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Pascucci F, Cesari P, Bertucco M, Latash ML. Postural adjustments to self-triggered perturbations under conditions of changes in body orientation. Exp Brain Res 2023:10.1007/s00221-023-06671-0. [PMID: 37479771 PMCID: PMC10386932 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs) associated with self-triggered postural perturbations in conditions with changes in the initial body orientation. In particular, we were testing hypotheses on adjustments in the reciprocal and coactivation commands, role of proximal vs. distal muscles, and correlations between changes in indices of APAs and CPAs. Healthy young participants stood on a board with full support or reduced support area and held a standard load in the extended arms. They released the load in a self-paced manned with a standard small-amplitude arm movement. Electromyograms of 12 muscles were recorded and used to compute reciprocal and coactivation indices between three muscle pairs on both sides of the body. The subject's body was oriented toward one of three targets: straight ahead, 60° to the left, and 60° to the right. Body orientation has stronger effects on proximal muscle pairs compared to distal muscles. It led to more consistent changes in the reciprocal command compared to the coactivation command. Indices of APAs and CPAs showed positive correlations across conditions. We conclude that the earlier suggested hierarchical relations between the reciprocal and coactivation command could be task-specific. Predominance of negative or positive correlations between APA and CPA indices could also be task-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pascucci
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Cesari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Mark L Latash
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Baccouch R, Ben Waer F, Laatar R, Borji R, Rebai H, Sahli S. Swimming, better than tennis, develops sensorimotor adaptabilities involved in postural balance in 5-6-year-old children. Somatosens Mot Res 2023; 40:1-7. [PMID: 36524580 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2022.2157386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the postural balance of young tennis players and young swimming practitioners in static and dynamic conditions. METHODS Thirty-six children (5-6 years old) participated in 3 groups: 12 tennis players, 12 swimming practitioners and 12 controls. Static and dynamic [in medial lateral (ML) and anterior posterior (AP) planes] postural balance were assessed by the centre of pressure sways using a stabilometric force platform in the eyes opened (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. RESULTS In the EO condition, swimming practitioners and tennis players had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) centre of pressure mean velocity (CoPVm) compared to controls in both static and dynamic medial-lateral (D-ML) postures. In the D-ML posture, swimming practitioners showed lower CoPVm compared to tennis players. However, in the EC condition, only the swimming practitioners showed better static and D-ML postural balance (p < 0.05) compared to their counterparts. In the static posture, the Romberg index value was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in tennis players compared to the two other groups. CONCLUSION Tennis players developed a higher reliance on vision to maintain balance, whereas swimming practitioners were more stable in challenging postural conditions. Clinicians should consider incorporating swimming training rather than tennis as an appropriate balance training in fall-prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Baccouch
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb Laatar
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Borji
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Kiyota T, Fujiwara K. Age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle for bilateral arm flexion during standing. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:20. [PMID: 35526023 PMCID: PMC9077954 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to obtain the standard values of age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle (anterior deltoid [AD]) for bilateral arm flexion during standing. Methods The study participants were 276 children (aged 3–14 years) and 32 adults (aged 20–26 years). In response to a visual stimulus, participants raised both arms from a fully extended position as quickly as possible, stopped their arms voluntarily at a horizontal level at the shoulder, and maintained that position for 2 s. Ten test trials were performed. By using surface electromyography, the duration from the burst onset of the postural muscles to that of AD was measured as the starting time of the postural muscles (rectus abdominis [RA], erector spinae [ES], rectus femoris [RF], biceps femoris [BF], tibialis anterior [TA], gastrocnemius medialis [GcM], and soleus [SOL]). The starting time was presented as a negative value when the burst onset of the postural muscles preceded that of AD, which was defined as the preceding activation. A positive value for the starting time was defined as delayed activation. Results In adults, the burst onsets of ES and BF significantly preceded that of AD. In ES, the starting time preceded the onset of AD in those aged ≥ 5–6 years; no difference with adults was found at age 13–14 years. On the other hand, in BF, significant delayed activation was found at ages 3–4 to 11–12 years. While the starting time decreased with age, no significant preceding activation similar to adults was found, even at age 13–14 years. In TA, no significant difference with the onset of AD was found at age 3–6 years, and significant delayed activation was found at age ≥ 7–8 years. Significant delayed activation in GcM, SOL, RA, and RF was observed in all age groups, and no age-related changes were observed in children. Conclusion These findings could provide standard values from childhood to adolescence for age-related changes in anticipatory postural muscle activity during voluntary movement while standing and contribute to applications in the fields of sports and rehabilitation.
