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Pan C, Sheng C, Wang K, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhang Z, Tao L, Lv Y, Gao F. Beeswax waste improves the mycelial growth, fruiting body yield, and quality of oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus). PeerJ 2024; 12:e18726. [PMID: 39703918 PMCID: PMC11657188 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Heilongjiang Province has the third largest bee population in China, producing over 2,000 tons of beeswax waste (BW) each year. Most of this BW is discarded or burned. Therefore, we urgently need to find sustainable applications of BW. Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms, commonly referred to as oyster mushrooms, are cultivated for both food and medicine. The substrate used to grow P. ostreatus mushrooms often contains wheat bran as a nitrogen source. The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of substituting this wheat bran with BW to cultivate P. ostreatus mushrooms. Five treatments were established, with BW making up 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% of the total substrate, and the effects on the mycelial growth and development, biological efficiency (BE), and yield were evaluated along with changes in the chemical biomass composition of the fruiting bodies. Adding BW increased the number of days needed for primordia initiation and the number of days between flushes of P. ostreatus mushrooms. With increasing BW, the total fresh weight of P. ostreatus mushrooms first increased and then decreased. The 5% BW treatment resulted in the highest yield and biological efficiency (BE) of 1,478.96 ± 9.61 g bag-1 and 92.43 ± 0.60%, respectively, which exceeded the values of the control by 4.14% (control: 1,420.15 ± 9.53 g bag-1 and 88.76 ± 0.60%, respectively). The 5% BW treatment also resulted in the highest mushroom crude protein content (23.47 ± 0.18 g 100 g-1), which was 28.18% higher compared with the control (18.31 ± 0.05 g 100 g-1). The 9% BW treatment resulted in the highest crude polysaccharide content (10.33 ± 0.76 g 100 g-1), which was 2.42-fold that of the control (4.26 ± 0.30 g 100 g-1). This study suggests that BW could serve as an effective source of nitrogen to cultivate P. ostreatus. BW is a promising, cost-effective, and efficient additive to mushroom substrate, improving the yield and quality of P. ostreatus mushrooms while providing a sustainable use for an otherwise difficult to dispose of waste product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Pan
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunge Sheng
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fuchao Gao
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
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Sassine YN, Nabhan S, Rachkidy E, El Sebaaly Z. Valorization of agro-forest wastes (oak acorns, vineyard pruning, and olive pruning) through the cultivation of shiitake ( Lentinula edodes) mushrooms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32562. [PMID: 38994102 PMCID: PMC11237938 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental research has been focusing on developing new substrates for growing shiitake mushrooms as alternatives to the standard oak sawdust substrate. The selection of appropriate lignocellulosic materials is based on their availability in the production area and their compatibility with the requirements of the mushroom species being cultivated. In comparison to oak sawdust substrate (OS) as the control, this study evaluated the potential of oak acorns (OA), olive pruning (OLPR), and vineyard pruning (VIP), and various combinations: OA-OLPR:1-1, OA-VIP:1-1, OS-OLPR:1-1, and OS-VIP:1-1, prepared on a dry weight basis. In comparison to OS, complete mycelial development was hastened in OA, OA-VIP: 1-1, and OS-VIP:1-1 by 9.5, 7.9, and 4.2 days and delayed in OLPR and OS-OLPR:1-1 by 11.3 and 7.0 days, respectively. Also, harvest was earlier in OA, OA-VIP:1-1, and OS-VIP:1-1 by 9.3, 6.7, and 3.3 days, respectively, while it was significantly delayed in OLPR, VIP, and OS-OLPR:1-1 by 12.3, 3.7, and 8.0 days, respectively. While the total biological yield was significantly reduced in OLPR, OS-OLPR:1-1, VIP, and OS-VIP:1-1, it was comparable to OS in OA, OA-OLPR:1-1, and OA-VIP:1-1 (597.0, 552.0, 532.2, and 556.2 g/kg, respectively). Production was consistently high over two consecutive flushes in OS, OA, and OA-VIP: 1-1. Total biological yields were higher in OA-OLPR: 1-1 than OS-OLPR:1-1 and in OA-VIP:1-1 than OS-VIP:1-1. OA increased mushroom number and firmness, VIP and OLPR increased mushroom weight, and OA-VIP:1-1 increased pileus thickness. Mushrooms' protein and fiber contents were higher than OS in all substrates and the highest in OA-OLPR:1-1 (8.7 %) and OLPR (2.8 %), respectively. Conclusively, the substrates OA, OA-VIP: 1-1, and OA-OLPR:1-1 may alternate oak sawdust; however, the first two substrates have an advantage over the third due to earlier harvests. Also, it is more favorable to use VIP and OLPR in combination with OA than to use them alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Najib Sassine
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stephanie Nabhan
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
- University of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Rachkidy
