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Pennel K, Dutton L, Melissourgou-Syka L, Roxburgh C, Birch J, Edwards J. Novel radiation and targeted therapy combinations for improving rectal cancer outcomes. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e14. [PMID: 38623751 PMCID: PMC11140547 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is commonly used as standard treatment for rectal cancer. However, response rates are variable and survival outcomes remain poor, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Research is focused on identifying novel methods for sensitising rectal tumours to RT to enhance responses and improve patient outcomes. This can be achieved through harnessing tumour promoting effects of radiation or preventing development of radio-resistance in cancer cells. Many of the approaches being investigated involve targeting the recently published new dimensions of cancer hallmarks. This review article will discuss key radiation and targeted therapy combination strategies being investigated in the rectal cancer setting, with a focus on exploitation of mechanisms which target the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Pennel
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Louise Dutton
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lydia Melissourgou-Syka
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - Campbell Roxburgh
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
| | - Joanna Birch
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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2
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Wojakowska A, Marczak L, Zeman M, Chekan M, Zembala-Nożyńska E, Polanski K, Strugała A, Widlak P, Pietrowska M. Proteomic and metabolomic signatures of rectal tumor discriminate patients with different responses to preoperative radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1323961. [PMID: 38410100 PMCID: PMC10896604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (neo-RT) is widely used in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) as a component of radical treatment. Despite the advantages of neo-RT, which typically improves outcomes in LARC patients, the lack of reliable biomarkers that predict response and monitor the efficacy of therapy, can result in the application of unnecessary aggressive therapy affecting patients' quality of life. Hence, the search for molecular biomarkers for assessing the radio responsiveness of this cancer represents a relevant issue. Methods Here, we combined proteomic and metabolomic approaches to identify molecular signatures, which could discriminate LARC tumors with good and poor responses to neo-RT. Results The integration of data on differentially accumulated proteins and metabolites made it possible to identify disrupted metabolic pathways and signaling processes connected with response to irradiation, including ketone bodies synthesis and degradation, purine metabolism, energy metabolism, degradation of fatty acid, amino acid metabolism, and focal adhesion. Moreover, we proposed multi-component panels of proteins and metabolites which could serve as a solid base to develop biomarkers for monitoring and predicting the efficacy of preoperative RT in rectal cancer patients. Conclusion We proved that an integrated multi-omic approach presents a valid look at the analysis of the global response to cancer treatment from the perspective of metabolomic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojakowska
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Marczak
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Zeman
- The Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mykola Chekan
- Department of Pathomorphology, University of Technology, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Zembala-Nożyńska
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Aleksander Strugała
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Widlak
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
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3
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Santos MD, Barros I, Brandão P, Lacerda L. Amino Acid Profiles in the Biological Fluids and Tumor Tissue of CRC Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 38201497 PMCID: PMC10778074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and essential players in pathways such as the citric acid and urea cycle, purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, and redox cell signaling. Therefore, it is unsurprising that these molecules have a significant role in cancer metabolism and its metabolic plasticity. As one of the most prevalent malign diseases, colorectal cancer needs biomarkers for its early detection, prognostic, and prediction of response to therapy. However, the available biomarkers for this disease must be more powerful and present several drawbacks, such as high costs and complex laboratory procedures. Metabolomics has gathered substantial attention in the past two decades as a screening platform to study new metabolites, partly due to the development of techniques, such as mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography, which have become standard practice in diagnostic procedures for other diseases. Extensive metabolomic studies have been performed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the past years, and several exciting results concerning amino acid metabolism have been found. This review aims to gather and present findings concerning alterations in the amino acid plasma pool of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Domingues Santos
- Colorectal Unit, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4050-651 Porto, Portugal;
- UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (L.L.)
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo Barros
- UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (L.L.)
| | - Pedro Brandão
- Colorectal Unit, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4050-651 Porto, Portugal;
- UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (L.L.)
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Lacerda
- UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (L.L.)
