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Banga I, France K, Paul A, Prasad S. E.Co.Tech Breathalyzer: A Pilot Study of a Non-invasive COVID-19 Diagnostic Tool for Light and Non-smokers. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:496-503. [PMID: 39430966 PMCID: PMC11487758 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of exhaled breath offers a noninvasive approach to understanding the metabolic state of the body. This study focuses on the efficacy of an innovative Electrochemical Hand-held Breathalyzer COVID-19 Sensing Technology (E.Co.Tech) for predicting COVID-19 infection, specifically in populations of never or former light smokers. The electrochemical nose technology used in this device aims to discriminate changes in exhaled nitric oxide levels, which are associated with COVID-19-linked respiratory inflammation. The methodology combines the device with a machine learning-based algorithm trained on a diverse data set of breath profiles from both infected and noninfected individuals. A cohort of 46 participants, consisting of never or former light smokers, was recruited. Each participant was tested using the E.Co.Tech prototype device and an iHealth COVID-19 antigen rapid test. The performance of the device was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV). The results demonstrated high specificity (91.11%) and NPV (97.62%) for the device in this demographic group. This case study underscores the potential of E.Co.Tech as a valuable tool for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis, particularly in populations with unique smoking histories. The technology's high sensitivity and specificity, along with its rapid results, make it a promising candidate for deployment in resource-limited settings and situations where timely detection is crucial for effective public health management. Further large-scale clinical trials and real-world validations are necessary to establish the device's utility across diverse population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivneet Banga
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Kordel France
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Texas
at Dallas, 800 W Campbell
Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anirban Paul
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Kim JJY, Dennett L, Ospina MB, Hicks A, Vliagoftis H, Adatia A. Effectiveness of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in preventing infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:30. [PMID: 38600554 PMCID: PMC11005196 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is a standard treatment for patients with antibody production deficiencies, which is of interest in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021281118), assessed the current literature regarding immunoglobulin replacement therapy on COPD clinical outcomes in patients with low immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum concentrations. METHODS Literature searches conducted from inception to August 23, 2021, in databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Population (sex, age, comorbidities), baseline clinical characteristics (pulmonary function testing results, IgG levels), and outcome (hospitalizations, emergency department visits) were extracted after title/abstract and full text screening. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment form was used for risk of bias assessment of randomized controlled trials and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) assessment was used for pre and post studies. RESULTS A total of 1381 studies were identified in the preliminary search, and 874 records were screened after duplicates were removed. Screening 77 full texts yielded four studies that were included in the review. CONCLUSION It is unclear whether immune globulin replacement therapy reduces acute exacerbation frequency and severity in COPD. Current evidence suggests that it is worth considering, but better developed protocols for administration of immune globulin supplementation is required for future randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Y Kim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liz Dennett
- Sperber Health Sciences Library University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria B Ospina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adil Adatia
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Ghantous E, Shetrit A, Erez Y, Noam N, Zamanzadeh RS, Zahler D, Granot Y, Levi E, Perl ML, Banai S, Topilsky Y, Havakuk O. The Mechanism of Effort Intolerance in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Combined Stress Echocardiography and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5817. [PMID: 37762757 PMCID: PMC10531883 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We used a combined stress echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to explore effort intolerance in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. METHODS Twenty-three patients who had both PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared with twenty-four sex- and age-matched CAD patients and fifteen normal controls using a symptom-limited ramp bicycle CPET on a tilting dedicated ergometer. Echocardiographic images were obtained concurrently with gas exchange measurements along predefined stages of exercise. Oxygen extraction was calculated using the Fick equation at each activity level. RESULTS Along the stages of exercise (unloaded; anaerobic threshold; peak), in PAD + CAD patients compared with CAD or controls, diastolic function worsened (p = 0.051 and p = 0.013, respectively), and oxygen consumption (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and oxygen pulse (p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0027, respectively) were reduced. Notably, oxygen pulse was blunted due to an insufficient increase in both stroke volume (p = 0.025 and p = 0.028, respectively) and peripheral oxygen extraction (p = 0.031 and p = 0.038, respectively). Chronotropic incompetence was more prevalent in PAD patients and persisted after correction for beta-blocker use (62% vs. 42% and 11%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In PAD patients, exercise limitation is associated with diastolic dysfunction, chronotropic incompetence and peripheral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eihab Ghantous
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Aviel Shetrit
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yonatan Erez
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Natalie Noam
- Vascular Surgery Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Ryan S. Zamanzadeh
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - David Zahler
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoav Granot
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Erez Levi
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Michal Laufer Perl
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yan Topilsky
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ofer Havakuk
- Cardiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.G.); (A.S.); (Y.E.); (R.S.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.G.); (E.L.); (M.L.P.); (S.B.); (Y.T.)