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Duarte MB, da Costa Moraes AA, Ferreira EV, da Silva Almeida GC, Cabral ADS, de Athayde Costa e Silva A, Garcez DR, da Silva Souza G, Callegari B. Wearable Inertial Sensor Approach for Postural Adjustment Assessments during Predictable Perturbations in Sport. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8272. [PMID: 36365967 PMCID: PMC9655386 DOI: 10.3390/s22218272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence supports the importance of efficient postural control to improve performance in sports. This involves the use of strategies such as anticipatory posture adjustments and compensatory adjustments. Technology makes analysis and assessments in sports cheaper, while being valid and reliable compared to the gold-standard assessment equipment. OBJECTIVES This article aimed to test the validity and reliability of signals extracted from the sensor's accelerometer (Metamotion C), by comparing it to the data obtained from the gold-standard equipment (a three-dimensional video-motion-capture system). DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional study. METHODS We exposed 20 healthy young standing people to the pendulum impact paradigm, which consisted of predictable anteroposterior disturbances applied at the shoulder level. In order to measure this, we observed the acceleration of the center of mass in the anticipatory and compensatory phase of the disturbance and compared the signals of the two devices (Metamotion C and a motion-capture system). RESULTS The validation results showed the significant linear correlation of all variables with a moderate to large correlation of r ≥ 0.5 between the devices. In contrast, the reliability results between sessions obtained by filming were all significant and above 0.75, indicating excellent reliability. The APAonset variable had a reasonable to high intra-class correlation in the anticipatory phase. In the compensatory phase, the CPAtime variable showed an excellent correlation. CONCLUSIONS Metamotion C proved reasonably valid and highly reliable in measuring the center of mass acceleration compared to the camera system in both the anticipatory and compensatory phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Brito Duarte
- Laboratório de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Veloso Ferreira
- Laboratório de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil
| | | | - André dos Santos Cabral
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Tv. Perebebuí, 2623—Marco, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Anselmo de Athayde Costa e Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rosa Garcez
- University Hospital Bettina Ferro de Souza, Federal University of Pará, R. Augusto Corrêa, n1, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Givago da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Generalíssimo Deodoro 92, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
| | - Bianca Callegari
- Laboratório de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Generalíssimo Deodoro 92, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
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Serra L, Raimondi S, di Domenico C, Maffei S, Lardone A, Liparoti M, Sorrentino P, Caltagirone C, Petrosini L, Mandolesi L. The beneficial effects of physical exercise on visuospatial working memory in preadolescent children. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:496-509. [PMID: 34877401 PMCID: PMC8611191 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between physical exercise and improvement in specific cognitive domains in children and adolescents who play sport has been recently reported, although the effects on visuospatial abilities have not yet been well explored. This study is aimed at evaluating in school-age children practicing artistic gymnastics the visuospatial memory by using a table version of the Radial Arm Maze (table-RAM) and comparing their performances with those ones who do not play any sport. The visuospatial performances of 14 preadolescent girls practicing artistic gymnastics aged between 7 and 10 years and those of 14 preadolescent girls not playing any sport were evaluated in the table-RAM forced-choice paradigm that allows disentangling short-term memory from working memory abilities. Data showed that the gymnasts obtained better performances than control group mainly in the parameters evaluating working memory abilities, such as within-phase errors and spatial span. Our findings emphasizing the role of physical activity on cognitive performances impel to promote physical exercise in educational and recreational contexts as well as to analyse the impact of other sports besides gymnastics on cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Maffei
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Lardone
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France Department of Engineering, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Behavioural Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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