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Genetic Laboratory Service, Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4050-651 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Camps J, Iftimie S, Arenas M, Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Castro A, Joven J. Paraoxonase-1: How a xenobiotic detoxifying enzyme has become an actor in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110553. [PMID: 37201624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both infectious and non-infectious diseases can share common molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation. External factors, such as bacterial or viral infections, excessive calorie intake, inadequate nutrients, or environmental factors, can cause metabolic disorders, resulting in an imbalance between free radical production and natural antioxidant systems. These factors may lead to the production of free radicals that can oxidize lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, causing metabolic alterations that influence the pathogenesis of the disease. The relationship between oxidation and inflammation is crucial, as they both contribute to the development of cellular pathology. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a vital enzyme in regulating these processes. PON1 is an enzyme that is bound to high-density lipoproteins and protects the organism against oxidative stress and toxic substances. It breaks down lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and cells, enhances the protection of high-density lipoproteins against different infectious agents, and is a critical component of the innate immune system. Impaired PON1 function can affect cellular homeostasis pathways and cause metabolically driven chronic inflammatory states. Therefore, understanding these relationships can help to improve treatments and identify new therapeutic targets. This review also examines the advantages and disadvantages of measuring serum PON1 levels in clinical settings, providing insight into the potential clinical use of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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5
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Radiomics Approaches for the Prediction of Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Ready for Prime Time? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020432. [PMID: 36672381 PMCID: PMC9857080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer has seen tremendous modifications. Adding neoadjuvant chemotherapy before or after chemoradiotherapy significantly increases loco-regional disease-free survival, negative surgical margin rates, and complete response rates. The higher complete rate is particularly clinically meaningful given the possibility of organ preservation in this specific sub-population, without compromising overall survival. However, all locally advanced rectal cancer most likely does not benefit from total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), but experiences higher toxicity rates. Diagnosis of complete response after neoadjuvant therapy is a real challenge, with a risk of false negatives and possible under-treatment. These new therapeutic approaches thus raise the need for better selection tools, enabling a personalized therapeutic approach for each patient. These tools mostly focus on the prediction of the pathological complete response given the clinical impact. In this article, we review the place of different biomarkers (clinical, biological, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and radiomics) as well as their clinical implementation and discuss the most recent trends for future steps in prediction modeling in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
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6
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Wang H, Jia H, Gao Y, Zhang H, Fan J, Zhang L, Ren F, Yin Y, Cai Y, Zhu J, Zhu ZJ. Serum metabolic traits reveal therapeutic toxicities and responses of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7802. [PMID: 36528604 PMCID: PMC9759530 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Therapeutic efficacy of nCRT is significantly affected by treatment-induced diarrhea and hematologic toxicities. Metabolic alternations in cancer therapy are key determinants to therapeutic toxicities and responses, but exploration in large-scale clinical studies remains limited. Here, we analyze 743 serum samples from 165 LARC patients recruited in a phase III clinical study using untargeted metabolomics and identify responsive metabolic traits over the course of nCRT. Pre-therapeutic serum metabolites successfully predict the chances of diarrhea and hematologic toxicities during nCRT. Particularly, levels of acyl carnitines are linked to sex disparity in nCRT-induced diarrhea. Finally, we show that differences in phenylalanine metabolism and essential amino acid metabolism may underlie distinct therapeutic responses of nCRT. This study illustrates the metabolic dynamics over the course of nCRT and provides potential to guide personalized nCRT treatment using responsive metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Huixun Jia
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080 China ,grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Biostatistics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yang Gao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Haosong Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jin Fan
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Biostatistics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Biostatistics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Fandong Ren
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yandong Yin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yuping Cai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ji Zhu
- grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310005 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000 China ,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310000 China ,grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.513063.2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, 201210 China
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7
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Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Arenas M, Baiges-Gaya G, Acosta J, Araguas P, Malave B, Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Benavides-Villarreal R, Sabater S, Solà-Alberich R, Camps J, Joven J. Gradient Boosting Machine Identified Predictive Variables for Breast Cancer Patients Pre- and Post-Radiotherapy: Preliminary Results of an 8-Year Follow-Up Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122394. [PMID: 36552602 PMCID: PMC9774765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is part of the standard treatment of breast cancer (BC) because of its effects on relapse reduction and survival. However, response to treatment is highly variable, and some patients may develop disease progression (DP), a second primary cancer, or may succumb to the disease. Antioxidant systems and inflammatory processes are associated with the onset and development of BC and play a role in resistance to treatment. Here, we report our investigation into the clinical evolution of BC patients, and the impact of RT on the circulating levels of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1), cytokines, and other standard biochemical and hematological variables. Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm was used to identify predictive variables. This was a retrospective study in 237 patients with BC. Blood samples were obtained pre- and post-RT, with samples of healthy women used as control subjects. Results showed that 24 patients had DP eight years post-RT, and eight patients developed a second primary tumor. The algorithm identified interleukin-4 and total lymphocyte counts as the most relevant indices discriminating between BC patients and control subjects, while neutrophils, total leukocytes, eosinophils, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PON1 activity were potential predictors of fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-977-310-300 (ext. 54132) (M.A.); +34-977-310-300 (ext. 55409) (J.C.)
