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Zher-Wen, Zhen S, Yu R. Moral characteristics predicting COVID-19 vaccination. J Pers 2024; 92:820-836. [PMID: 37899552 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to assess, for the first time, whether vaccination is predicted by different behavioral and cognitive aspects of moral decision-making. BACKGROUND Studies linking moral factors to vaccination have largely examined whether vaccination decisions can be explained by individual differences in the endorsement of various principles and norms central to deontology-based arguments in vaccination ethics. However, these studies have overlooked whether individuals prioritize norms over other considerations when making decisions, such as maximizing consequences (utilitarianism). METHOD In a sample of 1492 participants, the current study assessed whether vaccination is explained by individual differences in three aspects of moral decision-making (consequence sensitivity, norm sensitivity, and action tendency), while also considering ethics position (idealism, relativism) and moral identity. RESULTS Supportive vaccination (vaccine uptake accompanied by a positive attitude toward vaccines) was associated with utilitarianism (increased consequence sensitivity) and increased tolerance to risks and harm toward others. Meanwhile, although those in the non-vaccinated group was associated with higher harm sensitivities, they neither supported nor received the COVID vaccines (when vaccines prevent harm from infection). CONCLUSION Pro-vaccination messages may be made more effective by addressing perceptions of harms associated with vaccines and infections, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zher-Wen
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Zhen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Harjani T, He H, Chao MM. The Moral Foundations of Vaccine Passports. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37359793 PMCID: PMC10200013 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-023-05427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The debate around vaccine passports has been polarising and controversial. Although the measure allows businesses to resume in-person operations and enables transitioning out of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some have expressed concerns about liberty violations and discrimination. Understanding the splintered viewpoints can aid businesses in communicating such measures to employees and consumers. We conceptualise the business implementation of vaccine passports as a moral decision rooted in individual values that influence reasoning and emotional reaction. We surveyed support for vaccine passports on a nationally representative sample in the United Kingdom in 2021: April (n = 349), May (n = 328), and July (n = 311). Drawing on the Moral Foundations Theory-binding (loyalty, authority, and sanctity), individualising (fairness and harm), and liberty values-we find that individualising values are a positive predictor and liberty values a negative predictor of support for passports, suggesting adoption hinges on addressing liberty concerns. Longitudinal analysis examining the trajectory of change in support over time finds that individualising foundations positively predict changes in utilitarian and deontological reasoning over time. In contrast, a fall in anger over time predicts increased support towards vaccine passports. Our study can inform business and policy communication strategies of existing vaccine passports, general vaccine mandates, and similar measures in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Harjani
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Hongwei He
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9SS UK
| | - Melody Manchi Chao
- Department of Management, School of Business and Management, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
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Xu K, Ou Q, Luo D, Shi X, Li K, Xue H, Huang Y, Turel O, Zhang S, He Q. Moral decision-making in pettism: The influence of animal type, pet ownership status, and social distance. Psych J 2023; 12:54-72. [PMID: 36123756 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Speciesism prioritizes humans over animals and pets. Nevertheless, pet owners have a strong attachment bond with their pets, which makes their hierarchical view of pets less clear. Aiming to examine this issue, we present a dilemma involving animals and humans that allowed us to investigate whether animal type, social distance, and pet ownership status can affect moral decision-making related to pets. Save-willingness results showed that in the moral dilemmas of pets versus livestock versus wild animals (Studies 1a and 2a) and their own pets versus strangers (Studies 1b and 2b), pet owners prioritize pets whereas non-owners prioritize pets (Studies 1a and 2a) and strangers (Studies 1b and 2b). Pet owners prefer to save pets more than do non-owners (Study 1a), and this effect was only observed in females (Study 2a). Save-decision results showed that in the moral dilemmas of pets versus livestock versus wild animals (Study 2a), pet owners prioritize pets whereas in the dilemmas of pets versus strangers (Study 2b), pet owners prioritize strangers. The same result was found in non-owners. Pet owners prefer more than do non-owners to save pets (Study 2). Overall, the separation of save-willingness and save-decision results revealed that pet owners show special speciesism (i.e., pettism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepeng Xu
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi University and College Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Ethnic Education Development Research Center, Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Guangxi Universities, Guilin, China
| | - Qianqian Ou
- Teaching Department, Dongguan Hanlin High School, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongli Luo
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoting Shi
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Kang Li
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi University and College Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Ethnic Education Development Research Center, Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Guangxi Universities, Guilin, China
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- School of Computing and Information System, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi University and College Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Ethnic Education Development Research Center, Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Guangxi Universities, Guilin, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Furnham A, Robinson C, Grover S. Consensual ideas for prioritizing patients: correlates of preferences in the allocation of medical resources. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Furnham
- Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School (BI)
| | | | - Simmy Grover
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London
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