A comprehensive molecular characterization of the 8q22.2 region reveals the prognostic relevance of OSR2 mRNA in muscle invasive bladder cancer

Prognostic signature related to the immune environment of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) prognosis remains poor. Here we aimed to identify an effective prognostic signature for predicting the survival of patients with OSCC. Gene-expression and clinical data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Immune microenvironment-associated genes were identified using bioinformatics. Subtype and risk-score analyses were performed for these genes. Kaplan–Meier analysis and immune cell infiltration level were explored in different subtypes and risk-score groups. The prognostic ability, independent prognosis, and clinical features of the risk score were assessed. Furthermore, immunotherapy response based on the risk score was explored. Finally, a conjoint analysis of the subtype and risk-score groups was performed to determine the best prognostic combination. We found 11 potential prognostic genes and constructed a risk-score model. The subtype cluster 2 and a high-risk group showed the worst overall survival; differences in survival status might be due to the different immune cell infiltration levels. The risk score showed good performance, independent prognostic value, and valuable clinical application. Higher risk scores showed higher Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion scores, indicating that patients with a high-risk score were less likely to benefit from immunotherapy. Finally, conjoint analysis for the subgroups and risk groups showed the best predictive ability.

Chromoanagenesis Landscape in 10,000 TCGA Patients

During the past decade, whole-genome sequencing of tumor biopsies and individuals with congenital disorders highlighted the phenomenon of chromoanagenesis, a single chaotic event of chromosomal rearrangement. Chromoanagenesis was shown to be frequent in many types of cancers, to occur in early stages of cancer development, and significantly impact the tumor's nature. However, an in-depth, cancer-type dependent analysis has been somewhat incomplete due to the shortage in whole genome sequencing of cancerous samples. In this study, we extracted data from The Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genome (PCAWG) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to construct and test a machine learning algorithm that can detect chromoanagenesis with high accuracy (86%). The algorithm was applied to ~10,000 unlabeled TCGA cancer patients. We utilize the chromoanagenesis assignment results, to analyze cancer-type specific chromoanagenesis characteristics in 20 TCGA cancer types. Our results unveil prominent genes affected in either chromoanagenesis or non-chromoanagenesis tumorigenesis. The analysis reveals a mutual exclusivity relationship between the genes impaired in chromoanagenesis versus non-chromoanagenesis cases. We offer the discovered characteristics as possible targets for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Long Noncoding RNA KCNMB2-AS1 Promotes SMAD5 by Targeting miR-3194-3p to Induce Bladder Cancer Progression

Purpose

Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, with the fourth-highest incidence of male malignant tumors in Europe and the United States. So far, the mechanism of bladder cancer progression and metastasis has not been clarified. The aim of our study was to validate the way of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) KCNMB2-AS1 on the metabolism and growth of bladder cancer cells by miR-3194-3p/SMAD5.

Patients and Methods

The Gene Expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, with the highly expressed KCNMB2-AS1 screened out. Cell proliferation was detected by Edu staining and clone formation assay, cell migration, and invasion by wound healing and transwell assays. Cell stemness was determined by assessing sphere-forming ability and stemness marker. Correlation between miRNA and lncRNA/gene was verified by dual‐luciferase assay and RIP, and the effect of KCNMB2-AS1 on bladder cancer growth by nude mice tumor formation experiment.

Results

Here, we revealed the increased level of KCNMB2-AS1 in bladder cancer for the first time. Knockdown of KCNMB2-AS1 in vitro prevented the ability of proliferation, metastasis, and stemness of cancer cells. In vivo, the silencing of KCNMB2-AS1 also prevented tumor growth in vivo. Next, we revealed that KCNMB2-AS1 could interact with miR-3194-3p and uncovered that SAMD5 was a downstream target of miR-3194-3p.

Conclusion

In conclusion, KCNMB2-AS1 mediated the bladder cancer cells progress by regulating the miR-3194-3p/SAMD5 signal pathway, which would provide a new target for bladder cancer research.