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Johana Acosta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Pablo Araguas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Bárbara Malave
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Rocío Benavides-Villarreal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Sebastià Sabater
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà-Alberich
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-977-310-300 (ext. 54132) (M.A.); +34-977-310-300 (ext. 55409) (J.C.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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8
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Martín-Carnicero A, Ramalle-Gomara E, Rubio-Mediavilla S, Alonso-Lago M, Zorrilla-Larraga M, Manrique-Abós I, de las Heras-Dueña ME, Larrayoz IM, Martínez A. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC) Treated with Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206091. [PMID: 36294412 PMCID: PMC9604791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is one of the standards of care in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This retrospective study examines clinical, analytical, and pathological parameters collected from 77 patients with locally advanced (cT3-4 or cN+) rectal carcinoma diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 at our institution that were treated with preoperative CRT and surgery. In the prognosis analysis, lower hemoglobin levels (p = 0.008), lower lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) (p = 0.011), and higher platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (p = 0.029) in the second determination (Hb2, LMR2 and PLR2) were associated with the relapse group. The number of positive nodes after surgery (N+) showed a statistically significant association with relapse (p = 0.012). KRAS mutations were associated with a worse prognosis for 5 years progression-free and overall survival (p = 0.005 and 0.022; respectively). We propose a prognostic model based on four parameters (number of positive lymph nodes after surgery, hemoglobin levels, LMR, and PLR after neoadjuvant therapy) that can be a useful tool to estimate relapse risk. Moreover, bilirubin could be a useful parameter to predict the response to neoadjuvant CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio M. Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Unidad Predepartamental de Enfermería, Universidad de La Rioja (UR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Group, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-941278775
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9
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Gabaldó X, Juanpere M, Castañé H, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, López-Azcona AF, Baiges-Gaya G, Castro L, Valverde-Díaz E, Muñoz-Blázquez A, Giménez-Cuenca L, Felipo-Balada L, Ballester F, Pujol I, Simó JM, Castro A, Iftimie S, Camps J, Joven J. Usefulness of the Measurement of Serum Paraoxonase-1 Arylesterase Activity in the Diagnoses of COVID-19. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070879. [PMID: 35883435 PMCID: PMC9312761 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of inexpensive, fast, and reliable screening tests for COVID-19 is, as yet, an unmet need. The present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of serum arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) measurement as a screening test in patients with different severity levels of COVID-19 infection. We included 615 COVID-19-positive patients who were classified as asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, severely symptomatic, or fatally symptomatic. Results were compared with 50 healthy volunteers, 330 patients with cancer, and 343 with morbid obesity. Results showed PON1 activity greatly decreased in COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers; a receiver operating characteristics plot showed a high diagnostic accuracy. The degree of COVID-19 severity did not influence PON1 levels. Our results indicated that PON1 determination was efficient for disease diagnosis, but not for prognosis. Furthermore, patients with obesity or cancer presented alterations similar to those of COVID-19 patients. As such, elevated levels of PON1 indicate the absence of COVID-19, but low levels may be present in various other chronic diseases. The assay is fast and inexpensive. We suggest that PON1 measurement could be used as an initial, high cut-off point screening method, while lower values should be confirmed with the more expensive nucleic acid amplification test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gabaldó
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Màrius Juanpere
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
| | - Ana Felisa López-Azcona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
| | - Lourdes Castro
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Enrique Valverde-Díaz
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Aida Muñoz-Blázquez
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Laura Giménez-Cuenca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Felipo-Balada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Frederic Ballester
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Isabel Pujol
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Josep M. Simó
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Antoni Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Simona Iftimie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-310-300 (S.I.); +34-312-569 (J.C.)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-310-300 (S.I.); +34-312-569 (J.C.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
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10
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Strybel U, Marczak L, Zeman M, Polanski K, Mielańczyk Ł, Klymenko O, Samelak-Czajka A, Jackowiak P, Smolarz M, Chekan M, Zembala-Nożyńska E, Widlak P, Pietrowska M, Wojakowska A. Molecular Composition of Serum Exosomes Could Discriminate Rectal Cancer Patients with Different Responses to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:993. [PMID: 35205741 PMCID: PMC8870712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers that could be used for the prediction of the response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy (neo-RT) in locally advanced rectal cancer remains a challenge addressed by different experimental approaches. Exosomes and other classes of extracellular vesicles circulating in patients' blood represent a novel type of liquid biopsy and a source of cancer biomarkers. Here, we used a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometry techniques for studying the molecular components of exosomes isolated from the serum of rectal cancer patients with different responses to neo-RT. This allowed revealing several proteins and metabolites associated with common pathways relevant for the response of rectal cancer patients to neo-RT, including immune system response, complement activation cascade, platelet functions, metabolism of lipids, metabolism of glucose, and cancer-related signaling pathways. Moreover, the composition of serum-derived exosomes and a whole serum was analyzed in parallel to compare the biomarker potential of both specimens. Among proteins that the most properly discriminated good and poor responders were GPLD1 (AUC = 0.85, accuracy of 74%) identified in plasma as well as C8G (AUC = 0.91, accuracy 81%), SERPINF2 (AUC = 0.91, accuracy 79%) and CFHR3 (AUC = 0.90, accuracy 81%) identified in exosomes. We found that the proteome component of serum-derived exosomes has the highest capacity to discriminate samples of patients with different responses to neo-RT when compared to the whole plasma proteome and metabolome. We concluded that the molecular components of exosomes are associated with the response of rectal cancer patients to neo-RT and could be used for the prediction of such response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Strybel
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (U.S.); (L.M.); (A.S.-C.); (P.J.)
