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Almansoori A, Busch H, Bendardaf R, Hamoudi R. Thyroid cancer incidence in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study on association with age and gender. F1000Res 2022; 11:338. [PMID: 35529276 PMCID: PMC9065926 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.76121.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide, but the third most common malignancy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
. To our knowledge, this is the first UAE nationwide study aimed at presenting incidence rates of thyroid cancer at the national level of UAE based upon data from the national cancer registry and GLOBOCAN. Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, a total of 2036 thyroid cancer cases from UAE patients were registered, of which 75.3% were female and 24.7% male patients. Results: The results showed 6.6% increase in thyroid cancer cases in the UAE from 2011 to 2017 (p < 0.001) with a rise of approximately 400 cases per year from 2011 to 2040. Age standardized rate calculations showed increase in prevalence from 1.18 in 2011 to 4.32 in 2017 but decreases in incidence from 1.05 in 2011 to 0.15 in 2017. This trend is confirmed by the predictive model showing increase in incidence from 0.15 in 2017 to 0.64 by 2040. Gender was shown to be significantly associated with thyroid cancer. The female to male ratio was significantly higher in Emirati patients (4.86:1) (p < 0.001) than expat patients (2.47:1) (p < 0.01). Interestingly, expat patients contributed to the majority of thyroid cancer cases despite having lower female to male ratio. The age at diagnosis was significantly associated with thyroid cancer (p = 0.03) with the highest frequency diagnosed at 35-39 years of age. Globally, data from the predictive model showed that Asia had the highest rate of increase per year and UAE the lowest. Conclusions: The slight increase in thyroid cancer prevalence and incidence, together with the different female to male ratio and diagnosis at younger age warrants further investigation at the molecular level from UAE thyroid cancer patients to elucidate the molecular basis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Almansoori
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lüebeck, Lüebeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Riyad Bendardaf
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Gong Y, Yao X, Yu L, Wei P, Han Z, Fang J, Ao W, Xu C. Ultrasound grayscale ratio: a reliable parameter for differentiating between papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and micronodular goiter. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35331216 PMCID: PMC8952271 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to quantify and differentiate the echo levels of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) and micronodular goiters (MNGs) using the ultrasound grayscale ratio (UGSR) and to investigate the repeatability of UGSR. METHODS The ultrasound (US) data of 241 patients with 265 PTMCs and 141 patients with 168 MNGs confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had received outpatient ultrasonic examination and preoperative ultrasonic positioning. The RADinfo radiograph reading system was used to measure the grayscales of PTMC, MNG, and thyroid tissues at the same gain level, and the UGSR values of the PTMC, MNG, and thyroid tissue were calculated. The patients were divided into outpatient examination, preoperative positioning, and mean value groups, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to obtain the optimal UGSR threshold to distinguish PTMC from MNG. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the consistency of UGSR measured in three groups. RESULTS The UGSR values of the PTMC and MNG were 0.56 ± 0.14 and 0.80 ± 0.19 (t = 5.84, P < 0.001) in the outpatient examination group, 0.55 ± 0.14 and 0.80 ± 0.19 (t = 18.74, P < 0.001) in the preoperative positioning group, and 0.56 ± 0.12 and 0.80 ± 0.18 (t = 16.49, P < 0.001) in the mean value group. The areas under the ROC curves in the three groups were 0.860, 0.856, and 0.875, respectively. When the UGSR values for the outpatient examination, preoperative positioning, and mean value groups were 0.649, 0.646, and 0.657, respectively, each group obtained its largest Youden index. A reliable UGSR value was obtained between the outpatient examination and preoperative positioning groups (ICC = 0.79, P = 0.68). CONCLUSION UGSR is a simple and repeatable method to distinguish PTMC from MNG, and hence, can be widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiying Wei
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijiang Han
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqun Ao
- Department of Radiology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Zhejiang, 310012, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chenke Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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Atypia and Follicular Lesions of Undetermined Significance in Subsequent Biopsy Result: What Clinicians Need to Know. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143082. [PMID: 34300248 PMCID: PMC8303631 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypia and follicular lesions of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is the most controversial category of The Bethesda System. The risk of malignancy (ROM) in this group is estimated as 5–15%, however, the occurrence of two or more subsequent biopsy results with AUS/FLUS diagnosis makes these clinical situations more complex. We evaluated the ROM and prognostic value of aggressive ultrasound (US) features in 342 patients with thyroid nodules (TNs) with subsequent biopsy results of AUS/FLUS. We assessed US features and compared them with the final histopathological diagnosis. Overall, 121 (35.4%) individuals after first AUS/FLUS diagnosis underwent surgery and 221 (64.6%) patients had repeated biopsies. The ROM after first, second, and third biopsies with subsequent AUS/FLUS diagnosis were 7.4%, 18.5%, and 38.4% respectively. We demonstrated significantly higher rates of occurrence of aggressive US features in patients with malignancy (p < 0.0001). The age <55 years old was also a significant risk factor for TC (p = 0.044). Significant associations were found between aggressive US features and malignancy in patients after first diagnosis of AUS/FLUS (p < 0.05). The juxtaposition of US features with the number of biopsy repetitions of TN with consecutive AUS/FLUS diagnoses may simplify the decision-making process in surgical management. Two or three consecutive biopsy results with AUS/FLUS diagnosis increases the ROM.
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