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina El Sebaaly
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
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Silva M, Ramos AC, Lidon FJ, Reboredo FH, Gonçalves EM. Pre- and Postharvest Strategies for Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom in a Circular Economy Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1464. [PMID: 38790763 PMCID: PMC11120248 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mushroom cultivation presents a viable solution for utilizing agro-industrial byproducts as substrates for growth. This process enables the transformation of low-economic-value waste into nutritional foods. Enhancing the yield and quality of preharvest edible mushrooms, along with effectively preserving postharvest mushrooms, stands as a significant challenge in advancing the industry. Implementing pre- and postharvest strategies for Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm (oyster mushroom) within a circular economy framework involves optimizing resource use, minimizing waste, and creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly production system. This review aimed to analyze the development and innovation of the different themes and trends by bibliometric analysis with a critical literature review. Furthermore, this review outlines the cultivation techniques for Pleurotus ostreatus, encompassing preharvest steps such as spawn production, substrate preparation, and the entire mushroom growth process, which includes substrate colonization, fruiting, harvesting, and, finally, the postharvest. While novel methodologies are being explored for maintaining quality and extending shelf-life, the evaluation of the environmental impact of the entire mushroom production to identify areas for improvement is needed. By integrating this knowledge, strategies can be developed for a more sustainable and circular approach to Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom cultivation, promoting environmental stewardship and long-term viability in this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Silva
- INIAV—Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.)
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1600-560 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ramos
- INIAV—Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.)
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. Lidon
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1600-560 Caparica, Portugal
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando H. Reboredo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1600-560 Caparica, Portugal
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elsa M. Gonçalves
- INIAV—Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.)
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Sheng C, Wang Y, Pan C, Shi L, Wang Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhang P, Liu Z, Yu H, Wang F, Dong X, Yan S. Evaluation of Rice Straw, Corncob, and Soybean Straw as Substrates for the Cultivation of Lepista sordida. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:101. [PMID: 38255716 PMCID: PMC10820783 DOI: 10.3390/life14010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lepista sordida is a type of high-quality rare edible and medicinal mushroom, and its research boom is just beginning. More than 80 million tons of grain crop residues are produced each year in Heilongjiang Province. To realize the exploration and utilization of wild L. sordida mushrooms and also provide a theoretical support for the high-value utilization of these resources in Heilongjiang Province, we evaluated the cultivation of L. sordida mushrooms using rice straw, corncob, and soybean straw as substrates. L. sordida grew on all three substrates, and the biological efficiency and yield of the mushrooms grown on soybean straw and corncob were 32.33 ± 1.78% and 4.20 ± 0.23 kg m-2, and 30.15 ± 0.93% and 3.92 ± 0.12 kg m-2, respectively, which increased by 9.38% and 2.08% compared with that on the rice straw substrate with 3.84 ± 0.12 kg m-2 and 29.56 ± 0.89%. The time it took for the mycelia to colonize and initiate primordia on the soybean straw substrate was 22.33 ± 0.58 d and 19.67 ± 0.58 d, respectively, which was delayed by 2 d and 3 d compared with that on the rice straw substrate with 20.67 ± 2.08 d and 16.33 ± 0.58 d, respectively. The fruiting bodies grown on corncob and soybean straw substrates were relatively larger than those on the rice straw substrate. The highest amount of crude protein was 57.38 ± 0.08 g 100 g-1, and the lowest amount of crude polysaccharide was 6.03 ± 0.01 g 100 g-1. They were observed on mushrooms collected from the corncob substrate. The contents of the heavy metal mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in the fruiting bodies grown on each substrate were within the national safety range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunge Sheng
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Chunlei Pan
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yinpeng Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Zitong Liu
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Xuemei Dong
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang 157000, China; (C.S.)
