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Ginsburg AD, Arnold RM, Silverman EJ. Increasing Our Footprint: Palliative Care in the Emergency Department. J Palliat Med 2023; 26:604-605. [PMID: 37130282 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Ginsburg
- Section of Palliative Care, Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Departments of Emergency Medicine, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert M Arnold
- Palliative Research Center, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ethan J Silverman
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Stoltenberg MJ, Kennedy M, Rico J, Russell M, Petrillo LA, Engel KG, Kamdar M, Ouchi K, Wang DH, Bernacki RH, Biese K, Aaronson E. Developing a novel integrated geriatric palliative care consultation program for the emergency department. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2022; 3:e12860. [PMCID: PMC9742608 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging of our population, older adults are living longer with multiple chronic conditions, frailty, and life‐limiting illnesses, which creates specific challenges for emergency departments (EDs). Older adults and those with serious illnesses have high rates of ED use and hospitalization, and the emergency care they receive may be discordant with their goals and values. In response, new models of care delivery have begun to emerge to address both geriatric and palliative care needs in the ED. However, these programs are typically siloed from one another despite significant overlap. To develop a new combined model, we assembled stakeholders and thought leaders at the intersection of emergency medicine, palliative care, and geriatrics and used a consensus process to define elements of an ideal model of a combined palliative care and geriatric intervention in the ED. This article provides a brief history of geriatric and palliative care integration in EDs and presents the integrated geriatric and palliative care model developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Stoltenberg
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maura Kennedy
- Department of Emergency MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Janet Rico
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Matthew Russell
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Laura A. Petrillo
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kirsten G. Engel
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mihir Kamdar
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kei Ouchi
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David H. Wang
- Division of Palliative MedicineScripps HealthSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachelle H. Bernacki
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Ariadne LabsBrigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kevin Biese
- West Health InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA,Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Emily Aaronson
- Department of Emergency MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Dumnui N, Nagaviroj K, Anothaisintawee T. A study of the factors associated with emergency department visits in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. BMC Palliat Care 2022; 21:197. [PMCID: PMC9664626 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Several studies demonstrated that cancer patients visited the emergency department (ED) frequently. This indicates unmet needs and poor-quality palliative care. We aimed to investigate the factors that contribute to ED visits among patients with advanced cancer in order to identify strategies for reducing unnecessary ED visits among these patients.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted between January and December, 2019. Eligible patients were previously enrolled in the comprehensive palliative care program prior to their ED visit. All patients older than 18 were included. Patients were excluded if they had died at the initial consultation, were referred to other programs at the initial consultation, or had an incomplete record. The trial ended when the patients died, were referred to other palliative programs, or the study ended. The time between the initial palliative consultation and study endpoints was categorized into three groups: 16 days, 16–100 days, and > 100 days, based on the literature review. To investigate the factors associated with ED visits, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. The variables with a P value < 0.15 from the univariate logistic regression analysis were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results
Among a total of 227 patients, 93 visited the ED and 134 did not. Mean age was 65.5 years. Most prevalent cancers were colorectal (18.5%), lung (16.3%), and hepatobiliary (11.9%). At the end, 146 patients died, 45 were alive, nine were referred to other programs, and 27 were lost to follow-up. In univariate logistic regression analysis, patients with > 100 days from palliative consultation (OR 0.23; 95%CI 0.08, 0.66; p-value 0.01) were less likely to attend the ED. In contrast, PPS 50–90% (OR 2.02; 95%CI 1.18, 3.47; p-value 0.01) increased the ED visits. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, these two factors remained associated with ED visits:> 100 days from the palliative consultation (OR 0.18; 95%CI 0.06, 0.55; p-value 0.01) and PPS 50–90% (OR 2.62; 95%CI 1.44, 4.79; p-value 0.01).
Conclusions
There was reduced ED utilization among cancer patients with > 100 days of palliative care. Patients having a lower PPS were associated with a lower risk of ED visits.
