury vapor at a mean concentration of 0.094 mg/m3 and supplied with tap water containing 5 ppm methylmercury from postnatal day 11 to 12 weeks of age. Behavioral analyses were performed at 17 weeks of age. Total locomotor activity in the open field test and the retention trial performance in the passive avoidance test were significantly reduced in the combined exposure group compared with those in the control group. The differences in locomotor activity and performance in the retention trial at 17 weeks were no longer detected at 45 weeks. These results suggest that the effect of aging on the behavioral abnormalities resulting from postnatal exposure to mercury complexes are not significant. In the microarray analysis of brains in the combined exposure group, the gene expression levels of Ano2 and Sgk1 were decreased. Real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed these changes caused by combined mercury exposure, showing significant downregulation of Ano2 and Sgk1 in the cerebrum. These genes play key roles in the brain as a calcium-activated chloride channel and as a kinase that responds to cellular stress, respectively. Our findings provide insight into the neurobehavioral changes caused by combined mercury exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650 Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Department of Nursing, Tokyo Junshin University, 2-600 Takiyama-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0011 Japan
| | - Masahiko Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650 Japan
| | - Chiho Watanabe
- Interfaculty Initiative in Planetary Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan
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Chen Q, Fang J, Shen H, Chen L, Shi M, Huang X, Miao Z, Gong Y. Roles, molecular mechanisms, and signaling pathways of TMEMs in neurological diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13273-13297. [PMID: 35035675 PMCID: PMC8748174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein family members (TMEMs) span the entire lipid bilayer and act as channels that allow the transport of specific substances through biofilms. The functions of most TMEMs are unexplored. Numerous studies have shown that TMEMs are involved in the pathophysiological processes of various nervous system diseases, but the specific mechanisms of TMEMs in the pathogenesis of diseases remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the expression, physiological functions, and molecular mechanisms of TMEMs in brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, abnormal motor activity, cobblestone lissencephaly, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, and other disorders of the nervous system. Additionally, we propose that TMEMs may be used as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junlin Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Banan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing 401320, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengying Shi
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianbao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Gong
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
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