Pseudoprevotella muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a mucin-degrading bacterium attached to the bovine rumen epithelium

The phenotype and genotype of fermentative prokaryotes

Fermentation is a type of metabolism pervasive in oxygen-deprived environments. Despite its importance, we know little about the range and traits of organisms that carry out this metabolism. Our study addresses this gap with a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype and genotype of fermentative prokaryotes. We assembled a dataset with phenotypic records of 8350 organisms plus 4355 genomes and 13.6 million genes. Our analysis reveals fermentation is both widespread (in ~30% of prokaryotes) and complex (forming ~300 combinations of metabolites). Furthermore, it points to previously uncharacterized proteins involved in this metabolism. Previous studies suggest that metabolic pathways for fermentation are well understood, but metabolic models built in our study show gaps in our knowledge. This study demonstrates the complexity of fermentation while showing that there is still much to learn about this metabolism. All resources in our study can be explored by the scientific community with an online, interactive tool.

An Update on Novel Taxa and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacteria Isolated from Domestic Animals Described in 2018 to 2021

Novel bacterial taxonomy and nomenclature revisions can have significant impacts on clinical practice, disease epidemiology, and veterinary microbiology laboratory operations. Expansion of research on the microbiota of humans, animals, and insects has significant potential impacts on the taxonomy of organisms of clinical interest. Implications of taxonomic changes may be especially important when considering zoonotic diseases. Here, we address novel taxonomy and nomenclature revisions of veterinary significance. Noteworthy discussion centers around descriptions of novel mastitis pathogens in Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Actinomycetaceae; bovine reproductive tract pathogens in Corynebacteriaceae; novel members of Mannheimia spp., Leptospira spp., and Mycobacterium spp.; the transfer of Ochrobactrum spp. to Brucella spp.; and revisions to the genus Mycoplasma.