1
|
Wetzstein N, Dahl VN, Lillebaek T, Lange C. Clinical spectrum and relevance of Mycobacterium malmoense: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 859 patients. J Infect 2024; 89:106203. [PMID: 38906266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical relevance of Mycobacterium malmoense isolation from pulmonary specimens has been considered high compared with other non-tuberculous mycobacteria. In this study, we aimed to analyse all published clinical data of patients with M. malmoense isolation to investigate the clinical spectrum, relevance, and outcomes of infections with this uncommon mycobacterium. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus was performed to identify all clinical data about M. malmoense. Random effects meta-analyses of proportions were calculated for clinical relevance, treatment success, and mortality, as well as for other clinical characteristics. A logistic regression analysis, investigating predictors of mortality, as well as Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, were performed. RESULTS One hundred and eighty eight patients with individual data from 112 articles and 671 patients with pooled data from 12 articles were included in the meta-analyses. Of patients with individual data, pulmonary infection was the most common manifestation (n = 106/188, 56.4%). One third (n = 61/188, 32.4%) suffered from isolated extra-pulmonary and 21/188 (11.2%) from disseminated disease. In 288 patients with pooled data and pulmonary affection, clinical relevance was high with 68% (95% CI 44-85%) of patients fulfilling criteria for clinical disease. Macrolide and rifamycin-containing regimens were associated with improved survival (adjusted OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.42, p = 0.002, and 0.23, 95% CI 0.04-0.86, p = 0.03, for lethal events, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, we provide a detailed clinical description of M. malmoense infections. The pathogen is of high clinical relevance for the individual patient with more than 2 out of 3 patients having relevant disease and >40% of manifestations being extra-pulmonary or disseminated. Macrolide and rifamycin-containing regimens are associated with improved survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wetzstein
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.
| | - Victor Naestholt Dahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Lillebaek
- International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), TTU-TB, Borstel, Germany; Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children´s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yancheva N, Strashimirov D, Ivanov D, Grozdeva R, Bachiyska E, Milanov V. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Infection with Different Clinical Presentation in Two Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Patients. Int J Mycobacteriol 2024; 13:112-114. [PMID: 38771289 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_23_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Microorganisms belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are ubiquitous in the environment, but only a minority of infected persons develop disease. An underlying lung disease or immune deficiency is a prerequisite for clinical manifestation. However, disseminated MAC disease primarily manifests in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the severe immunodeficiency stage with a whole host of clinical symptoms. We present two cases of disseminated M. avium infection in people living with HIV in the stage of severe immunodeficiency. Both patients exhibited distinct disease progression, with the absence of pulmonary symptoms being a common characteristic. The first patient predominantly experienced high fever, accompanied by diarrhea and severe anemia. The normothermia in the second patient was incongruent with the presence of marked cachexia, severe abdominal pain, and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of abdominal lymph node involvement. The causative agent was isolated from both sputum and stools. The patients underwent treatment that comprised aminoglycoside, macrolide, ethambutol, and rifampicin. Although both patients achieved optimal viral suppression of HIV, the immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy was suboptimal. The first patient died in the setting of severe immunodeficiency due to the development of decompensated liver cirrhosis, while the second patient demonstrated a slight reverse course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yancheva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Ivan Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Strashimirov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Ivan Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Ivanov
- Department of AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Ivan Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rusina Grozdeva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Ivan Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elizabeta Bachiyska
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Milanov
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cinicola BL, Ottaviano G, Hashim IF, Zainudeen ZT, Hamid IJA, Elfeky R. Prevalence and Characteristics of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:23. [PMID: 38129624 PMCID: PMC10739425 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Here, we aimed to review and analyze current literature on incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of NTM infection after allogeneic HSCT. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature regarding NTM infection in children and adults receiving allogeneic HSCT. RESULTS We identified 56 articles eligible for the analysis. Among 15 studies, describing 15,798 allogeneic HSCT, we estimated a prevalence of 1.26% (95% CI 0.72, 1.93) of NTM after transplant. Analysis of 175 patients with NTM infection showed a median time of diagnosis of 318 days after HSCT, an increased prevalence in adults (82.9%), and a most frequent pulmonary involvement (44%). Comparison between children and adults revealed an earlier post-transplant disease onset (median 130 days vs 287 days) and most frequent non-pulmonary presentation in children. A vast heterogeneity of therapeutic approach reflected the lack of universal recommendations regarding drug combination and duration of therapy. Overall, NTM-related mortality accounted for 33% in this systematic review. CONCLUSION Although rare, NTM infections can complicate post-transplant course with a high mortality rate in children and adults. The lack of prospective studies and guidelines prevents identification of risk factors and therapeutic recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ottaviano
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilie Fadzilah Hashim
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Thasneem Zainudeen
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Intan Juliana Abd Hamid
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Reem Elfeky
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
