Linking cognitive flexibility to entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial intention among medical students with the moderating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A second-order moderated mediation model

The Relationship Between Family Functioning and Defending Behaviors Among Junior High School Students: The Mediating Effect of Empathy and Moderating Effect of Gender

Bystanders play a role in school bullying; more specifically, the defending behaviors of bystanders play an important role in stopping bullying. This study explores the relationship between defending behaviors and family functioning in the context of school bullying from a family perspective. The role played by individual characteristics (empathy and gender) in this relationship was also focused on. The participants were 994 adolescents (average age = 13.34 ± 0.92 years) from the east of China. They completed the McMaster Family Assessment Device, the Basic Empathy Scale, and the Defending Behaviors subscale of the Participant Role Questionnaire. After controlling for residence and age, we found that family functioning significantly and positively influenced defending behaviors, and cognitive empathy rather than affective empathy mediated the relationship between family functioning and defending behaviors. In addition, family functioning influenced defending behaviors in boys more strongly than in girls. This study may increase the likelihood that bystanders will engage in defending behaviors by informing interventions for school bullying.

The Correlation Between Cognitive Flexibility and Learning Strategies Adopted by Medical Students

Background and objective The term cognitive flexibility refers to the ability of the students to adapt to a challenging environment. This quality has been found to enhance creativity and skills for innovation among medical students who are expected to face a taxing environment in clinical settings. Medical students should be competent enough to address the problems on their own and work with autonomy. The practice of self-regulated learning (SRL) can be associated with cognitive flexibility. Hence, this study aimed to determine the correlation between learning strategies and cognitive flexibility. Our primary objective was to correlate the different learning strategies adopted and cognitive flexibility among medical students. Material and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Ariyur, Pondicherry after obtaining institutional ethical committee approval. Students from the second year to the final year of the MBBS course who volunteered to participate in the study were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Motivated Strategy for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), consisting of 50 items in Part B, was employed to assess SRL. Cognitive flexibility was measured using the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A and Part B. Results The study included a total of 220 medical students. The mean age of the participants was 21.76 ± 1.77 years, and they had a healthy mean BMI of 21.06 ± 1.25 kg/m2. There was no significant difference in terms of gender in the tested variables. Responses in Card "C" and Card "CW" of the Stroop test showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.001) with subscales of SRL strategies. In the TMT, the latency of Trail A showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.001) with all the subscale scores of the SRL strategies, and the latency of Trail B showed a negative correlation with rehearsal (p=0.03), organization (p=0.03), and effort regulation strategies (p=0.01) of SRL. Conclusion Implementing SRL techniques can ultimately help medical students to act more wisely and judiciously. Hence, we propose that cognitive flexibility among medical students can be enhanced by adopting SRL strategies.

Effect of entrepreneurial education and creativity on entrepreneurial intention in college students: mediating entrepreneurial inspiration, mindset, and self-efficiency

Entrepreneurship in higher education is increasingly valuing entrepreneurial creativity as a significant driver for improving university students' innovative abilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the direct influence of entrepreneurial education and creativity on entrepreneurial intention, as well as the indirect role of entrepreneurial inspiration, mindset, and self-efficiency. This study gathered survey responses from 448 university business students from three Chinese provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The results indicated that entrepreneurial education and creativity have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intent. In addition, the results demonstrated that the combination of entrepreneurial mindset, inspiration, and self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial creativity. In addition, additional implications and restrictions are discussed in this article.

