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Morales-Nieto CR, Villarreal-Guerrero F, Jurado-Guerra P, Ochoa-Rivero JM, Prieto-Amparán JA, Corrales-Lerma R, Pinedo-Alvarez A, Álvarez-Holguín A. Environmental Niche Dynamics of Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis) Ecotypes in Northern Mexico: Genetic Structure and Implications for Restoration Management. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050684. [PMID: 35270154 PMCID: PMC8912581 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic structure adopted by natural populations and its relation to environmental adaptation is critical for the success of restoration programs. We evaluated the genetic structure and temporal environmental niche dynamics of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) in 48 populations. The genetic evaluation was performed through amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. The maximum entropy method was used to model the past, present, and future environmental niches of the three clusters derived from the genetic analysis. The environmental niches of the three genetic clusters showed dynamic overlaps and isolations during the last interglacial and glacial maximum. The paleoclimatic events, which occurred during those periods, may have reinforced genetic exchange among populations and affected their genetic structure. Genetic clusters also presented different environmental niches in the present. Thus, they can be considered as three distinct ecotypes and restoration programs must be carried out using local germplasm from each environmental niche to increase their chance of success. Based on the environmental niches of the genetic clusters, changes are expected in the near and mid-century future. Therefore, climate change must be considered for species conservation management and future restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Morales-Nieto
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada km. 1, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (C.R.M.-N.); (F.V.-G.); (J.A.P.-A.); (R.C.-L.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Federico Villarreal-Guerrero
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada km. 1, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (C.R.M.-N.); (F.V.-G.); (J.A.P.-A.); (R.C.-L.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Pedro Jurado-Guerra
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental La Campana, Carretera Chihuahua-Ojinaga km. 33.3, Aldama 32190, Mexico; (P.J.-G.); (J.M.O.-R.)
| | - Jesús M. Ochoa-Rivero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental La Campana, Carretera Chihuahua-Ojinaga km. 33.3, Aldama 32190, Mexico; (P.J.-G.); (J.M.O.-R.)
| | - Jesús A. Prieto-Amparán
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada km. 1, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (C.R.M.-N.); (F.V.-G.); (J.A.P.-A.); (R.C.-L.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Raúl Corrales-Lerma
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada km. 1, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (C.R.M.-N.); (F.V.-G.); (J.A.P.-A.); (R.C.-L.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Alfredo Pinedo-Alvarez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada km. 1, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (C.R.M.-N.); (F.V.-G.); (J.A.P.-A.); (R.C.-L.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Alan Álvarez-Holguín
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental La Campana, Carretera Chihuahua-Ojinaga km. 33.3, Aldama 32190, Mexico; (P.J.-G.); (J.M.O.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-614-178-6033
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