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Frosztega W, Wieckiewicz M, Gac P, Lachowicz G, Poreba R, Mazur G, Martynowicz H. The Effect of Cadmium on Sleep Parameters Assessed in Polysomnographic Studies: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3899. [PMID: 37373594 PMCID: PMC10299149 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal that accumulates in the body due to environmental and occupational exposure. The main form of environmental exposure to cadmium is related to cigarette smoking. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cadmium on numerous sleep parameters with the use of polysomnography. The secondary aim of this study was to investigate if environmental exposure to cadmium is a risk factor for the intensity of sleep bruxism (SB). METHODS A total of 44 adults underwent a full night of polysomnographic examination. The polysomnograms were assessed according to guidelines set out by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). The concentration of cadmium in the blood and urine was determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The polysomnographic examination confirmed that cadmium, age, male gender and smoking status are independent risk factors for an increase in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Cadmium alters sleep architecture by favoring sleep fragmentation and decreasing the duration of the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep. However, cadmium exposure is not a risk factor for the development of sleep bruxism. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrates that cadmium affects sleep architecture and is a risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea; however, it does not affect sleep bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Frosztega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.F.); (G.L.); (R.P.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
- Student Research Club No K133, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Gac
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Gabriella Lachowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.F.); (G.L.); (R.P.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Rafal Poreba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.F.); (G.L.); (R.P.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.F.); (G.L.); (R.P.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.F.); (G.L.); (R.P.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
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Lin WY, Lin FS, Shih CC, Sung YJ, Chen AY, Piao YC, Chen JS, Cheng YJ. Comparisons on the intraoperative desaturation and postoperative outcomes in non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery with supraglottic airway devices or high-flow nasal oxygen: A retrospective study. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:309-316. [PMID: 36463081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared intraoperative oxygenation and perioperative outcomes between non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery (NIVATS) with supraglottic airway devices (SADs) and NIVATS with high flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO). The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the intraoperative desaturation rate and postoperative outcomes between NIVATS with SADs and NIVATS with HFNO. METHODS Data regarding NIVATS performed for lung cancer from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected. Intraoperative anesthetic results, post-anesthetic adverse effects, and surgical outcomes for patients who received SAD or HFNO were analyzed using propensity score-matched and unmatched analysis. RESULTS In total, 199 patients with i-gel™ and 95 patients with HFNO were included. Significantly more female patients (91.6 vs. 82.4%, p = 0.0378) and fewer wedge resections (78.9 vs. 85.4%, p = 0.0258) were observed in the HFNO group. Among 250 patients who underwent NIVATS wedge resections under total intravenous anesthesia, those who received HFNO had a significantly higher desaturation event rate (19.8% vs. 7.9% in i-gel™ group; p = 0.0063), lower nadir SPO2 (94.0% vs. 96.1% in i-gel™ group; p = 0.0012), and longer hospitalization (4.0 ± 0.8 vs. 3.6 ± 0.6 in i-gel™ group; p < 0.0001). However, propensity score matching analysis revealed no significant between-group difference in the desaturation rate. A log-rank test revealed that smoking (p = 0.0005) and HFNO (p = 0.0074) were associated with intraoperative desaturation. CONCLUSION The rate of SAD use in NIVATS was twice the rate of HFNO use, especially for wedge resections. There is uncertain airway patency and limited flow through HFNO during one-lung ventilation, whereas SADs like i-gel™ presented a significantly less intraoperative desaturation rate over time and similar postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No.57, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan S Rd, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Shih