How do locus of control influence business and personal success? The mediating effects of entrepreneurial competency

This research aims to assess the influence of locus of control on the expression of entrepreneurial competency in a small business setting. Specifically, it predicts how this can generate positive outcomes in terms of business growth, quality of life, and sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Survey responses were collected from 102 small-sized firms in Malaysia. Structural equation modeling was performed to validate a mediation model and test nine research hypotheses. The results suggested that internal locus of control indirectly affects the venturing outcomes via entrepreneurial competency, whereas external locus of control has no such consequences. Thus, it can be deduced that beliefs based on internal attributions-rather than external forces, define entrepreneurs' destiny, and their competencies serve a perpetual role in linking these beliefs to positive business performance, life satisfaction, and sustainable entrepreneurial behavior. In practical terms, policymakers may gradually shift their focus from supplying direct financial relief assistance to the owner-managers to empowering them with core competencies building programs, especially during disasters and recessions. This study unravels the complexities of the entrepreneurial psychology-competency interface and fills a gap in the literature by providing compelling evidence of the adverse consequences of relying too heavily on fate or external assistance.

Dark personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions among Pakistani university students: The role of executive functions and academic intent to entrepreneurship

This study examined the mediating role of core Executive Functions (EF: working memory and inhibitory control) and moderating role of Perceived Academic Intent to Entrepreneurship (PAIE) in relationship between Dark Personality Traits (SDT) and Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI) of university students. A sample of 539 university students enrolled in various undergraduate and postgraduate programs completed the Short Dark Triad-3 (SD3), Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), and measures for assessing Entrepreneurial Intent and Perceived Academic Intent to Entrepreneurship. The results showed that of SDT, only Machiavellianism was significantly associated with EI. Both of the core executive functions and PAIE were also positively correlated with EI. Moreover, findings showed that EF positively mediated the relationship between Machiavellian disposition and entrepreneurial intention, while perceived academic intent to entrepreneurship moderated the relationship between executive functions and EI. A significant moderated mediation index was also reported. Findings offer useful insight to the interplay among above mentioned variables and guide educational and organizational psychologists to employ core cognitive strategies for promoting entrepreneurial thoughts and channelizing the productive energies of students with malevolent tendencies through academic coaching.

Improvisation and university students’ entrepreneurial intention in China: The roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial policy support

In the VUCA era, determining how to deal with environmental uncertainty has become one of the core issues. Research shows that improvisation is an effective way to deal with rapid changes and to obtain unexpected opportunities in a complex and changeable environment. Improvisation, as a needed capability in the entrepreneurial process, can also provide key strategies to effectively deal with emergencies. Although previous studies have explored the outcomes of improvisation in the entrepreneurial field, this paper aims to investigate in depth whether and how improvisation affects entrepreneurial intention in China. A moderated mediation model was constructed and tested using data from 251 Chinese university students to explore the influence mechanism of improvisation on entrepreneurial intention by combining social cognitive theory and the entrepreneurial event model. The results of this empirical analysis found that improvisation has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a fully mediating role in the relationship between improvisation and entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, entrepreneurial policy support has been found to significantly moderate the mediated relationship between improvisation and entrepreneurial intention by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The findings suggest that individuals should cultivate improvisation capabilities and entrepreneurial self-efficacy to enhance their entrepreneurial intention. They also need to pay attention to the dynamics of entrepreneurial policies in China. This study contributes to the extant literature by providing deeper insight into the relationship between improvisation and entrepreneurial intention and also has important practical implications for promoting entrepreneurial intention formation in contexts with environmental uncertainty like China.

Relationship Between Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intentions in College Students: Mediation Effects of Social Capital and Human Capital

The research aims to explore the influence mechanism of proactive personality on the entrepreneurial intentions of college students. Adopting proactive personality scale, social capital scale, human capital scale, and entrepreneurial intention scale, this research tested valid samples of 300 Chinese college students. The results revealed that proactive personality exerted a significant and positive impact on the entrepreneurial intentions. Social capital played a partial mediating role between the proactive personality and the entrepreneurial intentions. Human capital also played a partial mediating role between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions. Social capital and human capital exerted a chain mediation effect between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions. The result of this research offers valuable insights to the study of the influence of college students’ proactive personality on entrepreneurial intentions and provides entrepreneurship education management in colleges with specific practical suggestions so as to improve entrepreneurial intentions among college students.