| | - Shuihua Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
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Ahmed AF, Mahmoud GAE, Hefzy M, Liu Z, Ma C. Overview on the edible mushrooms in Egypt. JOURNAL OF FUTURE FOODS 2023; 3:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abou Fayssal S, El Sebaaly Z, Sassine YN. Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Agro-Industrial Residues: Studies on Microbial Contamination and Shelf-Life Prediction under Different Packaging Types and Storage Temperatures. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030524. [PMID: 36766053 PMCID: PMC9914764 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The short shelf-life of mushrooms, due to water loss and microbial spoilage, is the main constraint for commercialization and consumption. The effect of substrate type combined with different temperatures and packaging conditions on the shelf-life of fresh Pleurotus ostreatus is scantily researched. The current study investigated the shelf-life of fresh oyster mushrooms grown on low (0.3, 0.3, 0.17) and high (0.7, 0.7, 0.33) rates of olive pruning residues (OLPR), spent coffee grounds (SCG), and both combined residues (OLPR/SCG) with wheat straw (WS), respectively, at ambient (20 °C) and 4 °C temperatures under no packaging, polyethylene plastic bag packaging (PBP), and polypropylene vacuum bag packaging (VBP). Results showed that at ambient temperature OLPR/SCG mushrooms PBP-bagged had an increased shelf-life by 0.5-1.2 days in comparison with WS ones. The predictive models adopted to optimize mushroom shelf-life at ambient temperature set rates of 0.289 and 0.303 of OLPR and OLPR/SCG, respectively, and PBP as the most suitable conditions (9.18 and 9.14 days, respectively). At 4 °C, OLPR/SCG mushrooms VBP-bagged had a longer shelf-life of 2.6-4.4 days compared to WS ones. Predictive models noted a maximized shelf-life of VBP-bagged mushrooms (26.26 days) when a rate of 0.22 OLPR/SCG is incorporated into the initial substrate. The combination of OLPR and SCG increased the shelf-life of fresh Pleurotus ostreatus by decreasing the total microbial count (TMC) while delaying weight loss and veil opening, and maintaining carbohydrate content, good firmness, and considerable protein, in comparison with WS regardless the storage temperature and packaging type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeina El Sebaaly
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
| | - Youssef N. Sassine
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
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Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Occurrence in Two Wild Edible Oyster Mushrooms ( Pleurotus spp.) Collected from Rajaji National Park. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101007. [PMID: 36294572 PMCID: PMC9605409 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the concentration of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in two wild edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor) collected from Rajaji National Park in Haridwar, India. For this purpose, mushroom samples were collected from selected locations (forest, residential, tourist, industrial areas, and transportation activities) from June 2021 to July 2022 and subsequently analyzed for selected heavy metals using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that both Pleurotus spp. had significantly varying (p < 0.05) concentrations of heavy metals. However, P. ostreatus showed relatively higher concentration levels of these metals compared to P. djamor. The mean concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of the Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in P. ostreatus and P. djamor were 0.10 and 0.08, 0.87 and 0.64, 16.19 and 14.77, 28.49 and 27.15, 9.93 and 8.73, and 18.15 and 15.76, respectively. As indicated by the multivariate analysis tools i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the locations near the residential, industrial, and transportation activities had higher concentration levels of heavy metals. Moreover, the health risk studies using the target hazard quotient (THQ < 1) showed no significant health risk as the consumption of both Pleurotus spp., except for at one location, had high-traffic activities. The findings of this study provide vital information about the occurrence of potentially toxic heavy metals in wild edible Pleurotus spp. in Rajaji National Park in Haridwar, India representing a safeguard for mushroom consumers.
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Biotransforming the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes Berk.): A Synergistic Approach to Biogas Production and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Fertilization. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Agro-wastes, such as crop residues, leaf litter, and sawdust, are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, and consequently a major concern for climate change. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has appeared as an emerging agribusiness that helps in the sustainable management of agro-wastes. However, partial utilization of agro-wastes by mushrooms results in the generation of a significant quantity of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) that have continued to become an environmental problem. In particular, Shiitake (Lentinula edodes Berk.) mushrooms can be grown on different types of agro-wastes and also generate a considerable amount of SMS. Therefore, this study investigates the biotransformation of SMS obtained after Shiitake mushroom cultivation into biogas and attendant utilization of slurry digestate (SD) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop fertilization. Biogas production experiments were conducted anaerobically using four treatments of SMS, i.e., 0% (control), 25, 50, and 75% inoculated with a proportional amount of cow dung (CD) as inoculum. The results on biogas production revealed that SMS 50% treatment yielded the highest biogas volume (8834 mL or 11.93 mL/g of organic carbon) and methane contents (61%) along with maximum reduction of physicochemical and proximate parameters of slurry. Furthermore, the biogas digestate from 50% treatment further helped to increase the seed germination (93.25%), seedling length (9.2 cm), seedling root length (4.19 cm), plant height (53.10 cm), chlorophyll content (3.38 mg/g), total yield (1.86 kg/plant), flavonoids (5.06 mg/g), phenolics (2.78 mg/g), and tannin (3.40 mg/g) contents of tomato significantly (p < 0.05) in the 10% loading rate. The findings of this study suggest sustainable upcycling of SMS inspired by a circular economy approach through synergistic production of bioenergy and secondary fruit crops, which could potentially contribute to minimize the carbon footprints of the mushroom production sector.
