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Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján LM, McCarty MF. Targeting beta-catenin signaling for prevention of colorectal cancer - Nutraceutical, drug, and dietary options. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175898. [PMID: 37481200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Progressive up-regulation of β-catenin signaling is very common in the transformation of colorectal epithelium to colorectal cancer (CRC). Practical measures for opposing such signaling hence have potential for preventing or slowing such transformation. cAMP/PKA activity in colon epithelium, as stimulated by COX-2-generated prostaglandins and β2-adrenergic signaling, boosts β-catenin activity, whereas cGMP/PKG signaling has the opposite effect. Bacterial generation of short-chain fatty acids (as supported by unrefined high-carbohydrate diets, berberine, and probiotics), dietary calcium, daily aspirin, antioxidants opposing cox-2 induction, and nicotine avoidance, can suppress cAMP production in colonic epithelium, whereas cGMP can be boosted via linaclotides, PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil or icariin, and likely high-dose biotin. Selective activation of estrogen receptor-β by soy isoflavones, support of adequate vitamin D receptor activity with UV exposure or supplemental vitamin D, and inhibition of CK2 activity with flavanols such as quercetin, can also oppose β-catenin signaling in colorectal epithelium. Secondary bile acids, the colonic production of which can be diminished by low-fat diets and berberine, can up-regulate β-catenin activity by down-regulating farnesoid X receptor expression. Stimulation of PI3K/Akt via insulin, IGF-I, TLR4, and EGFR receptors boosts β-catenin levels via inhibition of glycogen synthase-3β; plant-based diets can down-regulate insulin and IGF-I levels, exercise training and leanness can keep insulin low, anthocyanins and their key metabolite ferulic acid have potential for opposing TLR4 signaling, and silibinin is a direct antagonist for EGFR. Partially hydrolyzed phytate can oppose growth factor-mediated down-regulation of β-catenin by inhibiting Akt activation. Multifactorial strategies for safely opposing β-catenin signaling can be complemented with measures that diminish colonic mutagenesis and DNA hypomethylation - such as avoidance of heme-rich meat and charred or processed meats, consumption of phase II-inductive foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., Crucifera), and assurance of adequate folate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83000, Mexico.
| | - Lidianys María Lewis Luján
- Technological Institute of Hermosillo (ITH), Ave. Tecnológico y Periférico Poniente S/N, Col. Sahuaro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83170, México.
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Wang H, Zheng H, Cao X, Meng P, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhang T, Zuo H. Relationship between fibrinogen level and advanced colorectal adenoma among inpatients: A retrospective case-control study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1140185. [PMID: 37007769 PMCID: PMC10061582 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1140185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was to explore the relationship between fibrinogen and advanced colorectal adenoma among inpatients.MethodsFrom April 2015 to June 2022, 3738 participants (566 case subjects and 3172 control subjects) who underwent colonoscopies enrolled, and smooth curve fitting and logistic regression models were applied to explore the association between fibrinogen and advanced colorectal adenoma. In addition, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the stability of the results.ResultsCompared with lower fibrinogen quantile 1 (< 2.4 g/L), the adjusted OR values for fibrinogen and advanced colorectal adenoma in quantile 2 (2.4–2.75 g/L), quantile 3 (2.76–3.15 g/L), and quantile 4 (≥3.16 g/L) were 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.41), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.01–1.85), and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06–1.94), respectively. A linear relationship between fibrinogen and advanced colorectal adenoma was observed. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed stable results.ConclusionComplements the evidence that fibrinogen was positively associated with advanced adenomas, suggesting that fibrinogen may play a role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huanwei Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Huanwei Zheng,
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Endoscopy, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinli Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Haiying Zuo
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Tang CL, Tsai WC, Lee JY, Wang YK, Chen YH, Liu YW, Lin MC, Fang PT, Huang YL, Wu IC. Higher pre-treatment skin sympathetic nerve activity and elevated resting heart rate after chemoradiotherapy predict worse esophageal cancer outcomes. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1086. [PMID: 36271384 PMCID: PMC9587625 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which might affect the autonomic system, is the mainstay therapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Autonomic dysfunction has been found to possibly lead to cancer mortality in those with elevated resting heart rates (RHR). Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) is a new method of stimulating electrical signals in skin to evaluate autonomic function from sympathetic tone. In this study, we investigated the association between changes in RHR and autonomic function and ESCC mortality. Methods Thirty-nine stage II-IV ESCC patients receiving CRT between March 2019 and November 2020 were prospectively enrolled and carefully selected, followed up and received the same meticulous supportive care. Serial RHR was recorded every two weeks from before CRT to eight weeks after CRT and average SKNA were recorded before and four weeks after CRT. All-cause mortality was defined as primary outcome. Results We found the RHR of ESCC patients to be significantly elevated and peaking at four weeks after CRT (p < 0.001) and then to gradually decrease. Those with an elevated RHR above the cutoff level (18 beat-per-minute) at eight weeks after CRT had worse overall survival. In addition, those with higher baseline sympathetic tone (average SKNA ≥ 0.86 μV) also had poor outcome. Conclusions Increased pre-treatment sympathetic tone and elevated RHR after CRT are alarm signs of poor ESCC outcome. Further exploration of the mechanisms underlying these associations could potentially lead to intervention strategies for reducing mortality. Trial registration This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03243448. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10180-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ling Tang
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Tzu Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan. .,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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