From COVID-19 Pandemic to Entrepreneurial Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Proactive Personality and the Moderating Role of Anticipated Regret

COVID-19 is a global public health issue that poses a challenge to the education sector. The pandemic has a devastating impact on student entrepreneurial behavior and their mental health. This study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the student entrepreneurial intention/behavioral model with a mediating effect of proactive personality and the moderating role of anticipated regret. The sample of the study comprised 345 university students from Pakistan. Data were collected using a self-report and other report survey questionnaires. The hypotheses were investigated using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) approach. According to the findings, COVID-19 perception has a negative and significant impact on the student entrepreneurial intention/behavior model. Meanwhile, findings show that a proactive personality significantly mediates the relationship between COVID-19 perception and entrepreneurial intention. The results show that anticipated regret moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior in a favorable and significant way. Furthermore, discussion and implications were also discussed in this article.

Shadow of cyber ostracism over remote environment: Implication on remote work challenges, virtual work environment and employee mental well-being during a Covid-19 pandemic

This study aimed to identify the influence of workplace cyber ostracism on employee online work engagement and employee mental well-being with the mediating roles of remote work challenges such as loneliness, procrastination, work-home interference, and ineffective communication. As amidst lockdown due to COVID-19, the data was collected from 303 respondents through an online questionnaire that was distributed in virtual groups among friends, relatives, and other fellows who were working in the private sector organizations of Pakistan. The hypotheses were tested using the partial least square structural equation modeling PLS-SEM technique. The findings of this study showed that workplace cyber ostracism has a positive and significant impact on employee online work engagement and employee mental well-being. Moreover, results also demonstrated that loneliness, ineffective communication, procrastination, and work-home interference positively and significantly mediate the relationship between workplace cyber ostracism, employee online work engagement, and employee mental well-being. Furthermore, discussion, implications, and limitations were also discussed in this research article.

Responding to social change: innovativeness, entrepreneurial alertness, and entrepreneurial intention in Nigeria: the role of family support

Presently, entrepreneurship has become one of the adequate remedies to ameliorate various economic and social problems. Thus, to boost entrepreneurship, the Nigerian government has opted to include entrepreneurial studies in tertiary institutions; to increase students’ entrepreneurial prowess and intentions. Understanding the factors inherent in the entrepreneurial process is imperative for entrepreneurial development. This present study addresses university students and entrepreneurial intention: the moderating role of family support in the relationships between innovativeness and entrepreneurial alertness on students’ entrepreneurial intention. The researchers adopted an exploratory quantitative approach using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 1383 students participated in the study across the federal universities in the southeast geopolitical zone in Nigeria. The findings showed that innovativeness, entrepreneurial alertness, and family support are positively associated with entrepreneurial intention. In addition, family support moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students but did not affect innovativeness. Our findings suggest that educators and policymakers need to consider the role of exogenous factors (e.g., family support) when seeking to promote entrepreneurial actions of college students through policies or educational programs and to rethink the current models of entrepreneurial education that are prevalent in our educational system to imbibe inclusiveness of both exogenous and endogenous factors that influence entrepreneurship.

The Impact of Psychological Factors on Women Entrepreneurial Inclination: Mediating Role of Self-Leadership

The worth of women's entrepreneurship is accepted globally, but there is less focus on it in developing countries, and societal expectations mean women often lack the confidence to start their own business. The core purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of personality traits on women's inclination toward entrepreneurship. The personality traits are measured through the dimensions of openness, neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Further, the study introduced the mediator of self-leadership on personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions of women. The study is quantitative in nature and used a questionnaire survey to collect the data by convenience sampling technique. The data was collected in the context of Pakistan, and Smart PLS was chosen for further analysis. The findings revealed the significance of the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the study also highlighted the significance of self-leadership as a mediator and proposed significant relationships. The study suggested that personality issues should be considered and used from a business perspective, and self-leadership is important for women. The study provides room for policymakers and institutes to inform educational policies to motivate women entrepreneurs for the future.