- GOS Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, and NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiselinova M, Naesens L, Huis In ’t Veld D, Boelens J, Van Braeckel E, Vande Weygaerde Y, Callens S. Management Challenges of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: A Single-Center Case Series and Literature Review. Pathogens 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 38276158 PMCID: PMC10819148 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease remains largely enigmatic, yet these mycobacteria are increasingly acknowledged as important opportunistic pathogens in humans. Traditionally, NTM infections have been identified across various anatomical locations, with the respiratory system being the most affected and best understood. Historically, extrapulmonary NTM infection was predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, with Mycobacterium avium lymphadenopathy being the most commonly reported. Today, however, because of the expanding utilization of immunosuppressive therapies and the demographic shift towards an aging population, an increasing number of NTM infections are expected and seen. Hence, a heightened index of suspicion is essential, necessitating a multifaceted approach to identification and drug sensitivity testing to improve treatment outcomes. In extrapulmonary NTM management, expert consultation is strongly recommended to determine the most efficacious treatment regimen, as individualized, patient-tailored therapies are often required. Furthermore, the economic burden of NTM disease is considerable, accompanied by high rates of hospitalization. To optimize the management of these intricate infections, there is an urgent need for comprehensive data on incidence, prevalence, and outcomes. This case-based series delves into the intricate nature of extrapulmonary NTM infections, focusing on both rapid and slow-growing NTM species, and explores therapeutic options, resistance mechanisms, and host-related immunological factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kiselinova
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Leslie Naesens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Diana Huis In ’t Veld
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Jerina Boelens
- Department of Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (Y.V.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Callens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Somboonviboon D, Thongtaeparak W, Suntavaruk P, Nasomsong W. Disseminated coinfection with Mycobacterium Avium complex and Mycobacterium Kansasii in a patient with idiopathic CD4 + lymphocytopenia: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:1167-1171. [PMID: 37562711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously disseminated coinfection with two species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is extremely rare and had been reported only in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we report a 59-year-old Thai man, previously healthy. He presented with a 2-month history of prolonged fever, constitutional symptoms, and hepatosplenomegaly. His chest and abdomen computed tomography illustrated multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes accompanied with multifocal crazy-paving appearance in both lungs and hepatosplenomegaly. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed on the mediastinal nodes. The pathologic findings were necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis with numerous AFB-positive bacilli. Blood culture subsequently isolated M. intracellulare, while BAL and lymph node culture isolated M. intracellulare and M. kansasii, which confirmed species by multiplex PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing. Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL) was diagnosed as the cause of secondary immune deficiency. Intravenous imipenem, amikacin, and azithromycin were administered as an empirical antibiotic regimen for 4 weeks, then substituted to oral rifampicin, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, and ethambutol as definitive regimen. Unfortunately, it was found that he had died unexpectedly at home after 4 months of treatment, possibly related to this illness. In our view, patients with severe disseminated NTM disease should be evaluated to explore a secondary immune deficiency disorder. An ICL is a rare heterogenous syndrome but should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dujrath Somboonviboon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Thongtaeparak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Papatsiri Suntavaruk
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Worapong Nasomsong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarrazin M, Martin BP, Avellan R, Gnawali GR, Poncin I, Le Guenno H, Spilling CD, Cavalier JF, Canaan S. Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Fluorescent Cyclipostins and Cyclophostin Analogues: New Insights for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterial-Related Diseases. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2564-2578. [PMID: 36379042 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a significantly higher risk of acquiring nontuberculous mycobacteria infections, predominantly due to Mycobacterium abscessus, than the healthy population. Because M. abscessus infections are a major cause of clinical decline and morbidity in CF patients, improving treatment and the detection of this mycobacterium in the context of a polymicrobial culture represents a critical component to better manage patient care. We report here the synthesis of fluorescent Dansyl derivatives of four active cyclipostins and cyclophostin analogues (CyCs) and provide new insights regarding the CyC's lack of activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and above all into their mode of action against intramacrophagic M. abscessus cells. Our results pointed out that the intracellularly active CyC accumulate in acidic compartments within macrophage cells, that this accumulation appears to be essential for their delivery to mycobacteria-containing phagosomes, and consequently, for their antimicrobial effect against intracellular replicating M. abscessus, and that modification of such intracellular localization via disruption of endolysosomal pH strongly affects the CyC accumulation and efficacy. Moreover, we discovered that these fluorescent compounds could become efficient probes to specifically label mycobacterial species with high sensitivity, including M. abscessus in the presence several other pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Collectively, all present and previous data emphasized the therapeutic potential of unlabeled CyCs and the attractiveness of the fluorescent CyC as a potential new efficient diagnostic tool to be exploited in future diagnostic developments against mycobacterial-related infections, especially against M. abscessus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Sarrazin
- CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Benjamin P Martin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Romain Avellan
- CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Giri Raj Gnawali
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Isabelle Poncin
- CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Hugo Le Guenno
- Microscopy Core Facility, IMM FR3479, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Christopher D Spilling
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | | | - Stéphane Canaan
- CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13009, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lao CK, Wu TS, Lin KY, Lee MH. Disseminated Mycobacterium peregrinum and Mycobacterium avium infection in a patient with AIDS: A case report and review of literature. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 27:100314. [PMID: 35492430 PMCID: PMC9038537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are frequently recognized in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAIC) is the most common species. Mycobacterium peregrinum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that accounts for 1–2% of community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections. It mainly causes skin and soft tissue infection. Disseminated infection by M. peregrinum has never been reported in patients with AIDS. We describe a case of disseminated co-infection of M. peregrinum and M. avium in a 33-year-old male with newly diagnosed AIDS, and review the literature regarding M. peregrinum infection. The patient’s bone marrow culture grew M. peregrinum and his blood culture grew M. avium. The diagnosis of disseminated co-infection of M. peregrinum and M. avium was confirmed. Disseminated infection due to M. peregrinum is rare and diagnosis can be challenging. Due to limited case numbers, there is no treatment guideline for M. peregrinum nowadays. Further study is warranted for better understanding M. peregrinum related infections.
Collapse
|