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Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Zhao Y, Kakumyan P. Impact of Cultivation Substrate and Microbial Community on Improving Mushroom Productivity: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040569. [PMID: 35453768 PMCID: PMC9027886 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lignocellulosic material and substrate formulations affect mushroom productivity. The microbial community in cultivation substrates affects the quality of the substrates and the efficiency of mushroom production. The elucidation of the key microbes and their biochemical function can serve as a useful guide in the development of a more effective system for mushroom cultivation. Abstract Lignocellulosic materials commonly serve as base substrates for mushroom production. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the major components of lignocellulose materials. The composition of these components depends upon the plant species. Currently, composted and non-composted lignocellulosic materials are used as substrates in mushroom cultivation depending on the mushroom species. Different substrate compositions can directly affect the quality and quantity of mushroom production yields. Consequently, the microbial dynamics and communities of the composting substrates can significantly affect mushroom production. Therefore, changes in both substrate composition and microbial diversity during the cultivation process can impact the production of high-quality substrates and result in a high degree of biological efficiency. A brief review of the current findings on substrate composition and microbial diversity for mushroom cultivation is provided in this paper. We also summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of mushroom cultivation by analyzing the microbial diversity of the composting substrates during mushroom cultivation. The resulting information will serve as a useful guide for future researchers in their attempts to increase mushroom productivity through the selection of suitable substrate compositions and their relation to the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (P.K.)
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Kinetic Studies on Delignification and Heavy Metals Uptake by Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) Mushroom Cultivated on Agro-Industrial Wastes. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the sustainable production of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushroom using agro-industrial wastes. The substrate of Shiitake (80% rice straw + 20% sugar cane bagasse) was moistened with 0 (freshwater as control), 50, and 100% concentrations of secondarily treated dairy plant and sugar mill wastewaters (DPW and SMW). After proper sterilization, the cultivation was carried out under controlled environmental conditions using the bag log method for 100 days. The results revealed that DPW and SMW moistening significantly (p < 0.05) increased the nutrient levels of the formulated substrate which later gave better mushroom yield. The highest Shiitake mycelial coverage (90.70 ± 1.47 and 88.65 ± 1.82%), yield (186.00 ± 3.10 and 176.09 ± 4.12 g/kg fresh substrate), biological efficiency (80.00 ± 0.58 and 75.73 ± 0.93%), total phenol (2.84 ± 0.03 and 2.69 ± 0.03 mg/g), ascorbic acid (0.34 ± 0.03 and 0.32 ± 0.02 mg/g), and β-carotene (2.48 ± 0.06 and 2.29 ± 0.02 μg/g) contents with the minimum time taken for spawn running (60 ± 1 days) was observed using a 50% concentration treatment of both DPW and SMW, respectively. Besides this, the kinetic studies using a first-order-based model showed acceptable accuracy in predicting the rate constant for substrate delignification and heavy metal uptake by Shiitake mushroom. These findings suggest a novel approach for sustainable mushroom cultivation using agro-industrial wastes. The concept can be used for the production of high-quality mushrooms for edible and medicinal purposes while contributing toward the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 12) on responsible consumption and production of superfoods.
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Kumar P, Kumar V, Adelodun B, Bedeković D, Kos I, Širić I, Alamri SAM, Alrumman SA, Eid EM, Abou Fayssal S, Goala M, Arya AK, Bachheti A, Choi KS, Ajibade FO, Silva LFO. Sustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation: Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020112. [PMID: 35205866 PMCID: PMC8876633 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the use of sewage sludge (SS) as a casing material amendment and the potential uptake of metal elements by the cultivated white button (Agaricus bisporus: MS-39) mushroom. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled environmental conditions to grow A. bisporus on the composted wheat straw substrate for 50 days. Different treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) of casing material were prepared by mixing garden and dried SS and applied on the mushroom substrate after proper sterilization. The results revealed that SS application was significant (p < 0.05) in accelerating mushroom yield with a biological efficiency of 65.02% for the mixing rate of 200 g/kg. Moreover, the maximum bioaccumulation of selected metal elements (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was observed using the same treatment. Additionally, the multiple regression models constructed for the uptake prediction of metal elements showed an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9900), high model efficiency (ME > 0.98), and low root mean square error (RMSE < 0.410) values, respectively. The findings of this study represent sustainable use of SS for the formulation of mushroom casing material contributing toward synergistic agro-economy generation and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bashir Adelodun
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Nigeria;
- Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dalibor Bedeković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.); (I.K.); (I.Š.)
| | - Ivica Kos
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.); (I.K.); (I.Š.)
| | - Ivan Širić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.); (I.K.); (I.Š.)
| | - Saad A. M. Alamri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Sulaiman A. Alrumman
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.M.E.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
| | - Madhumita Goala
- Nehru College, Pailapool, Affiliated Assam University, Silchar 788098, India;
| | - Ashish Kumar Arya
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India; (A.K.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Archana Bachheti
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India; (A.K.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Kyung Sook Choi
- Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Fidelis Odedishemi Ajibade
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Nigeria;
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Luis F. O. Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
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