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No.57, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No.57, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - An-Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No.57, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Piao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No.57, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Cancer Center and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No.57, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
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Acuti Martellucci C, Flacco ME, Martellucci M, Violante FS, Manzoli L. Inhaled CO 2 Concentration While Wearing Face Masks: A Pilot Study Using Capnography. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221123573. [PMID: 36133777 PMCID: PMC9483963 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221123573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Face masks are recommended based on the assumption that they protect against SARS-CoV-2 transmission, however studies on their potential side effects are still lacking. We aimed to evaluate the inhaled air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, when wearing masks. Methods We measured end-tidal CO2 using professional side-stream capnography, with water-removing tubing, (1) without masks, (2) wearing a surgical mask, and (3) wearing a FFP2 respirator (for 5 minutes each while seated after 10 minutes of rest), in 146 healthy volunteers aged 10 to 90 years, from the general population of Ferrara, Italy. The inhaled air CO2 concentration was computed as: ([mask volume × end-tidal CO2] + [tidal volume - mask volume] × ambient air CO2)/tidal volume. Results With surgical masks, the mean CO2 concentration was 7091 ± 2491 ppm in children, 4835 ± 869 in adults, and 4379 ± 978 in the elderly. With FFP2 respirators, this concentration was 13 665 ± 3655 in children, 8502 ± 1859 in adults, and 9027 ± 1882 in the elderly. The proportion showing a CO2 concentration higher than the 5000 ppm (8-hour average) acceptable threshold for workers was 41.1% with surgical masks, and 99.3% with FFP2 respirators. Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and smoking, the inhaled air CO2 concentration significantly increased with increasing respiratory rate (mean 10 837 ±3712 ppm among participants ⩾18 breaths/minute, with FFP2 respirators), and among the minors. Conclusion If these results are confirmed, the current guidelines on mask-wearing should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and
Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mosè Martellucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery,
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Violante
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant’Orsola
Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Acuti Martellucci C, Flacco ME, Martellucci M, Violante FS, Manzoli L. Inhaled CO 2 Concentration While Wearing Face Masks: A Pilot Study Using Capnography. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022. [PMID: 36133777 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.10.22274813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Face masks are recommended based on the assumption that they protect against SARS-CoV-2 transmission, however studies on their potential side effects are still lacking. We aimed to evaluate the inhaled air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, when wearing masks. METHODS We measured end-tidal CO2 using professional side-stream capnography, with water-removing tubing, (1) without masks, (2) wearing a surgical mask, and (3) wearing a FFP2 respirator (for 5 minutes each while seated after 10 minutes of rest), in 146 healthy volunteers aged 10 to 90 years, from the general population of Ferrara, Italy. The inhaled air CO2 concentration was computed as: ([mask volume × end-tidal CO2] + [tidal volume - mask volume] × ambient air CO2)/tidal volume. RESULTS With surgical masks, the mean CO2 concentration was 7091 ± 2491 ppm in children, 4835 ± 869 in adults, and 4379 ± 978 in the elderly. With FFP2 respirators, this concentration was 13 665 ± 3655 in children, 8502 ± 1859 in adults, and 9027 ± 1882 in the elderly. The proportion showing a CO2 concentration higher than the 5000 ppm (8-hour average) acceptable threshold for workers was 41.1% with surgical masks, and 99.3% with FFP2 respirators. Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and smoking, the inhaled air CO2 concentration significantly increased with increasing respiratory rate (mean 10 837 ±3712 ppm among participants ⩾18 breaths/minute, with FFP2 respirators), and among the minors. CONCLUSION If these results are confirmed, the current guidelines on mask-wearing should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mosè Martellucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Violante
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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