| | - Lukasz Marczak
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (U.S.); (L.M.); (A.S.-C.); (P.J.)
| | - Marcin Zeman
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (E.Z.-N.); (M.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Polanski
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK;
| | - Łukasz Mielańczyk
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (Ł.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Olesya Klymenko
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (Ł.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Anna Samelak-Czajka
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (U.S.); (L.M.); (A.S.-C.); (P.J.)
| | - Paulina Jackowiak
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (U.S.); (L.M.); (A.S.-C.); (P.J.)
| | - Mateusz Smolarz
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (E.Z.-N.); (M.P.)
| | - Mykola Chekan
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (E.Z.-N.); (M.P.)
| | - Ewa Zembala-Nożyńska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (E.Z.-N.); (M.P.)
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (E.Z.-N.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (U.S.); (L.M.); (A.S.-C.); (P.J.)
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11
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Jasinski M, Olszewska-Slonina D. Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence in Patients Treated with Radiotherapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020346. [PMID: 35204228 PMCID: PMC8868428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) may be involved in the response to radiation-induced oxidative stress and possibly prevent cell apoptosis. The correlation of PON1 with the risk of cancer recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) is not yet explored. We investigated changes in the activity of PON1 in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing RT, and the relation of PON1 activity to the risk of recurrence after RT. We included 56 men with PCa. Blood samples were obtained before irradiation and after the completion of RT. Patients were followed for an average of 51.2 months. Each case of biochemical recurrence was confirmed with biopsy. The control group was composed of 60 healthy men. There was no significant difference in PON1 activity between the control group and patients pre-radiotherapy. Irradiation was associated with a significant decrease in PON1 activity. Patients with PCa recurrence had significantly higher serum PON1 activity than those recurrence-free, both before and after RT. PON1 activity was a predictor of PCa recurrence, with sensitivity over 80% and specificity over 64%. Our results suggest that PON1 activity may be a predictor of PCa recurrence risk after RT. Studies with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Jasinski
- Department of Urology, Institute of Oncology, Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Slonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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12
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A differential DNA methylome signature of pulmonary immune cells from individuals converting to latent tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19418. [PMID: 34593857 PMCID: PMC8484443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spreads via aerosols and the first encounter with the immune system is with the pulmonary-resident immune cells. The role of epigenetic regulations in the immune cells is emerging and we have previously shown that macrophages capacity to kill M. tuberculosis is reflected in the DNA methylome. The aim of this study was to investigate epigenetic modifications in alveolar macrophages and T cells in a cohort of medical students with an increased risk of TB exposure, longitudinally. DNA methylome analysis revealed that a unique DNA methylation profile was present in healthy subjects who later developed latent TB during the study. The profile was reflected in a different overall DNA methylation distribution as well as a distinct set of differentially methylated genes (DMGs). The DMGs were over-represented in pathways related to metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and T cell migration and IFN-γ production, pathways previously reported important in TB control. In conclusion, we identified a unique DNA methylation signature in individuals, with no peripheral immune response to M. tuberculosis antigen who later developed latent TB. Together the study suggests that the DNA methylation status of pulmonary immune cells can reveal who will develop latent TB infection.
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13
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On the Role of Paraoxonase-1 and Chemokine Ligand 2 (C-C motif) in Metabolic Alterations Linked to Inflammation and Disease. A 2021 Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070971. [PMID: 34356595 PMCID: PMC8301931 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and many non-infectious diseases share common molecular mechanisms. Among them, oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory reaction are of particular note. Metabolic disorders induced by external agents, be they bacterial or viral pathogens, excessive calorie intake, poor-quality nutrients, or environmental factors produce an imbalance between the production of free radicals and endogenous antioxidant systems; the consequence being the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxidation and inflammation are closely related, and whether oxidative stress and inflammation represent the causes or consequences of cellular pathology, both produce metabolic alterations that influence the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight two key molecules in the regulation of these processes: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). PON1 is an enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins. It breaks down lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and cells, participates in the protection conferred by HDL against different infectious agents, and is considered part of the innate immune system. With PON1 deficiency, CCL2 production increases, inducing migration and infiltration of immune cells in target tissues and disturbing normal metabolic function. This disruption involves pathways controlling cellular homeostasis as well as metabolically-driven chronic inflammatory states. Hence, an understanding of these relationships would help improve treatments and, as well, identify new therapeutic targets.
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