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Wang DH, Heidt R. Emergency Department Embedded Palliative Care Service Creates Value for Health Systems. J Palliat Med 2022; 26:646-652. [PMID: 36367980 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2022.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emergency department (ED)-initiated palliative care consultation facilitates goal-concordant care while stewarding resource utilization. Delivery models are being piloted without clear operational and financial sustainability. Objective: To demonstrate that embedding a palliative care consultation service in the ED is clinically meaningful, operationally viable, and yields significant return on investment (ROI). Methods: Quasi-experimental study from August 17, 2020 to August 17, 2021. We established an ED-embedded palliative care consultation service at a 350-bed urban community hospital with 45,000 annual ED visits. A singe palliative care provider stationed in the main ED workstation area from 11 am to 7 pm daily. Matched analysis compared ED-embedded consultations against Floor and intensive care unit (ICU) consultations originating from usual practice. Results: ED consultations increased 10x, without cannibalization, to become the hospital's primary source of palliative care consultations. Clinical outcomes were meaningful, with 49% changing code status, 11% admitting to lower level of care, 11% avoiding hospitalization, 17% newly referred to hospice, and 21% newly referred to palliative care clinic. ED length of stay (LOS) did not lengthen, and ED staff strongly agreed that the service was valuable and unobtrusive. Compared with Floor, ED consultations had 8.1 days shorter hospital LOS (3.0 vs. 11.1 days, p < 0.01) with $5,974 lower median direct costs for index hospitalization ($6,211 vs. $12,005, p < 0.01). Compared with ICU, ED consultations had 4.2 days shorter hospital LOS (3.0 vs. 7.2 days, p < 0.01) with $9,332 lower median direct costs for index hospitalization ($14,093 vs. $23,425, p < 0.01). ROI was 6.7x net of foregone revenue and labor expenses. Conclusions and Relevance: This ED-embedded palliative care consultation service was clinically meaningful, operationally viable, and delivered a 6.7x ROI. ED-palliative partnerships present a quadruple aim opportunity to improve care for seriously ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wang
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Scripps Health, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ryan Heidt
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Scripps Health, San Diego, California, USA
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Kirkland SW, Yang EH, Garrido Clua M, Kruhlak M, Campbell S, Villa-Roel C, Rowe BH. Screening tools to identify patients with unmet palliative care needs in the emergency department: A systematic review. Acad Emerg Med 2022; 29:1229-1246. [PMID: 35344239 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review identified and assessed psychometric properties of the available screening tools to identify patients with unmet palliative care (PC) needs in the emergency department (ED). METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic databases and the gray literature was conducted. Two independent reviewers completed study screening and inclusion, data extraction, and quality assessment. A descriptive summary of the results was reported using median of medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs). RESULTS A total of 35 studies were included, involving the assessment of 14 unique screening tools. The most commonly used screening tool was the surprise question (SQ; n = 12 studies), followed by the Palliative Care and Rapid Emergency Screening (P-CaRES) tool (n = 8), and the screening for palliative and end-of-life care needs in the emergency department (SPEED) instrument (n = 4). Twelve of the included studies reported on the psychometric properties of the screening tools, of which eight of these studies assessed the performance of the SQ to predict patient mortality. Overall, the median sensitivity (63%, IQR 38%-78%) and specificity (75%, IQR 57%-84%) of the SQ to predict mortality at 1 or 12 months was moderate. While the median positive predictive value of the SQ was low (32%, IQR 16%-40%), the median negative predictive value was high (91%, IQR 88%-95%). Across the studies, the proportion of patients identified as having unmet PC based on the criteria of the screening tools ranged from 5% to 83%. CONCLUSIONS This review identified 14 unique screening tools used to identify adult patients with unmet PC needs in the ED. One screening tool, the SQ, was found to have moderate sensitivity and specificity to accurately predict future patient mortality. Additional research is needed to better understand the clinical value of this and the other available tools prior to their widespread implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Kirkland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Esther H Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miriam Garrido Clua
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Kruhlak
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Sandra Campbell
- J.W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cristina Villa-Roel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian H Rowe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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